Níveis De Estrona E Estradiol Em Pacientes Com Câncer De Mama Usando Anastrozol Não Estão Relacionados Ao índice De Massa Corpórea

Obesity is associated with an increased risk for breast cancer. Recent studies have shown that aromatase inhibitors may be less effective in women with a high body mass index (BMI). The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between the BMI and plasma estrone and estradiol levels in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer using anastrozole. Methods In this cohort study, the patients were divided into three groups according to BMI (normal weight, overweight and obese) to compare and correlate plasma hormone levels before starting anastrozole hormone therapy and three months after treatment. Plasma hormone levels were compared for age and use of chemotherapy. Results A statistically significant reduction in estrone and estradiol levels was observed between baseline and three months after starting the anastrozole treatment (p 0.05), but a significant reduction in plasma estrone levels was observed after three-months' treatment relative to baseline in all groups, as well as a reduction in estradiol in the obese group (p 65 years had no influence on plasma steroid levels. Conclusion Changes in estrone and estradiol levels in the studied groups were not associated with BMI, chemotherapy or age. Copyright © 2016, Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia. All rights reserved

Neutralization of the neuromuscular activity of bothropstoxin-i, a myotoxin from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom, by a hydroalcoholic extract of Casearia sylvestris Sw. (guaçatonga)

Numerous plants are used as snakebite antidotes in Brazilian folk medicine, including Casearia sylvestris Swartz, popularly known as guaçatonga. In this study, we examined the action of a hydroalcoholic extract from C. sylvestris on the neuromuscular blockade caused by bothropstoxin-I (BthTX-I), a myotoxin from Bothrops jararacussu venom, in mouse isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm (PND) preparations. Aqueous (8 and 12 mg/ml, n=4 and 5, respectively) and hydroalcoholic (12 mg/ml, n=12) extracts of the leaves of C. sylvestris caused facilitation in PND preparations followed by partial neuromuscular blockade. BthTX-I (20 µg/ml, n=4) caused 50% paralysis after 65±15 min (mean ± S.E.M). Preincubation (30 min at 37° C) of BthTX-I (20 µg/ml, n=4) with a concentration of the hydroalcoholic extract (4 mg/ml) that had no neuromuscular activity, such as the control (n=5), prevented the neuromuscular blockade caused by the toxin. This protection may be mediated by compounds such as flavonoids and phenols identified by thin-layer chromatography and colorimetric assays.465478Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

In vitro and in vivo safety evaluation of Dipteryx alata Vogel extract

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Dipteryx alata </it>Vogel popularly known as "baru" is an important commercial leguminous tree species from the Brazilian Cerrado, which possess medicinal properties, besides its fruits consumption by animals and humans. The use of the "naturally occurring plants" as herbal remedies and foods mainly from leaves, seeds, flowers and roots of plants or extracts require precautions before ensuring these are safe and efficacious. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of <it>D. alata </it>barks extract.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Vegetal drugs of <it>D. alata </it>barks were submitted to quality control assays and further to the safety assays under 1) <it>in vitro </it>parameter by <it>Salmonella </it>(Ames) mutagenicity, and 2) <it>in vivo </it>parameter on the pregnancy of rats.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The extract was non-mutagenic to any of the assessed strains TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102 even after metabolic activation (+S9). All <it>in vivo </it>parameters (reproductive ability evaluation, physical development of rat offsprings, and neurobehavioral development assays) showed no changes related to control group.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p><it>D. alata </it>barks extract is neither mutagenic by the Ames test nor toxic in the pregnancy of rats, with no physical-neurobehavioral consequences on the rat offsprings development.</p

Método Multiresiduo para determinar Pesticidas en Frutas por Extracción con Fluido Supercrítico

A rapid and reliable method for the determination of 25 compounds selected from four classes of pesticides in samples of fresh apples, grapes, pears, and strawberries purchased at a local supermarket, is presented. The study describes two different methods of extraction: solid-liquid extraction with acetone and supercritical fluid extraction. Clean-up was based on aminopropyl cartridge extraction followed by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector for simultaneous determinations. Confirmatory analysis was carried out by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry in the selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Extraction efficiencies were directly compared and the methods were applied to the analysis of real samples. Recoveries for a majority of pesticides from standard samples at enrichment levels of 0.04-0.10 mg/ kg ranged from 77 to 96 % for both methods. The supercritical fluid extraction method showed good limits of detection (less than 0.01 mg/kg, depending on the pesticide and matrix) as well as minimizing environmental concerns, time, and laboratory effort. © 2006 Centro de Información Tecnológica

Reproductive Performance Of Pregnant Rats And Embryotoxic Effects Of Ciprofloxacin

