Energija osnovnog stanja u proširenom 2D Hubbardovom modelu za konačan sustav s egzaktnom dijagonalizacijom

Using an exact analytical diagonalization for an extended Hubbard model, we study the first nearest-neighbour repulsion effect on the behaviour of a two-dimensional system of finite size at low density of electrons. The obtained results show that the introduction of the nearest-neighbour off-site interaction allows the correlation effects to become more remarkable and to play an essential role in the electron dynamics, and this off-site interaction encourages the formation of double occupancies.Primjenom egzaktne analitičke dijagonalizacije za proširen Hubbardov model proučavamo učinak odbojne sile među prvim susjedima na svojstva konačnog dvodimenzijskog sustava pri niskim gustoćama elektrona. Postignuti ishodi pokazuju da uvođenje prvo-susjedskog međudjelovanja izvan sustava omogućuje pojačanje korelacijskih učinaka, igra bitnu ulogu u dinamici elektrona, te to međudjelovanje izvan sustava podstiče stvaranje dvostrukih popunjenja

Extension of Self Consistent RPA method to off-site Hubbard Model

We are interested in the possibility that a generalization of Self Consistent Random Phase Approximation (SCRPA) to the Extended Hubbard Model can lead us to accurate estimations of the ground state energy, for closed chains in one dimension with periodic boundary conditions: N=2 (two states problem). We have considered an extended Hubbard model including on-site and off-site interactions, we have compared the SCRPA with a Direct Analytical(DA) results for the ground state energy, and have shown that SCRPA solves the two states problem exactly for any value of U (on-site interaction energy), V2 (off-site interaction energy with opposite spins) and (off-site interaction energy with same spins).We are interested in the possibility that a generalization of Self Consistent Random Phase Approximation (SCRPA) to the Extended Hubbard Model can lead us to accurate estimations of the ground state energy, for closed chains in one dimension with periodic boundary conditions: N=2 (two states problem). We have considered an extended Hubbard model including on-site and off-site interactions, we have compared the SCRPA with a Direct Analytical(DA) results for the ground state energy, and have shown that SCRPA solves the two states problem exactly for any value of U (on-site interaction energy), V2 (off-site interaction energy with opposite spins) and (off-site interaction energy with same spins)

Self Consistent RPA applied to the extended Hubbard Model

Using the extended Hubbard model with the Self Consistent Random Phase Approximation (SCRPA), we study the intersite interaction effect on the dynamics of N electrons. We consider the extended Hubbard model containing intrasite and intersite interactions, and we apply this model to a system of two interacting atoms, where each atom presents one free electron. The resolution of this tow sites problem is done by the SCRPA approximation; our calculations allow as studying the intersite interaction effect on the excitation energies of system. We have showed that the attractive interaction between the electrons of the neighbour’s atoms is the origin of supplementary conductivity of the system.Using the extended Hubbard model with the Self Consistent Random Phase Approximation (SCRPA), we study the intersite interaction effect on the dynamics of N electrons. We consider the extended Hubbard model containing intrasite and intersite interactions, and we apply this model to a system of two interacting atoms, where each atom presents one free electron. The resolution of this tow sites problem is done by the SCRPA approximation; our calculations allow as studying the intersite interaction effect on the excitation energies of system. We have showed that the attractive interaction between the electrons of the neighbour’s atoms is the origin of supplementary conductivity of the system

Pengembangan Kapasitas Kelembagaan Pada Program Gerdu Kempling Di Kecamatan Pedurungan

Gerdu Kempling is a poverty reduction program in the Semarang city. Various problems such as lack of assistance on an ongoing basis to the recipient, not arranged organizational structure that handles the Gerdu Kempling program clearly and weak supervision in the implementation of the Gerdu Kempling program into the background in this study. Necessary institutional capacity building to enhance the ability of people, organizations, or systems in achieving the stated goals effectively and efficiently with the look of the variables of leadership, doctrine, programs, resources, and internal structure. This study aims to analyze the institutional of capacity building to program Gerdu Kempling in the Pedurungan district and to investigate the factors that support the institutional of capacity building. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that the institutional of capacity building to Gerdu Kempling program in the Pedurungan district not run at max. The availability of resources is not accompanied by maximum utilization, sustainable professionals not accompany the recipient, the procedure does not run as expected, none specifically organizational structure to handle Gerdu Kempling program. Institutional capacity building will work well if done well supporting factors, which include participation, innovation, access to information, and accountability. Based on these conclusions, the researchers recommend the Pedurungan district organization can optimally enhance its ability to be a coordinator, facilitator, and implementing monitoring and evaluation, so as to achieve the set objectives effectively and efficiently

