Maritime Indonesia and the Archipelagic Outlook; Some Reflections From a Multidisciplinary Perspective on Old Port Cities in Java

The present paper reflects on Indonesia\u27s status as an archipelagic state and a maritime nation from a historical perspective. It explores the background of a multi-year research project into Indonesia\u27s maritime past currently being undertaken at the Humanities Faculty of Universitas Indonesia. The multidisciplinary research uses toponymy, epigraphy, philology, and linguistic lines of analysis in examining old inscriptions and manuscripts and also includes site visits to a number of old port cities across the archipelago. We present here some of the core concepts behind the research such as the importance of the ancient port cities in a network of maritime trade and diplomacy, and link them to some contemporary issues such as the Archipelagic Outlook. This is based on a concept of territorial integrity that reflects Indonesia\u27s national identity and aspirations. It is hoped that the paper can extend the discussion about efforts to make maritime affairs a strategic geopolitical goal along with restoring Indonesia\u27s identity as a maritime nation

Ubiquitous Place Names Standardization and Study in Indonesia

Place names play a vital role in human society. Names exist in all languages and place names are an indispensible part of International communication. This has been acknowledged by the establishment of the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN). One of UNGEGN's tasks is to coordinate International efforts on the proper use of place names. Indonesia supports this effort and through its National Geospatial Agency (BIG). Place names are also of interest as an object of study in themselves. Academic studies into place names are found in linguistics, onomastics, philosophy and a number of other academic disciplines. This article looks at these two dimensions of place names, standardization efforts under the auspices of International and national bodies, and academic studies of names, with particular reference to the situation in Indonesia

Willis and the generic turn in nursing

Over the past months a series of articles in the journal have drawn attention to concerns about aspects of the quality of nursing care in the UK (Paley, 2013; Darbyshire, 2013; Rolfe and Gardner, 2014; Roberts and Ion, 2014). Jackson et al.’s (2014) recent review of the whistleblowing literature indicates that these concerns are more widespread. This view is echoed by Ion et al. (2015) who noted that student nurses from across the world encountered poor practice while on placement. In the UK this has led to a good deal of reflection with some arguing that the problem is a function of chronic under funding of health services and a workforce which is understaffed (Randall and Mckeown, 2014). For others, the issue is tied to the way in which nurses are educated. This is the view taken by Lord Willis whose Shape of Caring report was published in March (Willis, 2015)

Lipid content and biomass analysis in autotrophic and heterotrophic algal species

Biofuels are a form of renewable energy derived from living matter, typically plants. The push for biofuels began in order to decrease the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere, as biofuels are essentially carbon neutral. The idea is the same amount of CO2 the plants took in to perform photosynthesis will then be released in the burning of the biofuels. Algae is an excellent source of biofuels because it grows quickly and is versatile in terms of the type of fuel it can produce. The two most common mechanisms for algae growth are heterotrophic or photoautotrophic. Heterotrophically grown algae uses an exogenous energy source, such as glucose, and uses the energy stored in it to perform cellular functions. Glucose also serves as a source of carbon and hydrogen, which are the primary elements found in lipids. In addition heterotrophic algae requires other nutrients for survival, such as water, vitamins, and inorganic ions. Algae grown photoautotrophically uses pigments in cellular photoreceptors to convert energy from light into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), an energy source, and to produce glucose. It also requires water, vitamins, and inorganic ions like the heterotrophic algae does. Some algal species, such as Chlorella zofingiensis, can be grown both photoautotrophically and heterotrophically. This algae species will be the subject of our experiment. Our experiment seeks to discover the most efficient way of growing algae to produce the highest amount of lipids. In addition to serving as a key component of cell and organelle membranes, lipids are a common form of high efficiency, long-term energy storage for living organisms, which is why lipids are extracted and processed to form biofuels. We propose growing one species of algae photoautotrophically by providing it with proper amounts of light but eliminating any glucose available. We will also grow the same species heterotrophically, with exogenous access to glucose, but eliminating all exposure to light sources. Finally, we will grow the same species mixotrophically with access to both glucose and light. Once the algae is grown, it will be harvested and analyzed for its lipid profile to determine which algae sample has the highest percent lipid content. We will also measure the percent biomass of each sample to determine which primary energy source leads to the greatest amount of total algal growth, percent organic material, and percent lipid content. We predict the algae grown with access to both sunlight and exogenous glucose will produce both the highest lipid content and the highest percent of biomass

