COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PARENTS AND CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS WITH AUTISM IN UNDERSTANDING THE PROBLEM OF WORSHIP

Ibadah merupakan kewajiban bagi setiap pemeluk agama. Ibadah menjangkau semua lapisan dan kondisi masyarakat, termasuk anak autis. Masalahnya, anak autis terkenal sulit berkomunikasi, karena berbeda dengan teman normalnya. Untuk itu diperlukan perlakuan khusus dari orang tua agar komunikasi dapat berjalan dengan baik dan tercapai tujuan komunikasi dalam hal ini untuk beribadah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana orang tua berkomunikasi dengan anak autis dan hasil dari komunikasi ini dalam hal ini adalah menanamkan kesadaran akan kewajiban beribadah kepada anak autis. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Karakteristik subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah dua orang tua yang memiliki anak dengan gangguan autis ringan, beragama Islam dan juga kerabat peneliti. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara sebagai metode utama dan observasi sebagai metode pendukung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi interpersonal dan instruksional merupakan komunikasi yang dominan dilakukan dengan menggunakan bahasa verbal. Pengajaran ibadah dilakukan dengan cara memberikan keteladanan kepada anak dengan kesabaran dan tindakan persuasif. Orang tua juga terkadang memaklumi anaknya jika keadaannya sangat tidak memungkinkan untuk diminta atau diajak beribadah

MANAJEMEN PONDOK PESANTREN AL-ISMAILIYUN DALAM KEGIATAN DAKWAH DI MASYARAKAT DESA SUKADAMAI KECAMATAN NATAR LAMPUNG SELATAN

Sistem belajar “Pondok Pesantren” sudah menjadi tradisi masyarakat sukadamai semenjak dibukannya tanah perkampungan Sukadamai sampai sekarang. Pondok pesantren Al-Ismailiyun merupakan lembaga Dakwah yang memiliki pengaruh besar dalam Kegiatan Dakwah kepada masyarakat, nuansa keagamaan di Desa Sukadamai juga masih terasa sangat kental, dan pondok pesantren Al-Ismailiyun telah menjadi bagian dari masyarakat sukadamai yang istiqomah dalam menjaga dan melestarikan nilai-nilai Islam dan budaya religious. Kegiatan Dakwah yang dilakukan di pondok pesantren Al-Ismailiyun mengajak masyarakat sukadamai ke arah yang lebih baik, sehingga masyarakat sukadamai merespon, mendukung, dan memberikan support dengan kegiatan Dakwah yang dilakukan pondok pesantren al-ismailiyun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Manajemen Pondok Pesantren Al-Ismailiyun dalam Kegiatan Dakwah di Masyarakat Desa Sukadamai. Berdasarkan tempat penelitian, penelitian yang dilakukan penulis merupakan penelitian lapangan (Field Research). Penelitian ini bersifat Deskriptif. Adapun yang menjadi populasi dalam penelitian adalah berjumlah 3.500 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik non random sampling, dalam penelitian ini penulis mengambil 10 % dari jumlah populasi 350 orang, sedangkan informan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu: 1 orang pimpinan pondok pesantren, 3 ustadz pondok pesantren, 2 orang (Tokoh agama & Tokoh masyarakat). Metode pengumpulan Data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Wawancara, Observasi, Dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman yaitu: Reduksi Data, Model data ( data display), penarikan/verifikasi kesimpulan. Manajemen pondok pesantren AlIsmailiyun dalam kegiatan dakwah di masyarakat dilakukan melalui fungsi manajemen yaitu perencanaan seperti membagi wewenang dan tugas terhadap ustadz pondok pesantren dalam melaksanakan kewajiban, lalu pengorganisasian dengan mengelompokan kegiatan dakwah yang sudah direncanakan, selanjutnya pelaksanaan kegiatan di masyarakat berbentuk safari ramadhan, pengajian thoriqoh, rutinan sholawatan, gebyar ismailiyun scout festival, pengajian peringatan hari besar islam, wisuda sarjana, zakat, dan fungsi pengawasan dengan ditemukannya beberapa faktor pendukung dan penghambat

Determinants of intention to consume dibiterie meat towards the risks of non-communicable diseases in the Dakar region, Senegal

