Avoiding power broadening in optically detected magnetic resonance of single NV defects for enhanced DC-magnetic field sensitivity

We report a systematic study of the magnetic field sensitivity of a magnetic sensor based on a single Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) defect in diamond, by using continuous optically detected electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. We first investigate the behavior of the ESR contrast and linewidth as a function of the microwave and optical pumping power. The experimental results are in good agreement with a simplified model of the NV defect spin dynamics, yielding to an optimized sensitivity around 2 \mu T/\sqrt{\rm Hz}. We then demonstrate an enhancement of the magnetic sensitivity by one order of magnitude by using a simple pulsed-ESR scheme. This technique is based on repetitive excitation of the NV defect with a resonant microwave \pi-pulse followed by an optimized read-out laser pulse, allowing to fully eliminate power broadening of the ESR linewidth. The achieved sensitivity is similar to the one obtained by using Ramsey-type sequences, which is the optimal magnetic field sensitivity for the detection of DC magnetic fields

High resolution spectroscopy of single NV defects coupled with nearby 13^{13}C nuclear spins in diamond

We report a systematic study of the hyperfine interaction between the electron spin of a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect in diamond and nearby $^{13}$C nuclear spins, by using pulsed electron spin resonance spectroscopy. We isolate a set of discrete values of the hyperfine coupling strength ranging from 14 MHz to 400 kHz and corresponding to $^{13}$C nuclear spins placed at different lattice sites of the diamond matrix. For each lattice site, the hyperfine interaction is further investigated through nuclear spin polarization measurements and by studying the magnetic field dependence of the hyperfine splitting. This work provides informations that are relevant for the development of nuclear-spin based quantum register in diamond.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Perfect preferential orientation of nitrogen-vacancy defects in a synthetic diamond sample

We show that the orientation of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defects in diamond can be efficiently controlled through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth on a (111)-oriented diamond substrate. More precisely, we demonstrate that spontaneously generated NV defects are oriented with a ~ 97 % probability along the [111] axis, corresponding to the most appealing orientation among the four possible crystallographic axes. Such a nearly perfect preferential orientation is explained by analyzing the diamond growth mechanism on a (111)-oriented substrate and could be extended to other types of defects. This work is a significant step towards the design of optimized diamond samples for quantum information and sensing applications.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Kualitas Fisik Silase Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum Purpureum) dengan Penambahan Air Tape Ketan

This study aims to determine how adding glutinous tapai water affects physical quality in the silage process of Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum). The method used in this study was a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) with 4 treatments and 3 repeats. The treatment used includes P0: tapai water 0%, P1: tapai water 3%, P2: tapai water 6%, P3: tapai water 9%. The study was conducted through several stages, including preparation of glutinous rice tapai water, preparation of elephant grass, making silage, observation of silage results carried out by respondents using questionnaires, and analysis.   The parameters of physical qualities observed include colour, aroma, texture and presence of mushroom. The results obtained are P3 treatment (the use of 9% tapai water) has a real effect on the colour, aroma, texture and presence of mushrooms. Respondents prefer silage with better P3 treatment than other treatments. The P3 treatment showed the absence of mushrooms, while in other treatments (P0, P1 and P2) silage fermented for 21 days showed the presence of mushrooms

Competition between electric field and magnetic field noise in the decoherence of a single spin in diamond

We analyze the impact of electric field and magnetic field fluctuations in the decoherence of the electronic spin associated with a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect in diamond by engineering spin eigenstates protected either against magnetic noise or against electric noise. The competition between these noise sources is analyzed quantitatively by changing their relative strength through modifications of the environment. This study provides significant insights into the decoherence of the NV electronic spin, which is valuable for quantum metrology and sensing applications.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, including supplementary information

PENGARUH METODE LAMA WAKTU PEMASAKAN SAGU SEP DAGING RUSA (Cervus timorensis) DENGAN CARA PENGUKUSAN DAN PENGOVENAN TERHADAP SUSUT MASAK DAN SIFAT ORGANOLEPTIK