Reevaluasi Konsep Pemilah Bahasa dan Dialek untuk Bahasa Nusantara

Even today, there is disagreement among experts over how many languages and dialects there are in Indonesia. The methodological tools for classifying languages consist of mapping isoglosses, dialectometry, and measures of mutual intelligibility. The present article surveys the methodology used in N = 129 researches performed over the last 50 years and finds that researchers based their conclusions about languages and dialects predominantly on isoglosses while dialectometry and mutual intelligibility were much less used. It is also suggested that these three research methods be reevaluated in the light of the multilingual situation in Indonesia. We could possibly get better results with the isogloss method if we reconsidered the criteria for degree of sound similarity and the criteria for bundling isoglosses. For dialectometry, we should consider modifying the current percentages used to distinguish language-dialect divisions. For establishing mutual intelligibility, the factors that could be reassessed include techniques of testing, the procedures for choosing test-points and reference-points, and the criteria for choosing valid texts for testing.&nbsp

ASYMMETRY IN FRONTCRAWL SWIMMING WITH AND WITHOUT HAND PADDLES

The aim of this study was to determine whether asymmetry exists in underwater front crawl stroking patterns with and without hand paddles. Six senior national level male swimmers performed trials at 100m race pace, with and without large (480cm2) hand paddles. Underwater motions for both right and left arms were filmed from the front and sides using three gen-locked video cameras and the video recordings were digitised at 50Hz to give three-dimensional coordinate data for a three segment model of the arm. The use of hand paddles significantly altered key temporal and kinematic features of the front crawl arm stroke for the left and right sides of the body. Specifically, the paddles increased time to complete the upsweep phase of the stroke on both sides. The paddles significantly reduced backward hand displacement on the left and right sides and altered the depth and lateral displacement of the stroke on the right side. Depth of stroke and elbow angle was also different without paddles on the right side and indicated asymmetry in technique, perhaps related to preferred breathing side

Requirements and test results for the qualification of thermal control coatings

Paint type coatings are often used as engineering materials in critical satellite temperature control applications. The functional features of coatings used for temperature control purposes must remain stable throughout the satellite manufacturing process and the satellite mission. The selection of a particular coating depends on matching coating characteristics to mission requirements. The use of paint coatings on satellites, although having an extensive history, requires that the paint be qualified to each application on an individual basis. Thus, the qualification process through testing serves to ensure that paint coatings as engineering materials will fulfill design requirements

ACTIVATION AND CONTRIBUTION OF TRUNK AND LEG MUSCULATURE TO FORCE PRODUCTION DURING ON-WATER SPRINT KAYAK PERFORMANCE

Velocity production during sprint kayaking has been shown to be dependent on the magnitude of forces produced during the stroke cycle. However, while the importance of the upper body in force production has been promoted by previous research, the importance of the trunk and lower body are yet to be established. Eight international level paddlers completed 5 on-water sprint trials during which paddle force and trunk and leg muscle activations were recorded. Significant correlations (

ASYMMETRIC LOADING DURING THE HANG POWER CLEAN - THE EFFECT THAT SIDE DOMINANCE HAS ON BARBELL POWER SYMMETRY

The vertical ground reaction force (GRF) of both feet and bar end kinematics were recorded using force platforms and high speed video simultaneously during hang power clean (HPC) performance with typical training intensities, in order to determine whether perceived handedness and ground kinetic asymmetry influenced bar end kinematics. There were significant differences between the GRF when side dominance was determined from GRF asymmetries (p≤0.05), but not when determined by perceived handedness. Similarly, there were significant differences between bar end power outputs when they were determined according to bar end asymmetries but not when determined by perceived handedness or GRF asymmetry. These results suggest mechanisms other than ground kinetic asymmetries influence bar end power output symmetry

THE EFFECTS OF ADIDAS POWERWEB COMPRESSION SHORTS ON MUSCLE OSCILLATION AND DROP JUMP PERFORMANCE

Adidas compression garment with PowerWeb technology was used in this study to explore the effects on athletic performance and influence on muscle oscillation during a drop jump task. Six male subjects performed 3 drop jumps under 2 conditions, bare leg (control condition) and PowerWeb compression shorts. Three dimensional kinematic data were collected using Vicon Motus software sampling at 500 Hz and force data with a Kistler force plate using Bioware software sampling at 500 Hz. Two-tailed paired sample t-test‘s were conducted to discover significant differences in muscle oscillation, maximum peak ground reaction force (GRF), peak vertical loading rate (PVLR) and jump height. Wearing PowerWeb compression shorts showed an improvement in jump height with an increase of 6.9 mm, although subjects experienced an extra 1 BW of force during landing