The general opinion and current scientific evidence highlight the link between red meat consumption and the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). We explored the determinants of the intention to consume red meat in relation to the risks of developing NCDs in Senegal with a special focus on popular "dibiterie" meat (braised meat) consumed in Dakar, Senegal. Building on the theory of planned behaviour as a theoretical framework, we used a structured questionnaire to collect data on the knowledge of consumers regarding the risk of NCDs from consuming meat. The survey involved 478 people randomly selected from households in the Dakar region. Data collected was analysed by performing the calculation of the dibiterie meat quantities consumed and frequencies of consumption, analyses of the principal components, binary logistic regression, and multiple hierarchical regression. Results show that dibiterie meat is mainly a dietary supplement for the population. The convenience, the social pressure, and quality indicators such as producer expertise and health perceived a link between meat consumption and NCDs; gender and age predicted the intention to consume dibiterie meat in the households of the Dakar region. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of incentive-based interventions aiming to promote a balanced diet and healthy eating habits. Nutrition education and the use of social media have been raised as important in risky meat consumption behaviour change

Improved performance of organic solar cells by growth optimization of MoO3/CuI double-anode buffer

We investigated the effect of a CuI anode buffer layer (ABL) on the molecular orientation of the copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) in organic photovoltaic cells (OPV cells), and we compare it to the effect of MoO3 buffer layer. While, in the presence of CuI, the CuPc molecules lie down parallel to the substrate, they stand up perpendicular in the case of MoO3. We show that the optical absorption, the morphology, and the JV characteristics of the OPV cells depends strongly on the orientation of the CuPc molecules. The improvement of the OPV cells performance is related to the property modifications induced by the change in molecule orientation. We show that the improvement of the OPV cell performance through the templating effect of CuI depends strongly on the deposition rate of the CuI, because the CuI thin-film morphology depends on this deposition rate. In this context, we show that the use of a double-ABL MoO3/CuI leads to a significant improvement of the cell performance. These results are discussed on the basis of the dual function of MoO3 and CuI. While both of them reduce the hole-injection barrier, CuI improves the CuPc film absorbance through specific molecular order and MoO3 prevents the OPV cells from leakage-path formation

Use of Cu–Ag bi-layer films in oxide/metal/oxide transparent electrodes to widen their spectra of transmittance

Original ZnO/Cu/Ag/MoO3 multilayer structures were deposited under vacuum. The optical transmittance spectrum of these structures is significantly broadened by using a double layer as metal interlayer. While the thickness of Ag was 6 nm, that of Cu was used as parameter. The highest averaged transmittance, 88% between 400 and 700 nm is obtained with the structure ZnO (20 nm)/ Cu (3 nm)/Ag (6 nm)/ MoO3. However, a better factor of merit is achieved, ΦM=16×10−3, when the Cu thickness is 4 nm, making that these innovative ZnO/Cu/Ag/MoO3 structures are very promising for use as substitute to ITO electrodes

Effect of a zinc oxide, at the cathode interface, on the efficiency of inverted organic photovoltaic cells based on the CuPc/C60 couple

The effect of ZnO buffer layer on the performances of inverted multilayers organic solar cells has been studied. ZnO:Al conductive films and insulating ZnO films deposited by spin coating have been probed. The ZnO buffer layer has been introduced between the ITO cathode and the Organic acceptor. The cells are based on the multilayer junctions bathocuproine/fullerene/copper phthalocyanine. The organic photovoltaic cells performances improvement depends of the ZnO layer introduced. ZnO:Al conductive layers decreases the potential barrier at the interface cathode/organic. This allows decreasing the series resistance which improves significantly the cell efficiency. Insulating ZnO increases only slightly the solar cells performance by increasing significantly the shunt resistance and therefore the open circuit voltage of the cells

MoO3/Ag/MoO3 anode in organic photovoltaic cells: Influence of the presence of a CuI buffer layer between the anode and the electron donor

MoO3/Ag/MoO3 (MAM) multilayer structures (layers thickness 20 nm/10nm/35 nm) are used as anode in CuPc/C60/Alq3/Al organic photovoltaic cells. The averaged transmittance (400 nm-800 nm) of these MoO3/Ag/MoO3 multilayer structures is 70%62% and their sheet resistance is 3.5 61.0 X/sq. When these multilayer structures are used as anode, the power conversion efficiency of the MoO3/Ag/MoO3/CuPc/C60/Alq3/Al cells is around 1%, this efficiency is increased of 50% when a thin CuI film (3 nm) is introduced at the interface between the anode and the organic film. This improvement is attributed to the templating effect of CuI on the CuPc molecule