Endogamous Marriage of Prophet's Descendants on the Perspective of Sociology of Islamic Law

This study aims to comprehensively describe the endogamous marriages of the Prophet Muhammad's descendants from the perspective of the sociology of Islamic law. The marriage mainly occurs in syarīfah (the female descendants); they are required to marry the prospectives from ḥabīb (male descendants) groups only. Endogamous marriage will be explored holistically by clarifying the reciprocal relationship between social change and Islamic law among syarīfah. This field research examines the enactment of the law in social life. It used a sociological Islamic law approach to reveal the facts about endogamous marriage in Bangil, East Java, Indonesia, because many of the Prophet's descendants live there. Data collection techniques were interviews and literature search, while the analysis technique used is Miles and Hubermen's analytical procedure. After conducting in-depth research, a conclusion was found that endogamous marriage among syarīfah in Bangil is a form of obedience to customs passed down across generations since their ancestors, namely the tradition of marrying someone of equal lineage. Endogamous marriages have been maintained to this day due to religious teachings, the spirit of protecting the Prophet's family, and the social conditions of those who support its preservation

Kajian Fermentasi dan Suhu Pengeringan pada Mutu Kakao (Theobroma Cacao L.)

A study on the Fermentation and drying temperature in cacao quality was carried out. From result of research was fermentation 8 day at temperature 60 0C representing best treatment from all treatment. However accelerate drying the higher content 1.32%/hours and the decrease amount equal to 0.39%/hours. The best colour of quality cacao was produced using the fermentation (8 day) and drying temperature (40 0C). It met the standard attributes rating the higher the texture was fermentation (4 day) and drying temperature (60 0 C). However the fermentation 6 day and drying temperature 60 0C with high panelist acceptance

Women and Divorce in Ponorogo, East Java: Responsibility of The Husband in The Family

A divorce is closely related to the absence of the husband's responsibility in a family. A wife has no right to propose divorce as long as the husband, as the head of the family, can carry out his obligations materially and non-materially. This paper tries to reveal why women propose divorce and how wives view their husbands' responsibilities as the family's head. This article results from field research in the Ponorogo District and uses data derived from interviews with eight female informants who proposed a legal divorce. As the head of the family, a husband has both material and nonmaterial responsibilities to his wife. This responsibility is the husband's obligation to his wife that must be fulfilled. The husband's material obligations are to provide a living, which includes feeding, providing shelter, and clothing. Meanwhile, the nonmaterial duties are to educate, guide, protect, love, and respect. The results of this study indicate that the wives proposed for legal divorce because their husbands, as to the head of the family, do not carry out their material responsibilities; that is, they do not fulfill their obligation to provide livings for their wife. Husbands also do not meet their nonmaterial duties to their wives.Cerai gugat terkait erat dengan tidak adanya tanggung jawab suami dalam sebuah keluarga. Pada dasarnya, seorang istri tidak berhak mengajukan cerai gugat selama suami sebagai kepala keluarga dapat melaksanakan kewajibannya secara material dan non material. Artikel ini ingin mengungkap mengapa perempuan mengajukan cerai gugat dan bagaimana pandangan istri terhadap tanggung jawab suami sebagai kepala keluarga. Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian lapangan di Kapubaten Ponorogo dan menggunakan data yang bersumber dari hasil wawancara dengan delapan informan perempuan yang mengajukan cerai gugat. Seorang suami sebagai kepala keluarga memiliki tanggung jawab material dan non material kepada istri.  Tanggung jawab tersebut merupakan kewajiban suami terhadap istri yang harus ditunaikan. Adapun  kewajiban suami  yang bersifat material adalah memberi nafkah yang meliputi memberi makan, menyediakan tempat tinggal dan pakaian.  Sedangkan kewajiban bersifat non material adalah mendidik, membimbing, melindungi, menyayangi dan menghargai.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa para istri mengajukan cerai gugat karena suami sebagai kepala keluarga tidak bertanggung jawab secara material, yakni tidak menunaikan kewajibannya memberi nafkah kepada istri.  Para suami juga tidak menjalankan kewajibannya non material kepada istrinya