Hypoxic induction of interleukin-8 gene expression in human endothelial cells.

This is the published version. Copyright 1994 American Society for Clinical Investigation.Because leukocyte-mediated tissue damage is an important component of the pathologic picture in ischemia/reperfusion, we have sought mechanisms by which PMNs are directed into hypoxic tissue. Incubation of human endothelial cells (ECs) in hypoxia, PO2 approximately 14-18 Torr, led to time-dependent release of IL-8 antigen into the conditioned medium; this was accompanied by increased chemotactic activity for PMNs, blocked by antibody to IL-8. Production of IL-8 by hypoxic ECs occurred concomitantly with both increased levels of IL-8 mRNA, based on polymerase chain reaction analysis, and increased IL-8 transcription, based on nuclear run-on assays. Northern analysis of mRNA from hypoxic ECs also demonstrated increased levels of mRNA for macrophage chemotactic protein-1, another member of the chemokine superfamily of proinflammatory cytokines. IL-8 gene induction was associated with the presence of increased binding activity in nuclear extracts from hypoxic ECs for the NF-kB site. Studies with human umbilical vein segments exposed to hypoxia also demonstrated increased elaboration of IL-8 antigen compared with normoxic controls. In mice exposed to hypoxia (PO2 approximately 30-40 Torr), there was increased pulmonary leukostasis, as evidenced by increased myeloperoxidase activity in tissue homogenates. In parallel, increased levels of transcripts for IP-10, a murine homologue in the chemokine family related to IL-8, were observed in hypoxic lung tissue. Taken together, these data suggest that hypoxia constitutes a stimulus for leukocyte chemotaxis and tissue leukostasis

Selected serum biochemical parameters and acute phase protein levels in a herd of Saanen goats showing signs of pregnancy toxaemia

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to examine selected serum biochemical parameters and acute phase protein levels in a herd of Saanen goats showing signs of pregnancy toxaemia. Seventy five female goats were used and divided into three groups. Group 1 (n = 57) (blood serum glucose levels were within the physiological range), Group 2 (n = 11) (serum glucose values were low) and Group 3 (n = 7) (serum glucose values were high). Goats in Groups 2 and 3 were diagnosed with pregnancy toxaemia. Apart from serum glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), triglycerides, blood pH, calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), potassium (K), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured in all animals. In Group 3 average Hp and SAA values were found to be significantly (P < 0.001) higher than in Groups 1 and 2, and also higher in Group 2 than in Group 1. Acute phase proteins in goats with pregnancy toxaemia may be used in the course and the prognosis of the disease. The evaluation of acute phase proteins is useful and also quicker in cases of suspected pregnancy intoxication

Oxygen-regulated transcription factors and their role in pulmonary disease

The transcription factors nuclear factor interleukin-6 (NF-IL6), early growth response-1 (EGR-1) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) have important roles in the molecular pathophysiology of hypoxia-associated pulmonary disease. NF-IL6 controls the production of interleukin (IL)-6 in vascular endothelial cells, which may have anti-inflammatory activity by counteracting effects of IL-1 and IL-8. EGR-1 controls the production of tissue factor by macrophages, which triggers fibrin deposition in the pulmonary vasculature. HIF-1 activates the expression of the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 in vascular endothelial cells. Angiotensin II induces HIF-1 expression and hypertrophy of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. HIF-1 might therefore have multiple roles in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular remodeling

Schuldig landschap. Over de toeristische aantrekkingskracht van Baantjer, Wallander en Inspector Morse

De opnamelokaties van tv-detectives genieten een toenemende populariteit onder toeristen. In dit artikel wordt, op basis van een tekstuele analyse van ‘Baantjer’, ‘Inspector Morse’ en ‘Wallander’, onderzocht welke inhoudelijke kenmerken van deze tv-detectives mogelijk als ‘trigger’ fungeren. Uit de analyse blijkt dat plaats en beweging een centrale rol vervullen binnen de narratieve structuur van dit genre. Door zelf de lokaties te bezoeken, kunnen toeristen het spoor nalopen van hun geliefde detective om aldaar, vanuit een veilige positie, tijdelijk op te gaan in het schemergebied tussen fictie en werkelijkheid

Dry Needling for Spine Related Disorders: a Scoping Review

Introduction/Background: The depth and breadth of research on dry needling (DN) has not been evaluated specifically for symptomatic spine related disorders (SRD) from myofascial trigger points (TrP), disc, nerve and articular structures not due to serious pathologies. Current literature appears to support DN for treatment of TrP. Goals of this review include identifying research published on DN treatment for SRD, sites of treatment and outcomes studied. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following Levac et al.’s five part methodological framework to determine the current state of the literature regarding DN for patients with SRD. Results: Initial and secondary search strategies yielded 55 studies in the cervical (C) region (71.43%) and 22 in the thoracolumbar-pelvic (TLP) region (28.57%). Most were randomized controlled trials (60% in C, 45.45% in TLP) and clinical trials (18.18% in C, 22.78% in TLP). The most commonly treated condition was TrP for both the C and TLP regions. In the C region, DN was provided to 23 different muscles, with the trapezius as treatment site in 41.88% of studies. DN was applied to 31 different structures in the TLP region. In the C region, there was one treatment session in 23 studies (41.82%) and 2–6 treatments in 25 (45.45%%). For the TLP region, one DN treatment was provided in 8 of the 22 total studies (36.36%) and 2–6 in 9 (40.9%). The majority of experimental designs had DN as the sole intervention. For both C and TLP regions, visual analogue scale, pressure pain threshold and range of motion were the most common outcomes. Conclusion: For SRD, DN was primarily applied to myofascial structures for pain or TrP diagnoses. Many outcomes were improved regardless of diagnosis or treatment parameters. Most studies applied just one treatment which may not reflect common clinical practice. Further research is warranted to determine optimal treatment duration and frequency. Most studies looked at DN as the sole intervention. It is unclear whether DN alone or in addition to other treatment procedures would provide superior outcomes. Functional outcome tools best suited to tracking the outcomes of DN for SRD should be explored.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12998-020-00310-

