81 research outputs found
The views of student-results of the survey
In 2010, We have conducted a survey among the students of the Institute of Political Science at the University of Education in Krakow (Poland). Students of all years and disciplines were included (political science, public administration, international relations), and all types of studies (full-time, weekend-time), that are given at the Institute of Political Science Students from places where university teaches them only on weekends are also represented, from places where university teach students only on weekends: Tarnów, Limanowa and Koczanowa (Lesser Poland Region).
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3126
Public-private wage gaps : is civil-servant human capital sector-specific?
What would be the counterfactual wage of civil servants if they were employed in the private sector? Using the French European Household panel, we present a new approach to the wage differential between the public and the private sectors. We estimate a model, which controls both for selection into employment, and for self-selection into the public sector. We also introduce unobserved heterogeneity in the propensity to be employed in either job sector, and in the sector-specific productivity. Evidence based on the counterfactual distributions suggests a large public-private wage premium for low public wages. This conclusion also holds for women but may be explained by a weaker discrimination in the public sector. Unlike women, most male civil servants would earn more in the private sector.counterfactual distributions, wage differentials, public and private sector, unobserved heterogeneity
Історичні герої сучасних українських студентів
Українська молодь від початку незалежності країни була
каталізатором демократичних змін. Від так званих Революції на граніті, Сумської
Революції на Траві (Каміонка, 2019) та Помаранчевої революції до Революції Гідності
та війни на Сході саме молодь боролася за майбутнє України. Оцінюючи внесок
молоді у сучасну історію України, важливо з’ясувати, які національні герої та які
історичні події є найбільш важливими для молодого покоління. Завдяки дослідженню,
що було проведене в 2017-2018 роках на репрезентативній групі української молоді
(1043 респонденти), автор має змогу відповісти на це питання. Результати
дослідження досить передбачувані та підтверджують загальноукраїнські тенденціїй
загальновідомі уявлення з цього питання. Проте автор робить важливий висновок:
доволі популярний вибір молоді – “нейтральне ставлення” до історичних подій, – є
однозначним свідченням низького рівня історичних знань серед молоді.Ukrainian youth from the beginning of the country’s independence was a
catalyst for democratic changes. From the Revolution on Granite, through the Sumy’s
Revolution on Grass (Kamionka, 2019) and Orange Revolution to the Revolution of Dignity
and the war in the East, undeniably it was the youth who fought for the future of Ukraine.
While appreciating the contribution of young people to the contemporary history of Ukraine,
it is essential to ask which national heroes and what historical events are important to the
young generation. Thanks to the research conducted in 2017-2018 on a representative
group of Ukrainian youth (1043 respondents), the author can answer that question. The
results show that there are no surprises; the research confirms the all-Ukrainian results
and shares knowledge on this subject. However, it is worth emphasizing some surprises, as
well as the frequent selection of the answer “neutral attitude” to historical events, which
may indicate the lack of historical knowledge among the surveyed youth
Cosmic acceleration from modified gravity with Palatini formalism
We study new FRW type cosmological models of modified gravity treated on the
background of Palatini approach. These models are generalization of Einstein
gravity by the presence of a scalar field non-minimally coupled to the
curvature. The models employ Starobinsky's term in the Lagrangian and dust
matter. Therefore, as a by-product, an exhausted cosmological analysis of
general relativity amended by quadratic term is presented. We investigate
dynamics of our models, confront them with the currently available
astrophysical data as well as against LCDM model. We have used the dynamical
system methods in order to investigate dynamics of the models. It reveals the
presence of a final sudden singularity. Fitting free parameters we have
demonstrated by statistical analysis that this class of models is in a very
good agreement with the data (including CMB measurements) as well as with the
standard LCDM model predictions. One has to use statefinder diagnostic in order
to discriminate among them. Therefore Bayesian methods of model selection have
been employed in order to indicate preferred model. Only in the light of CMB
data the concordance model remains invincible.Comment: 32 pages, jcappub style, 28 figures, final improved version, to be
published in JCA
Observational hints on the Big Bounce
In this paper we study possible observational consequences of the bouncing
cosmology. We consider a model where a phase of inflation is preceded by a
cosmic bounce. While we consider in this paper only that the bounce is due to
loop quantum gravity, most of the results presented here can be applied for
different bouncing cosmologies. We concentrate on the scenario where the scalar
