Evaluation of Frasnian Shale reservoir, case studywell DAK-1, Ahnet Basin, southern Algeria

The evaluation of unconventional reservoir in term of future exploration plan where the geochemical data are not unavailable making us different results from logging and Gas Data However this paper aim to define Potential zone throught the estimation of total organic carbon(TOC) using Δ log R Method and thermal maturity by mean of gas ration technique combined with gamma-ray data of Frasnian shale formation encountered in DAK-1 well drilled in Ahnet Basin from 1552m to 1728m. The results suggest that the frasnian shale have fair to good potential genration with TOC ranging from 2% to 4%, with mature organic matter who producing wet gas,The potential zone positioned in the lower frasnian over a thikness of 10m.Keywords: Unconventional Reservoir; Evaluation;Total organic carbon (TOC), Thermal maturity, Gas Ratio; DAK-1 well; Ahnet Basin

A Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) study for Algerian asphaltenes

despite that the Algerian light oil contain a few quantity of asphaltenes (under to 0.7 wt %)but The problem of their deposition during the oil production and transportation is strongly suggested, this deposition of asphaltenes does not depend on the percentage of asphaltenes in the oil but depends on their chemical composition which affects the behavior of asphaltenes. Functional Groups of Algerian Asphaltenes was investigated using A Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR),This study characterizes a Six samples of asphaltenes were collected from Hassi Messaoud’s oil field at different locations, all samples were extracted using n-heptene with with 1:40 (g/ml) (oil to solvent ratio),the obtained results indicated the   existence of aliphatic, aromatic and sulfoxide groups with different  intensities. This study confirmed that the asphaltenes precipitation was occurs in all Hassi Messaoud’s oil field locations.Keywords: Asphaltenes; Extraction; Characterization; A Fourier-TransformInfrared (FTIR); Algerian Light oil

Sequence crystallization during isotherm evaporation of southern Algeria chott Baghdad natural brine

Southern Algerian's natural brine sampled from chott Baghdad may be a source of mineral salts with a high economic value. These salts are recoverable by simple solar evaporation. Indeed, during isothermal solar evaporation, it is possible to recover mineral salts and to determine the precipitation sequences of different salts as a function of the chemical composition and the density of the brine. In this study, the variation of ionic composition of concentrated brine during isothermal evaporation was measured; then the experimental pathway of the point representing its composition on the oceanic fivefold diagram Na+, K+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO4 2-//H2O was plotted. In order to follow the precipitation sequences of mineral salts, during solar evaporation at 35°C, X-Ray diffraction was performed on the precipitated and removed salts from the brine during evaporation.Keywords: seawater quinary diagram, Jänecke projection, isothermal evaporation, mineral salts, chott Baghdad brin

Mass spectrometry imaging identifies palmitoylcarnitine as an immunological mediator during Salmonella Typhimurium infection

Salmonella Typhimurium causes a self-limiting gastroenteritis that may lead to systemic disease. Bacteria invade the small intestine, crossing the intestinal epithelium from where they are transported to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) within migrating immune cells. MLNs are an important site at which the innate and adaptive immune responses converge but their architecture and function is severely disrupted during S. Typhimurium infection. To further understand host-pathogen interactions at this site, we used mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) to analyse MLN tissue from a murine model of S. Typhimurium infection. A molecule, identified as palmitoylcarnitine (PalC), was of particular interest due to its high abundance at loci of S. Typhimurium infection and MLN disruption. High levels of PalC localised to sites within the MLNs where B and T cells were absent and where the perimeter of CD169+ sub capsular sinus macrophages was disrupted. MLN cells cultured ex vivo and treated with PalC had reduced CD4+CD25+ T cells and an increased number of B220+CD19+ B cells. The reduction in CD4+CD25+ T cells was likely due to apoptosis driven by increased caspase-3/7 activity. These data indicate that PalC significantly alters the host response in the MLNs, acting as a decisive factor in infection outcome

Oral Probiotic Control Skin Inflammation by Acting on Both Effector and Regulatory T Cells

Probiotics are believed to alleviate allergic and inflammatory skin disorders, but their impact on pathogenic effector T cells remains poorly documented. Here we show that oral treatment with the probiotic bacteria L. casei (DN-114 001) alone alleviates antigen-specific skin inflammation mediated by either protein-specific CD4+ T cells or hapten-specific CD8+ T cells. In the model of CD8+ T cell-mediated skin inflammation, which reproduces allergic contact dermatitis in human, inhibition of skin inflammation by L. casei is not due to impaired priming of hapten-specific IFNγ-producing cytolytic CD8+ effector T cells. Alternatively, L. casei treatment reduces the recruitment of CD8+ effector T cells into the skin during the elicitation (i.e. symptomatic) phase of CHS. Inhibition of skin inflammation by L. casei requires MHC class II-restricted CD4+ T cells but not CD1d-restricted NK-T cells. L casei treatment enhanced the frequency of FoxP3+ Treg in the skin and increased the production of IL-10 by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in skin draining lymph nodes of hapten-sensitized mice. These data demonstrate that orally administered L. casei (DN-114 001) efficiently alleviate T cell-mediated skin inflammation without causing immune suppression, via mechanisms that include control of CD8+ effector T cells and involve regulatory CD4+ T cells. L. casei (DN-114 001) may thus represent a probiotic of potential interest for immunomodulation of T cell-mediated allergic skin diseases in human

Probiotic Bacteria Induce a ‘Glow of Health’

Radiant skin and hair are universally recognized as indications of good health. However, this ‘glow of health’ display remains poorly understood. We found that feeding of probiotic bacteria to aged mice induced integumentary changes mimicking peak health and reproductive fitness characteristic of much younger animals. Eating probiotic yogurt triggered epithelial follicular anagen-phase shift with sebocytogenesis resulting in thick lustrous fur due to a bacteria-triggered interleukin-10-dependent mechanism. Aged male animals eating probiotics exhibited increased subcuticular folliculogenesis, when compared with matched controls, yielding luxuriant fur only in probiotic-fed subjects. Female animals displayed probiotic-induced hyperacidity coinciding with shinier hair, a feature that also aligns with fertility in human females. Together these data provide insights into mammalian evolution and novel strategies for integumentary health