Integrated system for traction and battery charging of electric vehicles with universal interface to the power grid

This paper proposes an integrated system for traction and battery charging of electric vehicles (EVs) with universal interface to the power grid. In the proposed system, the power electronics converters comprising the traction drive system are also used for the battery charging system, reducing the required hardware, meaning the integrated characteristic of the system. Besides, this interface is universal, since it can be performed with the three main types of power grids, namely: (1) Single-phase AC power grids; (2) Three-phase AC power grids; (3) DC power grids. In these three types of interfaces with the power grid, as well as in the traction drive operation mode, bidirectional operation is possible, framing the integration of this system into an EV in the context of smart grids. Moreover, the proposed system endows an EV with an on-board fast battery charger, whose operation allows either fast or slow battery charging. The main contributes of the proposed system are detailed in the paper, and simulation results are presented in order to attain the feasibility of the proposed system.This work has been supported by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT -Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2013. This work has been supported by FCT within the Project Scope DAIPESEV - Development of Advanced Integrated Power Electronic Systems for Electric Vehicles: PTDC/EEI-EEE/30382/2017. Mr. Tiago Sousa is supported by the doctoral scholarship SFRH/BD/134353/2017 granted by the Portuguese FCT agency. This work is part of the FCT project 0302836 NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-030283

Overview of fast on-board integrated battery chargers for electric vehicles based on multiphase machines and power electronics

The study provides an extensive overview of on-board integrated chargers for electric vehicles that are based on multiphase (more than three phases) machines and power electronics. A common attribute of all discussed topologies is that they do not require a charger as a separate device since its role is transferred to the already existing drivetrain elements, predominantly a multiphase machine and an inverter. The study demonstrates how additional degrees of freedom that exist in multiphase systems can be conveniently utilised to achieve torque-free charging operation. Therefore, although three-phase (or multiphase) currents flow through machines' stator windings, they do not generate any torque; thus the machines do not have to be mechanically locked. Cost and weight saving is achieved in this way, while the available space is increased. For each topology operating principles are explained, and its control elaborated in detail for both charging and vehicle-to-grid mode. Finally, the validity of theoretical considerations and control algorithms of some of the existing charging solutions is experimentally verified and experimental performance of all discussed topologies is compared

Integrated motor drives: state of the art and future trends

With increased need for high power density, high efficiency and high temperature capabilities in Aerospace and Automotive applications, Integrated Motor Drives (IMD) offers a potential solution. However, close physical integration of the converter and the machine may also lead to an increase in components temperature. This requires careful mechanical, structural and thermal analysis; and design of the IMD system. This paper reviews existing IMD technologies and their thermal effects on the IMD system. The effects of the power electronics (PE) position on the IMD system and its respective thermal management concepts are also investigated. The challenges faced in designing and manufacturing of an IMD along with the mechanical and structural impacts of close physical integration is also discussed and potential solutions are provided. Potential converter topologies for an IMD like the Matrix converter, 2-level Bridge, 3-level NPC and Multiphase full bridge converters are also reviewed. Wide band gap devices like SiC and GaN and their packaging in power modules for IMDs are also discussed. Power modules components and packaging technologies are also presented

The contribution of metacognitions and attentional control to decisional procrastination

Earlier research has implicated metacognitions and attentional control in procrastination and self-regulatory failure. This study tested several hypotheses: (1) that metacognitions would be positively correlated with decisional procrastination; (2) that attentional control would be negatively correlated with decisional procrastination; (3) that metacognitions would be negatively correlated with attentional control; and (4) that metacognitions and attentional control would predict decisional procrastination when controlling for negative affect. One hundred and twenty-nine participants completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21, the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire 30, the Attentional Control Scale, and the Decisional Procrastination Scale. Significant relationships were found between all three attentional control factors (focusing, shifting, and flexible control of thought) and two metacognitions factors (negative beliefs concerning thoughts about uncontrollability and danger, and cognitive confidence). Results also revealed that decisional procrastination was significantly associated with negative affect, all measured metacognitions factors, and all attentional control factors. In the final step of a hierarchical regression analysis only stress, cognitive confidence, and attention shifting were independent predictors of decisional procrastination. Overall these findings support the hypotheses and are consistent with the Self-Regulatory Executive Function model of psychological dysfunction. The implications of these findings are discussed