To observe the effect of ciprofloxacin on both pregnancy and physical development of fetuses, the drug was orally administered to thirty pregnant rats at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight from day-1 to day-19 of gestation. The intact rat fetuses were isolated on day-19 of gestation. Ciprofloxacin induced general changes in the reproductive performance of female rats and significant alterations in the development of the skeletal parameters of fetuses.6117980Barrow, M.V., Taylor, W.J., A rapid method for detecting malformations in rat fetuses (1967) J Morphol, 127, pp. 291-306Berkovitch, M., Pastuszak, A., Gazarian, M., Lewis, M., Koren, G., Safety of the new quinolones in pregnancy (1994) Obstet Gynecol, 84, pp. 535-538Danisovicova, A., Brezina, M., Belan, S., Kayserova, H., Kaiserova, E., Hruskovic, I., Orosova, K., Matheova, E., Magnetic resonance imaging in children receiving quinolones: No evidence of quinolone-induced arthropathy. A multicenter survey (1994) Chemotherapy, 40, pp. 209-214Dawson, A.B., Note on the staining of skeleton of cleared skeletal specimens with alizarin red S (1926) Stain Technol, 1, pp. 123-124Del Fiol, F., Gerenutti, M., Groppo, F.C., Antibiotics and pregnancy (2005) Pharmazie, 60, pp. 483-493Gerenutti, M., De-Souza Spinosa, H., Bernard, M.M., Algumas Considerações sobre a toxicologia do desenvolvimento (1991) Com. Cient. da Fac. Méd. Vet. e Zoot. da Universidade de São Paulo, 1, pp. 27-29Grady, R., Safety profile of quinolone antibiotics in the pediatric population (2003) Pediatr Meet Dis J, 22, pp. 1128-1132Hooton, T.M., Stamm, W.E., Diagnosis and treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection (1997) Infect Dis Clin North Am, 11, pp. 551-581Lemonica, I.P., Damascene, D.C., Di-Stasi, L.C., Study of the embryo-toxic effects of an extract of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) (1996) Braz J Med Biol Res, 29, pp. 223-227Loebstein, R., Addis, A., Ho, E., Andreou, R., Sage, S., Donnenfeld, A.E., Schick, B., Koren, G., Pregnancy outcome following gestational exposure to fluoroquinolones: A multicenter prospective controlled study (1998) Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 42, pp. 1336-1339Nagai, A., Miyazaki, M., Morita, T., Furubo, S., Kizawa, K., Fukumoto, H., Sanzen, T., Kawamura, Y., Comparative articular toxicity of garenoxacin, a novel quinolone antimicrobial agent, in juvenile beagle dogs (2002) J Toxicol Sci, 27, pp. 219-228Saravanos, K., Duff, P., The quinolone antibiotics (1992) Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am, 19, pp. 529-537Sterz, H., Lehmann, H., A critical comparison of the freehand razor-blade dessection method according to Wilson with an in-situ sectioning method for the rat fetuses (1985) Teratog Carcinog Mutagen, 5, pp. 347-354Vickery, B.H., Bennett, J.P., Rats and mice (1970) Reproduction and Beeding Techniques for Laboratory Animals, pp. 299-315. , Hafez ESE (ed). Philadelphia: Lea and FebigerYabe, K., Yoshida, K., Yamamoto, N., Nishida, S., Ohshima, C., Sekiguchi, M., Yamada, K., Furuhama, K., Diagnosis of quinolone-induced arthropathy in juvenile dogs by use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (1997) J Vet Med Sci, 59, pp. 597-59

