Intrapartum Pubic Symphysis Disruption

During pregnancy, high progesterone and relaxin levels produce physiological ligament relaxation on the pelvis. Therefore, moderate pubic symphysis and sacroiliac joints relaxing provide birth canal widening, thereby facilitating vaginal delivery. Sometimes, functional pain or pelvic instability may occur during pregnancy or puerperium, which is defined as symptomatic pelvic girdle relaxation. In rare cases, a pubic symphysis disruption can occur during the labor, causing severe pain and functional limitations. The early recognition of this injury is crucial to prevent complications and improve clinical and functional outcomes. This study reports an acute symphyseal disruption resulting from childbirth in a primiparous patient who underwent open reduction and internal fixation with plate and screws. After a 6 months follow‑up, the patient presented no pain and satisfactory functional recovery.Keywords: Pelvis, Pelvis fracture, Pregnancy, Pubic symphysis, Pubic symphysis diastasi

Movement of biological systems on different environments

This paper describes the movement of biological systems on different kinds of environments, which was simulated with the aid of a digital computer plotter. The biological system is represented by two areas Aa and Ad, called the feeding and discard areas respectively, and separated by a constant distance d. Each triplet (Aa,Ad,d) determines the position of M with respect to E, and the consecutive positions determine the movement of the biological system. The possible movements of the biological system vary according to the areas, the spaces to be covered, the rules that govern the succession of states, etc. The plotter makes it possible to visualize these motions, so that many different interactions between M and E may be studied. It also becomes possible to determine other important parameters, such as the general direction taken by the system M, the width of its path, the distance between successive states, the possibility of environmental regeneration, etc. Therefore, this line of work contributes not only to theoretical biomathematics, but also to a wide variety of practical applications. © 1979