Utilization of Lipids, Polymers by Modern Techniques for Innovative Pharmaceutical Formulations and Medical Devices

With advancing science and technology, new futuristic technologies have been upcoming that are having a greater impact on the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. Many lipids and polymer of natural and synthetic origin have spread horizons enabling to reach in fabricating delivery systems for unmet medical needs. In this modern biomedicine era, we must outline and scrutiny the roles of these biomaterials and the modern technologies that are shaping up the advancing medicines. The real challenges in modulating, fine-tuning the biomaterials for their bioactive properties are vital for assessing the in-vivo performance of the developed systems. Therefore, the present review discusses the detailed analysis of the current research reported in the technologies of utilizing the lipids, polymers, and their role in delivering the drugs, genes, and designing advanced implantable medical devices. The scrutiny also focuses on key optimization tools, analytical methods, formulation, and biomedical techniques helpful in developing the solutions that can be administered different routes in different therapeutic indications

SCALABLE FRAMEWORK WITH IDENTICAL MEMORY DIES TO ACHIEVE HIGH-CLOCK FREQUENCY

Our design implements a scalable 3-D-nonuniform memory access (NUMA) architecture according to low latency logarithmic interconnects, which enables stacking of multiple identical memory dies (MDs), supports multiple outstanding transactions, and achieves high clock frequencies because of its highly pipelined nature. We implemented our design with STMicroelectronics CMOS-28-nm low-power technology and acquired time frequency of 500 MHz, as much as eight stacked dies (4 MB) having a memory density loss. Large needed size, and ability to tolerate latency and variations in memory access time make L2 memory a appropriate choice for 3-D integration. Within this paper, we present a synthesizable 3-D-stacking L2 memory IP component, which may be mounted on a cluster-based multicore platform through its network-on-nick interfaces offering high-bandwidth memory access with low average latency. Benchmark simulation results show adding 3-D-NUMA to some multicluster system can result in a typical performance boost of 34%. In addition, experiments and estimations make sure 3-D-NUMA is energy and power efficient, temperature friendly, and it has improvements appropriate for low-cost manufacturing. Finally, improvement is quite possible in 3-D-NUMA in contrast to its 2-D counterparts, while using condition from the art through-plastic-via technologies

Dynamic Slice of Aspect Oriented Program A Comparative Study

Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP) is a budding latest technology for separating crosscutting concerns . It is very difficult to achieve cross cutting concerns in object - oriented programming (OOP). AOP is generally suitable for the area where code scattering and code tangling arises. Due to the specific features of AOP language such as joinpoint, point - cut, advice and introduction, it is difficult to apply existing slicing algorithms of procedural or object - oriented programming directly to AOP. This paper addresses different types of program slicing approaches for AOP by considering a very simple example. Also this paper addresses a new approach to calculate the dynamic slice of AOP. The complexity of this algorithm is better as compared to some existing algorithms

Preparation and evaluation of ciprofloxacin loaded chitosan-gelatin composite films for wound healing activity

Natural polymers are used as lead compounds for design of drugs in treatment of different ailments. Chitosan and gelatin have proven wound healing properties individually. As both have wound healing property, the combination of these two polymers and incorporation of drugs into the composite films may show improvement in wound healing activity. Thus, the composite films and drug loaded films were evaluated for various in vitro evaluation tests to ascertain the applicability of prepared combination for wound healing activity. The composite films were prepared with increase in gelatin concentration and the drug loaded films were prepared with increased concentrations of drug in optimized composite film. These films were evaluated for thickness, folding endurance, water absorption capacity, antibacterial activity, tensile strength, drug load, content uniformity, in vitro drug release by diffusion studies and in vivo wound healing studies by excision wound model using albino rats. The drug loaded films shown significant difference in folding endurance, water absorption capacity, antibacterial activity when compared to optimized blank composite film. There was no significant difference in thickness and tensile strength of drug loaded films when compared to blank composite films. Percentage of wound contraction was more for wounds treated with ciprofloxacin loaded composite film than blank composite film. With the above results, it was concluded that ciprofloxacin loaded chitosan-gelatin composite films had shown more wound healing property than chitosan-gelatin blank composite film and blank chitosan film without interfering in strength of film.Keywords: Ciprofloxacin; Chitosan; Gelatin; Drug loaded films; Wound healing; Tensile strength

Image Blur Detection Using Local Power Spectrum

In this paper work, blur detection of images is carried with local power spectrum. De blurring of image plays a important role in image processing and computer vision techniques. In deblurring of image, the first step is considered the input image as a motion blurred image. Our blur detection is based on block by block local mean calculation. After that find out the global mean for the blurred image, then comparison of local mean with global mean takes place. The experimental result shows that the robustness of proposed algorithm. The proposed method performing operations on image for detecting blurred regions. After that detected blurred content converted in to an un blurred region that shows the final output of this method