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

A strategic evaluation model for knowledge relationship among members in enterprise communities

With the development of online communities, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of members using Enterprise Communities (ECs) over the past few years. Many join ECs with the objective of sharing their knowledge on the specific issue and seeking relative knowledge from others. Despite the eagerness of sharing knowledge and receiving knowledge through ECs, there is no standard of assessing ones knowledge sharing capabilities and prospects of knowledge sharing in order to get great level of efficiency of knowledge sharing collaboration. This paper developed evaluation model to assess knowledge relationship behavior among ECs members with the aim of Vector Space Model

Integrated motor drive and non-isolated battery charger based on the split-phase PM motors for plug-in vehicles

A novel integrated motor drive and non-isolated battery charger based on a split-phase permanent magnet (PM) motor is presented and described for a plug-in vehicle. The motor windings are reconfigured by a relay for the traction and charging operation. In traction mode, the motor is like a normal three-phase motor, whereas in the charging mode, after windings reconnection, the system is a three-phase Boost rectifier. One important challenge to use the motor as three inductors in charger circuit is to have it in standstill during the battery charging. Based on the presented mathematical model of a split-phase PM motor, the zero-torque condition of the motor is explained which led to a proper windings reconnection for the charging. Simulation and experimental results of two separate practical systems are provided to verify the proposed integrated battery charger. Some practical limitations and design recommendations are provided to achieve a more realistic practical system

Evaluation of mexiletine effect on duration of sensory and motor block in spinal anesthesia with lidocaine

Abstract Background & aim: The methods to increase duration of spinal anesthesia is always noticed.,the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mexiletine on duration of sensory and motor block in spinal anesthesia. Methods: In a clinical trial study 60 patients with age 18-50, ASA 1,2 who were scheduled for lower limb elective surgery at Shahid Bahonar hospital were enrolled. They were randomally assigned in two groups of control and intervention. Intervention group received oral mexiletine 200 mg 2hours before operation and control group received placebo.Spinal anesthesia was carried out with lidocaine /5 (100mg) in L2-L3 or L3-L4 space by the same method in two groups. Pulse rate,Pulse oximetry and mean arterial blood pressure were recorded in two groups every 5-10 minutes.Also the duration of sensory and motor block was recorded. The results were analyzed with Student t-test,Chi square and Mann-Whitney. Results:The onset of sensory and motor block was significantly faster in intervention group.(P<0/01) The duration of sensory and motor block was significantly more in intervention group than control.(P<0/001) The pulse rate in intervention group were signifigantly less than control group in 0,5,10,60,75 minutes after spinal injection. (P<0/05) Conclusion: Mexiletine is effective in increasing duration of sensory and motor block in spinal anesthesia with lidocaine and also increases the onset of both sensory and motor block with lidocaine. Key Words: Mexiletine, Sensory and motor block, Spinal anesthesia, Lidocain

Comparing the effects of propofol and isoflurane on depth of anesthesia and blood loss during endoscopic sinus surgery

Background: Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is one of the procedures which need a clear surgical field. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of propofol and isoflurane on depth of anaesthesia and blood loss during ESS. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 52 (36 males and 16 females) ESS candidates referred to the Shafa hospital in Kerman. One group received propofol and another group isoflurane. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), depth of anaesthesia (DA) and total blood loss were recorded for patients in both groups. Results: DA was decreased in both groups, but no significant correlation was observed between the two groups in DA, MAP and blood loss. Moreover, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in total blood loss. Blood pressure was decreased in both groups during surgery. Conclusion: There is no significant difference between propofol and isoflurane in DA and decreasing blood loss during ESS. Therefore, we suggest the use of hypotensive anaesthetic agents during ESS

Large Sample Inference on the Ratio of Two Independent Binomial Proportions

The asymptotic distribution for the ratio of sample proportions in two independent bernoulli populations is introduced. The presented method can be used to derive the asymptotic confidence interval and hypothesis testing for the ratio of population proportions. The performance of the new interval is comparable with similar confi- dence intervals in the large sample cases. Then the simulation study is provided to compare our confidence interval with some other methods. The proposed confidence set has a good coverage probability with a shorter lengt