field, as the result of contraction of the universe, is driven from the bottom
of the potential well. The field is amplified, and finally the phase of the
standard slow-roll inflation is realized. Such an evolution modifies the
standard inflationary spectrum of perturbations by the additional oscillations
and damping on the large scales. We extract the parameters of the model from
the observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation. In particular,
the value of inflaton mass is equal to GeV. In
our considerations we base on the seven years of observations made by the WMAP
satellite. We propose the new observational consistency check for the phase of
slow-roll inflation. We investigate the conditions which have to be fulfilled
to make the observations of the Big Bounce effects possible. We translate them
to the requirements on the parameters of the model and then put the
observational constraints on the model. Based on assumption usually made in
loop quantum cosmology, the Barbero-Immirzi parameter was shown to be
constrained by from the cosmological observations. We have
compared the Big Bounce model with the standard Big Bang scenario and showed
that the present observational data is not informative enough to distinguish
these models.Comment: 25 pages, 8 figures, JHEP3.cl
Density growth in Kantowski-Sachs cosmologies with cosmological constant
In this work the growth of density perturbations in Kantowski-Sachs
cosmologies with a positive cosmological constant is studied, using the 1+3 and
1+1+2 covariant formalisms. For each wave number we obtain a closed system for
scalars formed from quantities that are zero on the background and hence are
gauge-invariant. The solutions to this system are then analyzed both
analytically and numerically. In particular the effects of anisotropy and the
behaviour close to a bounce in the cosmic scale factor are considered. We find
that typically the density gradient in the bouncing directions experiences a
local maximum at or slightly after the bounce.Comment: 33 pages, 17 picture
Sociocultural predictors of obligatory exercise in young men: A Polish-Chinese comparison
BackgroundObligatory exercise has been shown to have negative physical and mental effects on exercisers and is more prevalent among young people. However, there is limited research on obligatory exercise among young men. Social comparison theory offers a novel perspective to explore the relationship between sociocultural factors and obligatory exercise among young men, which offers an opportunity to understand potential factors contributing to obligatory exercise among young men across different cultures.MethodWe recruited a purposive sample of young people aged 18-30 from Poland (n=79) and China (n=194). Participants completed self-report measures including the Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire3, Inventory of Physical Activity Objectives, and Obligatory Exercise Questionnaire. In the data analysis stage, we examined the strength of the relationships between the independent variables and the dependent variable through multiple regression analysis, and tested the role of the mediating variables.ResultsThe main analyses revealed that Internalization-Athlete was a common direct predictor of obligatory exercise for both Polish and Chinese young men; that there were direct sociocultural predictors of obligatory exercise that were only used in relation to Polish or Chinese young men; and that social adaptation goals for motivation for physical activity mediated the development of obligatory exercise for Polish and Chinese young men, and that there were cross-cultural differences.ConclusionAttention should be paid to their attitudes towards the idea of a muscular and athletic body and socially adapted physical activity motivations when understanding young men’s obligatory exercise, while also considering cross-cultural differences
AIC, BIC, Bayesian evidence against the interacting dark energy model
Recent astronomical observations have indicated that the Universe is in the
phase of accelerated expansion. While there are many cosmological models which
try to explain this phenomenon, we focus on the interacting CDM model
where the interaction between the dark energy and dark matter sectors takes
place. This model is compared to its simpler alternative---the CDM
model. To choose between these models the likelihood ratio test was applied as
well as the model comparison methods (employing Occam's principle): the Akaike
information criterion (AIC), the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and the
Bayesian evidence. Using the current astronomical data: SNIa (Union2.1),
, BAO, Alcock--Paczynski test and CMB we evaluated both models. The
analyses based on the AIC indicated that there is less support for the
interacting CDM model when compared to the CDM model, while
those based on the BIC indicated that there is the strong evidence against it
in favor the CDM model. Given the weak or almost none support for the
interacting CDM model and bearing in mind Occam's razor we are
inclined to reject this model.Comment: LaTeX svjour3, 12 pages, 3 figure
Experimental confirmation of efficient island divertor operation and successful neoclassical transport optimization in Wendelstein 7-X
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