Characterization and evaluation of putative mutant populations of polyembryonic mango genotype Nekkare for dwarfing rootstock traits

Availability of dwarfing rootstocks is an important pre-requisite for improving productivity of mango orchards in India as it facilitates high density planting as well as impart uniformity within an orchard. An attempt was made to induce variability in polyembryonic mango genotype Nekkare for dwarfness by treating kernels with different doses of gamma radiation ranging from 15 to 35 Gy. Irradiation created significant variation in plant height, stem girth, number of nodes, inter-nodal length, number of leaves, leaf blade length and leaf blade width. The highest reduction in seedling height along with highest variation was observed at 35 Gy where the seedling height ranged from 11.50 to 33 cm with a mean of 23.12 cm as compared to mean plant height of 44.55 cm in control ranging from 33.50 to 56 cm. Further, the effect of irradiation on stomatal parameters was also investigated and the highest stomatal length and width was recorded at 15 Gy (63.39 μm) and 20 Gy (63.12 μm) respectively while 30 Gy treatment produced maximum stomatal density (13.85 per μm2). Furthermore, theconcentration of ABA was found to be highest (429.1 ng/gm) in morphologically dwarf (putative mutant) progenies of Nekkare. The results suggest effectiveness of induced mutation for developing dwarfing rootstocks in mango to be used in high density planting

In vitro antimicrobial activity of cefsulodin and kanamycin in combinations

Background:Infectious diseases are the greatest challenge of the world. The main failure in the treatment of infectious diseases is development of antibiotic resistance by the infective agents. Combination drug therapy is proposed to be more successful to contain diseases. But before the selection of combination of antibiotics, it is important to determine interaction of such antibiotics. Two antibiotics may have either synergistic or antagonistic action. In this study it was designed to find out the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), which is usually used for the quantitative assessment of bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics.Methods:Checkerboard titration in microtitre trays used for this assay, and Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) and Fractional Bactericidal Concentration (FBC) measured to identify the type of interaction between the two antibiotics. Cefsulodin (Cef) and Kanamycin (Kan) were used against Escherechia coli (Esch. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (Staph. aureus) to determine the efficacy of these antibiotics in combination.Results:MIC of cefsulodin and kanamycin against Staph. aureus was 3.125 and 3.125 respectively. MIC of Cef for Esch. coli was 6.25 and for Kan 50. FIC for Staph. aureus was 1. FIC for Esch. coli was different in different antibiotic concentrations and the least value was 0.37. There was no bactericidal effect of these antibiotics in combination against these organisms.Conclusion:Combination of two drugs cefsulodin and kanamycin showed synergistic action against Esch. coli and additive against Staph. aureus. So combined drug therapy can be used for better treatment with low toxicity, broad spectrum activity, and prevent emergence of drug resistance organism.

Formulation, evaluation & comparison of traditional poly herbal shampoo powders with marketed formulation

The aim of present work is to formulate poly herbal powder by using different natural herbs like Aswagandha, Tulsi, Ginger, Hibiscus, Aloe vera, Amla and Soap nut to have safety and effectiveness which can avoid toxic effects by chemical ingredients and prepared formulations were compared with marketed poly herbal shampoo. Prepared formulation strengths hair growth, prevents hair fall, dandruff and also acts as antibacterial conditioner and foaming agent without affecting or damaging hair. All the herbs have been selected to formulate poly herbal traditional shampoo powder on the basis of traditional system with scientific modern uses of poly herbs. In this present work herbs like Aswagandha, Tulsi, Ginger, Hibiscus, Aloe vera, Amla and Soap nut were collected, dried, powdered and sieved by passing through sieve no.60, stored in an air tight container and used for further formulation. Then the powders were formulated into four different formulations namely F1, F2, F3, F4 and evaluated for their organoleptic properties like color, odor and texture etc., General powder characteristics like angle of repose, bulk density and true density etc. and physiochemical properties like pH, moisture content, total ash contents, acid insoluble ash, other parameters evaluated were dirt dispersion and foaming capacity. All the four formulations offered good results in all the evaluation tests. The organoleptic characteristics were found to be good, general powder characteristics results were in specified limits and physicochemical evaluation like pH, foaming action, Dirt dispersion were found to yield good satisfactory results. So, the present work successfully formulated poly herbal traditional shampoo powder which meets the modern uses of hair without causing any damage to both skin and hair. Further the Scope of work need to be extended to carry out the stability studies.  Keywords: Poly herbal, Traditiona