The purpose of this to determine the cooking loss and organoleptic test of deer meat sago sep (Cervus timorensis) with different of cooking time. This research used a complete randomized design (RAK) which consists, 3 treatment and 3 replication. The treatment were I- C1 (cooking time for 40 minutes), treatment II-C2 (cooking time for 60 minutes) and treatment III-C3 (cooking time for 80 minutes). The parameters measured were cooking loss and organoleptic test on the aroma, color, flavor, texture and receptivity. The result of this research is cooking loss of steaming and baking on treatment C1 is better  average 13,11 and 5,65 ,however based on organoleptic test, the treatment C3 preferred by panelis. The cooking time on steaming and baking give a aroma, color, flavor, texture and acceptance significant effect (P<0,05)Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui susut masak dan sifat organoleptik sagu sep daging rusa (Cervus timorensis) dengan metode lama waktu pemasakan yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 2 metode, 3 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan I – C1 (lama pemasakan sagu sep daging rusa 40 menit), perlakuan II – C2 (lama pemasakan sagu sep daging rusa 60 menit), perlakuan III – C3 (lama pemasakan sagu sep daging rusa 80 menit). Parameter yang diamati adalah susut masak dengan cara pengukusan, pengovenan dan uji organoleptik (uji hedonik) terhadap aroma, warna, rasa, tekstur dan daya terima. Hasil susut masak pada pengukusan dan pengovenan pada perlakuan C1 dengan nilai rata-rata 13,11 dan 5,65, sedangkan dilihat dari tingkat kesukaan pada pengujian organoleptik (uji hedonik) sagu sep daging rusa perlakuan C3 dengan pemasakan 80 menit lebih disukai. Lama pemasakan pada pengukusan dan pengovenan terhadap aroma, warna, rasa, tekstur dan daya terima memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (P<0,05)

Discoloration of solutions containing Acid Green 16 using Fenton's reagent with sodium percarbonate

W badaniach zastosowano dwie modyfikacje odczynnika Fentona z nadwęglanem sodu (jako alternatywnym źródłem H2O2) przy zastosowaniu różnego rodzaju źródła Fe2+: FeSO4·7H2O oraz wiórków stalowych. Efektywność oczyszczania roztworów oceniano na podstawie analizy stężenia barwnika Acid Green 16 (zieleń kwasowa czysta V). W trakcie badań ustalano wpływ poszczególnych parametrów zmodyfikowanego procesu Fentona (wartości pH, dawki nadwęglanu sodu, zawartości jonów żelaza pochodzących z FeSO4 oraz z wiórków stalowych, czasu reakcji przy modyfikacji z siarczanem żelaza oraz czasu kontaktu przy modyfikacji z wiórkami stalowymi) na efektywność odbarwiania. Ponadto w przypadku układu z wiórkami stalowymi określano wpływ tzw. „dodatkowego czasu reakcji”, którym jest czas, po jakim alkalizowano próbki przefiltrowanych roztworów przez złoże wypełnione wiórkami. Wynosił on „0” (filtraty alkalizowano od razu po przefiltrowaniu), 10, 20 i 30 minut. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że obie modyfikacje odczynnika Fentona umożliwiły efektywne odbarwienie ścieków. W przypadku układu z zastosowaniem nadwęglanu sodu i siarczanu żelaza(II) najlepsze efekty otrzymano przy dawce nadwęglanu sodu = 350 mg/dm3, stosunku Fe2+ / nadwęglanu sodu = 0,4, czasie reakcji = 15 minut oraz pH = 3. W przypadku systemu z wiórkami stalowymi wymagana dawka nadwęglanu sodu do skutecznego usunięcia barwy wynosiła 600 mg/dm3 przy czasie kontaktu z wiórkami = 39,6 sekund i dodatkowym czasie reakcji = 0 minut (roztwory alkalizowane bezpośrednio po przefiltrowaniu), pH = 2 oraz wiórków o masie = 0,5 g.During the study two modifications Fenton reagent with sodium percarbonate (as an alternative source of H2O2) were used. There were using different kinds of sources of Fe2+ : FeSO4 and steel swarf. The efficiency of wastewater treatment was determined on the basis of the dye Acid Green 16 concentration. During the tests the influence of the individual parameters of modified Fenton process on the effectiveness of discoloration was examined (value of initial pH, dose of sodium percarbonate, the quantity of iron ions originating from FeSO4 or steel swarf, the reaction time - for modification sodium percarbonate-FeSO4 and so-called: additional reaction time for modification sodium percarbonate-steel swarf). The additional reaction time is the time after which the samples (of dye solution) filtered through the bed (filled with steel swarf) were alkalized. That time was equaled to "0" (filtrate was alkalized immediately after the filtration) 10, 20 and 30 minutes. The study showed that both modifications of Fenton reagent enabled effectively discolor the solutions. For a system with the sodium percarbonate and iron sulfate(II), the best results were obtained with a dose of sodium percarbonate = 350 mg/dm3, the ratio of Fe2+ / sodium percarbonate = 0.4, reaction time = 15 min, and pH = 3. In the case of systems with steel swarf, higher dose of sodium percarbonate was required to efficiently remove the color (600 mg/dm3), a contact time with swarf of 39.6 seconds, and additional reaction time = 0 minutes (solutions alkalized immediately after filtration), pH = 2, and quantity of swarf = 0.5 g