О механизме сольватации ионов и радиусах сольватированных ионов галогеноводородов в н-спиртах

На основе предложенной модификации двухслойной модели Абрахама и Лиси рассчитаны эффективные радиусы (rᵢ) и величины изменения энергии Гиббса сольватации (ΔcGᵢ⁰) для бромид-, иодид-ионов и ионов Н⁺ в ряду н-спиртов от метанола до октанола при 5-55°С. Показано, что данная модификация согласуется с механизмом сольватации ионов, который сводится к уменьшению свободной энергии системы за счет нейтрализации заряда иона и перераспределения заряда с окружающими молекулами растворителя.Modification of double-layer model Abraham-Liszi is offered by authors both effective radii (rᵢ) and values of changes of Gibbs energy solvation (ΔcGᵢ⁰) for bromide- and iodide-ions in a series of primary alcohols from methanol to octanol are calculated at 278.15-328.15 K on the basis of this modification. The latter consider the mechanism of ions solvation better. This mechanism takes into account reduction of a free energy of system at the expense of neutralization of an ion charge and redistribution of a charge with environmental solvent molecules

Разработка модуля защищённого документооборота с использованием гибридной криптосистемы

This article describes the process of creation hybrid cryptosystem. Also considered the creation of extensions for the browser

EFFICIENCY OF «AB INTERNO» TRABECULECTOMY USING THE «TRABECTOME» OPERATING SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA AND CATARACT

Purpose.  To study dynamics of intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and cataract patients after «ab interno» trabeculectomy with the use of the «Trabectome» system. Material and methods. There were operated 52 patients (63 eyes) with open-angle glaucoma. The IOP level was determined using the Maklakov tonometer before operation and 1 week, 2 weeks, 3-5, 6-8, 9-12, 13-26, 27 and more weeks after operation. Results.  In patients with cataract and glaucoma the mean IOP before operation was 26.1±3.23mmHg and after operation – 20.5±3.23mmHg in the mean follow-up 173± 170.2 days. Conclusions. «Ab interno» trabeculectomy with the use of the «Trabectome» operating system allowed to decrease the IOP by 21.5% in glaucoma patients. It is possible because of microinvasive removal of the trabecular tissue as the main reason for a resistance to the aqueous humor outflow in open-angle glaucoma patients

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma Controls Mature Brown Adipocyte Inducibility through Glycerol Kinase.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been suggested as the master regulators of adipose tissue formation. However, their role in regulating brown fat functionality has not been resolved. To address this question, we generated mice with inducible brown fat-specific deletions of PPARα, β/δ, and γ, respectively. We found that both PPARα and β/δδ are dispensable for brown fat function. In contrast, we could show that ablation of PPARγ in vitro and in vivo led to a reduced thermogenic capacity accompanied by a loss of inducibility by β-adrenergic signaling, as well as a shift from oxidative fatty acid metabolism to glucose utilization. We identified glycerol kinase (Gyk) as a partial mediator of PPARγ function and could show that Gyk expression correlates with brown fat thermogenic capacity in human brown fat biopsies. Thus, Gyk might constitute the link between PPARγ-mediated regulation of brown fat function and activation by β-adrenergic signaling

The relationship between ingroup identity and Paranoid ideation among people from African and African Caribbean backgrounds.

OBJECTIVES: People from ethnic minority groups experience higher rates of paranoid delusions compared with people from ethnic majority groups. Identifying with social groups has been shown to protect against mental health symptoms; however, no studies have investigated the relationship between social identification and paranoia in ethnic minority populations. Here, we investigated the association between British identification and paranoia in a sample of people from African and African Caribbean backgrounds living in the United Kingdom. We also assessed the role of potential mediating (self-esteem and locus of control) and moderating (contact with White British people) factors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional quantitative survey design. METHODS: We recruited 335 people from African and African Caribbean backgrounds who completed online self-report measures of identification with Great Britain, self-esteem, locus of control, positive and negative contact with White British people, and paranoia. RESULTS: A parallel moderated mediation model indicated that British identification was associated with lower paranoia when participants experienced primarily positive contact with White British people. British identification was associated with higher paranoia when participants had primarily negative contact with White British people. Both effects were mediated by changes in locus of control, but self-esteem was not implicated in either pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Identification with the majority culture is associated both positively and negatively with paranoid beliefs depending on the types of social interactions people experience. The findings have implications for preventative social prescribing initiatives and for understanding the causes of the high rates of psychosis in ethnic minority populations. PRACTITIONER POINTS: People from African and African Caribbean backgrounds experience high rates of paranoia, which may stem from social causes such as lack of belonging and negative social experiences. Among people from African backgrounds living in the UK, British identification is associated with lower paranoia when people's social experiences with White British people are positive and higher paranoia when their social experiences with White British people are negative. It is recommended that social interventions designed to reduce paranoia in vulnerable groups foster positive social contact and community belonging, which should enhance feelings of personal control. Understanding the complex interplay between social identity and social contact in the development of paranoia may help therapists and researchers better understand the phenomenology and risk factors of paranoid symptomology

