2,146 research outputs found
Dissipative collapse of the adiabatic piston
An adiabatic piston, separating two granular gases prepared in the same
macroscopic state, is found to eventually collapse to one of the sides. This
new instability is explained by a simple macroscopic theory which is
furthermore in qualitative agreement with hard disk molecular dynamics.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Equilibrium and nonequilibrium thermodynamics of particle-stabilized thin liquid films
Our recent quasi-two-dimensional thermodynamic description of thin-liquid
films stabilized by colloidal particles is generalized to describe nonuniform
equilibrium states of films in external potentials and nonequilibrium transport
processes produced in the film by gradients of thermodynamic forces. Using a
Monte--Carlo simulation method, we have determined equilibrium equations of
state for a film stabilized by a suspension of hard spheres. Employing a
multipolar-expansion method combined with a flow-reflection technique, we have
also evaluated the short-time film-viscosity coefficients and collective
particle mobility.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figure
Generalized Jarzynski Equality under Nonequilibrium Feedback Control
The Jarzynski equality is generalized to situations in which nonequilibrium
systems are subject to a feedback control. The new terms that arise as a
consequence of the feedback describe the mutual information content obtained by
measurement and the efficacy of the feedback control. Our results lead to a
generalized fluctuation-dissipation theorem that reflects the readout
information, and can be experimentally tested using small thermodynamic
systems. We illustrate our general results by an introducing "information
ratchet," which can transport a Brownian particle in one direction and extract
a positive work from the particle
Detection of Macroscopic Entanglement by Correlation of Local Observables
We propose a correlation of local observables on many sites in macroscopic
quantum systems. By measuring the correlation one can detect, if any,
superposition of macroscopically distinct states, which we call macroscopic
entanglement, in arbitrary quantum states that are (effectively) homogeneous.
Using this property, we also propose an index of macroscopic entanglement.Comment: Although the index q was proposed for mixed states, it is also
applicable to pure states, on which we fix minor bugs (that will be reported
in PRL as erratum). The conclusions of the paper remain unchanged. (4 pages,
no figures.
Magnetic properties and critical behavior of disordered Fe_{1-x}Ru_x alloys: a Monte Carlo approach
We study the critical behavior of a quenched random-exchange Ising model with
competing interactions on a bcc lattice. This model was introduced in the study
of the magnetic behavior of Fe_{1-x}Ru_x alloys for ruthenium concentrations
x=0%, x=4%, x=6%, and x=8%. Our study is carried out within a Monte Carlo
approach, with the aid of a re-weighting multiple histogram technique. By means
of a finite-size scaling analysis of several thermodynamic quantities, taking
into account up to the leading irrelevant scaling field term, we find estimates
of the critical exponents \alpha, \beta, \gamma, and \nu, and of the critical
temperatures of the model. Our results for x=0% are in excellent agreement with
those for the three-dimensional pure Ising model in the literature. We also
show that our critical exponent estimates for the disordered cases are
consistent with those reported for the transition line between paramagnetic and
ferromagnetic phases of both randomly dilute and Ising models. We
compare the behavior of the magnetization as a function of temperature with
that obtained by Paduani and Branco (2008), qualitatively confirming the
mean-field result. However, the comparison of the critical temperatures
obtained in this work with experimental measurements suggest that the model
(initially obtained in a mean-field approach) needs to be modified
Neutron Fermi Liquids under the presence of a strong magnetic field with effective nuclear forces
Landau's Fermi Liquid parameters are calculated for non-superfluid pure
neutron matter in the presence of a strong magnetic field at zero temperature.
The particle-hole interactions in the system, where a net magnetization may be
present, are characterized by these parameters in the framework of a multipolar
formalism. We use either zero- or finite-range effective nuclear forces to
describe the nuclear interaction. Using the obtained Fermi Liquid parameters,
the effect of a strong magnetic field on some bulk magnitudes such as
isothermal compressibility and spin susceptibility is also investigated.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figure
Arbitrarily slow, non-quasistatic, isothermal transformations
For an overdamped colloidal particle diffusing in a fluid in a controllable,
virtual potential, we show that arbitrarily slow transformations, produced by
smooth deformations of a double-well potential, need not be reversible. The
arbitrarily slow transformations do need to be fast compared to the barrier
crossing time, but that time can be extremely long. We consider two types of
cyclic, isothermal transformations of a double-well potential. Both start and
end in the same equilibrium state, and both use the same basic operations---but
in different order. By measuring the work for finite cycle times and
extrapolating to infinite times, we found that one transformation required no
work, while the other required a finite amount of work, no matter how slowly it
was carried out. The difference traces back to the observation that when time
is reversed, the two protocols have different outcomes, when carried out
arbitrarily slowly. A recently derived formula relating work production to the
relative entropy of forward and backward path probabilities predicts the
observed work average.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
Pendulum Mode Thermal Noise in Advanced Interferometers: A comparison of Fused Silica Fibers and Ribbons in the Presence of Surface Loss
The use of fused-silica ribbons as suspensions in gravitational wave
interferometers can result in significant improvements in pendulum mode thermal
noise. Surface loss sets a lower bound to the level of noise achievable, at
what level depends on the dissipation depth and other physical parameters. For
LIGO II, the high breaking strength of pristine fused silica filaments, the
correct choice of ribbon aspect ratio (to minimize thermoelastic damping), and
low dissipation depth combined with the other achievable parameters can reduce
the pendulum mode thermal noise in a ribbon suspension well below the radiation
pressure noise. Despite producing higher levels of pendulum mode thermal noise,
cylindrical fiber suspensions provide an acceptable alternative for LIGO II,
should unforeseen problems with ribbon suspensions arise.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters A (Dec. 14, 1999). Resubmitted to
Physics Letters A (Apr. 3, 2000) after internal (LSC) review process. PACS -
04.80.Nn, 95.55.Ym, 05.40.C
An Exact Solution to O(26) Sigma Model coupled to 2-D Gravity
By a mapping to the bosonic string theory, we present an exact solution to
the O(26) sigma model coupled to 2-D quantum gravity. In particular, we obtain
the exact gravitational dressing to the various matter operators classified by
the irreducible representations of O(26). We also derive the exact form of the
gravitationally modified beta function for the original coupling constant
. The relation between our exact solution and the asymptotic solution
given in ref[3] is discussed in various aspects.Comment: 10 pages, pupt-144
Two hard spheres in a pore: Exact Statistical Mechanics for different shaped cavities
The Partition function of two Hard Spheres in a Hard Wall Pore is studied
appealing to a graph representation. The exact evaluation of the canonical
partition function, and the one-body distribution function, in three different
shaped pores are achieved. The analyzed simple geometries are the cuboidal,
cylindrical and ellipsoidal cavities. Results have been compared with two
previously studied geometries, the spherical pore and the spherical pore with a
hard core. The search of common features in the analytic structure of the
partition functions in terms of their length parameters and their volumes,
surface area, edges length and curvatures is addressed too. A general framework
for the exact thermodynamic analysis of systems with few and many particles in
terms of a set of thermodynamic measures is discussed. We found that an exact
thermodynamic description is feasible based in the adoption of an adequate set
of measures and the search of the free energy dependence on the adopted measure
set. A relation similar to the Laplace equation for the fluid-vapor interface
is obtained which express the equilibrium between magnitudes that in extended
systems are intensive variables. This exact description is applied to study the
thermodynamic behavior of the two Hard Spheres in a Hard Wall Pore for the
analyzed different geometries. We obtain analytically the external work, the
pressure on the wall, the pressure in the homogeneous zone, the wall-fluid
surface tension, the line tension and other similar properties
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