Treatment of calcium oxalate cristalluria with potassium citrate and vitamine B_6 in a dog

Bu çalışmanın materyalini 7 kg ağırlığında 10 aylık terrier ırkı bir köpek oluşturdu. Anamnezde köpeğin bir haftadır oldukça durgun olduğu ve idrar yaparken zorlandığı öğrenildi. Ultrasonografik muayenede idrar kesesinde bol miktarda, hiperekojen görüntü veren kristal ve idrar kesesi duvarında kalınlaşma tespit edildi. Sistosentez ile alınan idrarın mikrobiyolojik ve biyokimyasal kontrolleri yapıldı. Sistosentezden sonra hasta obstrüksiyon olup olmadığını tespit amacı ile sondalandı. İdrar muayenesinde dansite 1.020, pH 6 bulundu. İdrarın mikroskopİk muayenesinde bol miktarda kalsiyum okzalat kristali, 3-4 kalsiyum okzalat kristali kümesi görüldü. İdrar kültüründe üreme olmadı. Sağaltım amacı ile 200/mg/kg total dozda günde üç kez potasyum sitrat (Kalinor eff. TabletÖ, Knoll), günde iki kez Vitamin B6 25 mg/kg (Benexol tabletö, Roche) oral, günde 2 kez Amoksisilinklavulanik asit (Synulox enj. Ö, Pfizer) 15 mg/kg İM, günde 1 kez Karprofen (Rimadyl enj. Ö Pfizer) 2 mg/ kg dozda SC uygulandı. Sağaltımdan 14 gün sonra yapılan kontrollerde idrarda kalsiyum okzalat kristallerinin kaybolduğu belirlendi. Bu çalışma ile köpeklerde görülen kalsiyum okzalat kristalürinin uygulanan bu yöntemle sağaltılabilirliğinin gösterilmesi amaçlanmıştır.The material of this study is a 10-month-old, 7 kg weight terrier dog, which was referred to A.U, School of Veterinary Medicine Department of Internal Medicine. According to anamnesis and laboratory findings calcium oxalate crystalluria was diagnosed. Urinary bladder was found full-filled in the abdominal palpation. In ultrasonographic examination a great deal of crystals that give hyperechogen view in the urinary bladder was confirmed. After the cystocentesis the patient was catheterized to determine a possible presence of obstruction. Blood sample was collected and CBC and serum biochemistry analyses were performed. Urinalysis revealed specific gravity of 1.020 and pH as 6, and large numbers calcium oxalate crystals and 3-4 calcium oxalate casts per microscopic field. Bacteriological culture of the urine yielded no growth. In the treatment potassium citrate (Kalinor eff. tablet, Knoll) in a total dose of 200/mg/kg, three times a day, Vitamin B6 (Benexol tablet) in a dose of 25/mg/kg twice a day, AmoxicillinKlanulanic acid (Synulox enj. ö, Pfizer) in a dose of 15 mg/kg twice IM, Carprofen (Rimadyl inj. Pfizer) in a dose of 2mg/kg IM were given. 14 days after the treatment it was determined that calcium oxalate crystals had disappeared in the urine. In this study, it was aimed to show that calcium oxalate that is frequently seen among dogs could be treated by this method

Macroanatomical Investigation of Nasal Cavity (Cavum Nasi) and Innervation of This Region in Dog [Köpekte Burun Boşlugu (Cavum Nasi) ve Bu Bölgenin İnnervasyonunun Makroanatomik Olarak İncelenmesi]

In the present study, cadaver heads of 10 mongrel dogs utilised for student training in the Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Anatomy Laboratory was used for macroanatomical examination of nasal cavity (cavum nasi) and innervation of this region. With the help of an electrical sawmill machine, cadaver heads were separated sagittally into two halves on the right side of the median line in order to avoid damage to the septum nasi. Left head halves were dissected and data were obtained. Measurements were made for concha nasalis dorsalis, concha nasalis media and concha nasalis ventralis in all materials. The mean and standard deviations of these measurements were calculated. It was found the nerves that are innervating the cavum nasi are nn. olfactorii, n. vomeronasalis, n. ethmoidalis and n. nasalis caudalis which were separated from n. ophtalmicus and n. maxillaris which are the branches of n. trigeminus. It was found that nerve fibres and n. vomeronasalis enter into the cavum nasi via foramina cribrosa. It was detected that n. ethmoidalis enters into the cavum cranii via foramen ethmoidale after leaving n. ciliaris and then runs dorsally and enters into the nasal cavity through foramina cribrosa. It was seen that n. nasalis caudalis enters into the nasal cavity through the foramen sphenopalatinum after leaving n. pterygopalatinus, a branch of n. maxillaris