Misrepresentation by Lawyers about Credentials or Experience

Authorities appropriately condemn dishonesty by attorneys in the broadest terms. In moving from moral principles to legal liability, however, it is important to think carefully about when a lawyer’s conduct misleads a client in a way that is actionable. Whether liability will be imposed depends upon the nature of the misrepresentation, the status of the plaintiff, the theory of liability, and the presence of competing interests or special considerations. Basic principles of American tort law provide useful guidance in defining the disclosure obligations of attorneys. But like tort law itself, the answers are not simple. What an attorney may, must, or may not do is determined by a matrix of rules, which speak to an array of policy considerations that have shaped the law of fraud, fiduciary duty, negligent misrepresentation, and informed consent. Complying with these rules, though difficult, is an essential step in assuring that clients are treated fairly by those who represent their interests

Young tourists’ experiences at dark tourism sites: Towards a conceptual framework

While dark tourism aimed at adults reminds them of past tragic fights, faults and follies, thousands of children and youth also consume inherent memorial messages at dark tourism sites. This paper addresses these unnoticed childhood encounters, about which scholarly discourse remains conspicuously silent. At present, dark tourism research focuses almost exclusively on adults and does not adequately explain young tourists’ experiences. How children experience dark tourism sites has much to do with their understanding of death. Because younger children may not possess an adult-like knowledge of death, they are unable to experience a site as dark. Other theoretical disparities include children’s limited agency in choosing their destinations and their unique and often playful exploration of dark places. To address the inadequacy of current dark tourism conceptualisations, we propose a new framework to encourage scholarly interrogation of children’s experiences at dark tourism sites. Drawing from multiple sources including archival studies and original research with youth, we offer a rationale for considering four major, intersecting influences on a young tourist’s experience: understanding of death, visit preparation (at home or in school), site and interpretation features and dynamics of the specific visit (e.g. group membership, norms and itinerary). Ultimately, this paper uncovers potential research avenues to bring children’s perspectives and experiences to the core of dark tourism research

A case study of how and if a professional development program builds teachers' TPACK model of instruction

The purpose of this case study was to examine the technology professional development experiences of three teachers, to explore their decisions regarding the classroom integration of technology, and to determine if the technology integration met the TPACK model of instruction. The case study design utilized guided interviews, observations, documents, and fieldnotes. From this process, the researcher was able to gain a greater understanding of the decisions made by the teachers regarding technology integration into their classroom curriculum and lessons. The findings of the study indicated that two of the three teachers integrated technology into their classroom lessons meeting a TPACK model of instruction. The discussion reveals the decisions the study participants made regarding the inclusion of technology, their perceptions of professional development, and why they did or did not meet the TPACK model of instruction. (Published By University of Alabama Libraries

Biochemical testing for neuroblastoma using plasma free 3-O-methyldopa, 3-methoxytyramine, and normetanephrine

Background Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, produces catecholamines that are metabolized within tumor cells. Homovanillic acid (HVA) and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), the end products of catecholamine metabolism, have limited accuracy for testing of the tumors. This study assessed whether metabolites produced in earlier steps of catecholamine metabolism might offer improved diagnostic accuracy over urinary HVA and VMA. Procedure Plasma concentrations of 3-methoxytyramine, normetanephrine, and metanephrine were measured in two pediatric cohorts: (i) 96 children with confirmed neuroblastoma and (ii) 41 children with signs and symptoms of a catecholamine-producing tumor or other neoplasms and in whom neuroblastoma was excluded. Additional measurements of plasma 3-O-methyldopa and relationships of metabolites to MYCN amplification were examined in patient subgroups. Results Overall, 94 of the 96 patients with neuroblastoma had concentrations of 3-methoxytyramine or normetanephrine above age-specific upper limits of reference intervals, providing a diagnostic sensitivity of 97.9% that was higher (P < 0.0001) than that of 82.2% for HVA and VMA. One of the two patients with normal plasma results showed an elevation of plasma 3-O-methyldopa. Diagnostic specificities were, respectively, 95.1% and 84.8%. Areas under receiver-operating characteristic curves confirmed the superior diagnostic power of the plasma than the urinary test (0.994 vs 0.945; P = 0.0095). Ratios of plasma 3-methoxytyramine to normetanephrine were 7.2-fold higher (P < 0.0001) for patients who had neuroblastomas with MYCN amplification than without MYCN amplification. Conclusions Measurements of plasma 3-methoxytyramine and normetanephrine provide a highly accurate diagnostic test for neuroblastoma and also offer potential for prognostic risk stratification

Globalisation and historiography of national leaders

In researching the construct of national leaders and their symbolic representation in school history textbooks we examine some of the taken-for-granted assumptions concerning nations, nationalism, and national identity. This will explain forces defining and constructing national leaders, and their perceived necessity in the nation-building process, both locally and globally