Obtaining high resolution thermograms

W artykule przedstawiono sposób uzyskania termogramów z kamery wyposażonej w teleobiektyw, pozwalający uzyskać rozdzielczość 16-krotnie większą od standardowego. Korzystając z kamery o matrycy 320x240 pikseli uzyskano termogram o rozdzielczości 1,3 MPix w sposób zbliżony do tworzenia zdjęć typu panorama. Zautomatyzowany pomiar uzyskano przy pomocy precyzyjnej dwuosiowej obrotnicy, na której zainstalowano kamerę. Opracowano aplikację w środowisku LabVIEW z wykorzystaniem sterownika CompactRIO Real-Time Controller. W artykule przedstawione zostały wyniki działania programu.The highest-resolution of matrices in thermovision cameras are 0.3 Mpix. One company offers a camera with a resolution of 1280x960 (1.3 megapixel) which was achieved by installing matrix on the micro-positioner. The paper describes how to obtain thermal images from a camera equipped with telephoto field of view 16-fold greater than the standard lens and shows a distortion correction process which exists in the lenses. Using the camera with a matrix of 320x240 pixels there was obtained a thermogram with a 1.3 megapixel camera in a similar way to creation of panorama images. The automated measurement was obtained using a biaxial turntable on which the camera was installed. There was worked out the application in LabVIEW environment with use of a controller CompactRIO Real-Time Controller for controlling stepper motors. The application allows connecting sequences of thermograms. The composed thermograms can be analyzed by the software that come with the camera. The results of the program running are presented in the paper

Measurement station for technical condition diagnostic of boiler tubes

W artykule przedstawiono stanowisko, które zostało zbudowane w celu opracowania metody diagnostycznej pomiaru grubości ścianek rur kotłowych, z wykorzystaniem termografii aktywnej. Przedstawione zostały aktualne metody weryfikacji grubości. Zostały wykonane eksperymenty, których serie pomiarowe zostały zaprezentowane a także możliwości wykorzystania opracowanej metody.This paper presents the measurement station that has been built in order to develop a diagnostic method wall thickness of boiler tubes, using active thermography. Authors show the current state of the verification of thickness measurement methods. The first series of test and their results is presented and analyzed, and the possibility of this method usage is discussed

Reconstruction of high-resolution thermal images on the basis of standard thermal images

W artykule przedstawiono metodę uzyskania termogramów o wysokiej rozdzielczości wykorzystującą sekwencję termogramów przesuniętych podpikselowo. W artykule została opisana metodologia uzyskiwania termogramów. Opisana został użyta aparatura oraz zbudowane stanowisko do uzyskiwania termogramów. Zaprezentowane zostały wyniki jakie uzyskano przy użyciu zastosowanej metody.This paper presents a method for obtaining high-resolution thermal images based on thermal images of low resolution. A series of low-resolution images was made using the shifted pixels method. In the paper there are described the most common methods for reconstructing high resolution images from low-resolution images. They use transformations in the frequency domain which combine the discrete Fourier transform coefficients of low-resolution images with the continuous Fourier transform of an unknown high-resolution image. There is described and implemented the reconstruction method that uses transformations in space - iterative back-projection. There was constructed a stand for obtaining thermograms. It contains a thermal imaging camera VarioCAM Head placed on precision guiding devices (rotation stage and linear stage). The real-time controller - cRIO 9022 with software written in LabVIEW 2009 is used for control of turntable motors and a linear displacement system. There are given the results obtained with use of the presented method