Europium-Magnesium-Aluminum-Based Mixed-Metal Oxides as Highly Active Methane Oxychlorination Catalysts

Methane oxychlorination (MOC) is a promising reaction for the production of liquefied methane derivatives. Even though catalyst design is still in its early stages, the general trend is that benchmark catalyst materials have a redox-active site, with, e.g., Cu2+, Ce4+, and Pd2+ as prominent showcase examples. However, with the identification of nonreducible LaOCl moiety as an active center for MOC, it was demonstrated that a redox-active couple is not a requirement to establish a high activity. In this work, we show that Mg2+-Al3+-based mixed-metal oxide (MMO) materials are highly active and stable MOC catalysts. The synergistic interaction between Mg2+ and Al3+ could be exploited due to the fact that a homogeneous distribution of the chemical elements was achieved. This interaction was found to be crucial for the unexpectedly high MOC activity, as reference MgO and γ-Al2O3 materials did not show any significant activity. Operando Raman spectroscopy revealed that Mg2+ acted as a chlorine buffer and subsequently as a chlorinating agent for Al3+, which was the active metal center in the methane activation step. The addition of the redox-active Eu3+ to the nonreducible Mg2+-Al3+ MMO catalyst enabled further tuning of the catalytic performance and made the EuMg3Al MMO catalyst one of the most active MOC catalyst materials reported so far. Combined operando Raman/luminescence spectroscopy revealed that the chlorination behavior of Mg2+ and Eu3+ was correlated, suggesting that Mg2+ also acted as a chlorinating agent for Eu3+. These results indicate that both redox activity and synergistic effects between Eu, Mg, and Al are required to obtain high catalytic performance. The importance of elemental synergy and redox properties is expected to be translatable to the oxychlorination of other hydrocarbons, such as light alkanes, due to large similarities in catalytic chemistry

Optimized Spatial Correlations for Broadband Light Trapping Nanopatterns in High Efficiency Ultrathin Film a-Si:H Solar Cells

Nanophotonic structures have attracted attention for light trapping in solar cells with the potential to manage and direct light absorption on the nanoscale. While both randomly textured and nanophotonic structures have been investigated, the relationship between photocurrent and the spatial correlations of random or designed surfaces has been unclear. Here we systematically design pseudorandom arrays of nanostructures based on their power spectral density, and correlate the spatial frequencies with measured and simulated photocurrent. The integrated cell design consists of a patterned plasmonic back reflector and a nanostructured semiconductor top interface, which gives broadband and isotropic photocurrent enhancement

On the influence of the exciton-blocking layer on the organic multilayer cells properties

The performances of organic photovoltaic cells based on the layer couple electron donor/electron acceptor (ED/EA) are significantly improved when an exciton blocking layer (EBL) is inserted between the organic acceptor and the cathode. A new material, the (Z)-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-3-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one, that we called (CBBTZ), has been synthesized, characterized and probed as EBL. The energy levels corresponding to the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the CBBTZ have been determined from the first oxidation and reduction potential respectively, using cyclic voltametric (CV) measurements. From CV curves, CBBTZ in dichloromethane showed a one electron reversible reduction and oxidation waves. The values of its HOMO and LUMO have been estimated to be 6.42 eV and 3.42 eV respectively. Such values show that CBBTZ could be probed as EBL in organic solar cells based on the ED/EA couple copper phthalocyanine(CuPc)/fullerene (C60). The photovoltaic solar cells have been obtained by sequential deposition under vacuum of the different films. The different thin film thicknesses were measured in situ by a quartz monitor. Multilayer solar cells ITO/Au/CuPc/C60/EBL/Al have been probed, where EBL is the aluminium tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) (Alq3), the CBBTZ, the 2-(4-byphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-buthylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (butyl PBD) or the bathocuproine (BCP). The optimum film thickness is 8–9 nm whatever the EBL used. When obtained in the same run, the averaged efficiency of the cells using the CBBTZ is of the same order of magnitude than that obtained with BCP and higher than that achieved with Alq3 or butyl PBD. It is shown by XPS study that some aluminium of the cathode is present in the buffer layer. This aluminium could justify the ability of the electrons to cross the insulating exciton blocking layer thick of 9 nm