Antibiotics And Pregnancy

Like anybody else, pregnant women are susceptible to infections. The correct treatment of these women, however, must consider along with pathogens, the infection site and antibiotic pharmacokinetics, the fetus and possible side effects to the child. When prescribing over this special condition, the physician must remember that the prescription will affect two organism and the drug must treat the mother without affecting the fetus. Beta-lactams having a long history of use without significant deleterious effects on the fetuses still are the safest choice during pregnancy. However, considering the constant increase of multi-resistant microorganisms, the physician has been forced to use different antimicrobial agents. Usually, data regarding safety during pregnancy are very limited, which causes serious doubts during prescription. In addition, many studies regarding the safe use of antibiotics during pregnancy are inconclusive or demand more evidence. 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(2000) J Antimicrob Chemother, 46 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 29-34Clark, P., Aztreonam (1992) Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am, 19, pp. 519-528Clemett, D., Markham, A., Linezolid (2000) Drugs, 59, pp. 815-827Conway, N., Birt, B.D., Streptomycin in pregnancy: Effect on the foetal ear (1965) Br Med J, 31, pp. 260-263Czeizel, A.E., Rockenbauer, M., A population-based case-control teratologic study of oral oxytetracycline treatment during pregnancy (2000) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 88, pp. 27-33Czeizel, A.E., Rockenbauer, M., Olsen, J., Use of antibiotics during pregnancy (1998) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 81, pp. 1-8Czeizel, A.E., Rockenbauer, M., Sorensen, H.T., Olsen, J., Teratogenic evaluation of oxacillin (1999) Scand J Infect Dis, 31, pp. 311-312Czeizel, A.E., Rockenbauer, M., Sorensen, H.T., Olsen, J., A population-based case-control teratologic study of oral erythromycin treatment during pregnancy (1999) Reprod Toxicol, 13, pp. 531-536Czeizel, A.E., Rockenbauer, M., Olsen, J., Sorensen, H.T., A teratological study of aminoglycoside antibiotic treatment during pregnancy (2000) Scand J Infect Dis, 32, pp. 309-313Czeizel, A.E., Rockenbauer, M., Olsen, J., Sorensen, H.T., Oral phenoxymethylpenicillin treatment during pregnancy. Results of a population-based Hungarian case-control study (2000) Arch Gynecol Obstet, 263, pp. 178-181Czeizel, A.E., Rockenbauer, M., Sorensen, H.T., Olsen, J., A population-based case-control teratologic study of oral chloramphenicol treatment during pregnancy (2000) Eur J Epidemiol, 16, pp. 323-327Czeizel, A.E., Rockenbauer, M., Sorensen, H.T., Olsen, J., The teratogenic risk of trimethoprim-sulfonamides: A population based case-control study (2001) Reprod Toxicol, 15, pp. 637-646Czeizel, A.E., Rockenbauer, M., Sorensen, H.T., Olsen, J., Use of cephalosporins during pregnancy and in the presence of congenital abnormalities: A population-based, case-control study (2001) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 184, pp. 1289-1296Czeizel, A.E., Rockenbauer, M., Sorensen, H.T., Olsen, J., A population-based case-control teratologic study of ampicillin treatment during pregnancy (2001) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 185, pp. 140-147Czeizel, A.E., Rockenbauer, M., Sorensen, H.T., Olsen, J., Augmentin treatment during pregnancy and the prevalence of congenital abnormalities: A population-based case-control teratologic study (2001) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 97, pp. 188-192Danisovicova, A., Brezina, M., Belan, S., Kayserova, H., Kaiserova, E., Hruskovic, I., Orosova, K., Matheova, E., Magnetic resonance imaging in children receiving quinolones: No evidence of quinolone-induced arthropathy. 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Deficiency of macro- and micronutrients induced by Lentinula edodes

Mushroom Lentinula edodes has been widely studied therapeutically. However, there is no data regarding its daily intake level safety. Since L. edodes has many active compounds known to bind to metals, we evaluated macro and micronutrients in liver and kidney of healthy rats after subchronic exposure to L. edodes. Rats were divided into four groups, receiving water and L. edodes at 100, 400 and 800 mg/kg/day. The treatment lasted 30 days. Essential elements (Zn, Cu, Mg, Fe, Mn, Se, Co, Mo, and Li) were analyzed in an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Our results demonstrated a significant decrease in Cu, Fe, Mn and Co levels in liver of rats receiving L. edodes at the highest doses. In kidney, Mn, Mo and Li concentrations significantly dropped in the groups exposed to the highest doses. In this way, an important point is revealed concerning the food safety from L. edodes, once its chronic and high consumption could contribute to macro and micronutrients deficiency. Additionally, we speculate that the daily use of L. edodes could be unsuccessful for patients in mineral therapy besides being able to be unsafe for individuals with some propensity to mineral deficiency

Antimicrobial therapy during pregnancy

Like anybody else, pregnant women are susceptible to infections. The correct treatment of these women, however, must consider along with pathogens, the infection site and antibiotic pharmacokinetics, the fetus and possible side effects to the child. When prescribing over this special condition, the physician must remember that the prescription will affect two people and the drug must treat the mother without affect the fetus. Beta-lactams having a long history of use without significant deleterious effects on the fetuses still are the safest choice during pregnancy. However, considering the constant increase of multi-resistant microorganisms, the physician has been forced to use some kind of different antimicrobial agent. Usually, data regarding safety during pregnancy are very limited on the "newer agents", which causes serious doubts during their prescription. In addition, many studies regarding the safety use of antibiotics during pregnancy are inconclusive or demand more evidences. The present study is a wide revision regarding the use of antibiotics during pregnancy, considering their pharmacokinetics and the clinical experience in recent years. © Copyright Moreira Jr. Editora.Como quaisquer pessoas, gestantes estão sujeitas às infecções. O correto tratamento dessas mulheres deve considerar, além da sensibilidade dos patógenos, o local da infecção, a farmacocinética do antibiótico, os possíveis efeitos colaterais no feto e no neonato. Ao prescrever nessa condição especial, o médico deve lembrar-se que estará prescrevendo para dois organismos distintos e o fármaco deve tratar a mãe sem afetar o feto. Os beta-lactâmicos têm uma longa história de uso sem efeitos significativos no fetos e ainda são a escolha mais segura durante a gestação, embora o constante aumento no número de microrganismos multirresistentes tenha forçado os médicos a prescreverem diferentes antimicrobianos. Normalmente os dados a respeito da segurança de fármacos durante a gestação são muito limitados, causando dúvidas no momento da prescrição. Some-se a isso o fato de que muitos estudos sobre a segurança de antibióticos durante a gestação são inconclusivos ou demandam maiores evidências. O presente trabalho é uma ampla revisão a respeito do uso de antibióticos durante a gestação, sua farmacocinética e experiência clínica recente643111119Mantovani, A., Calamandrei, G., Delayed developmental effects following prenatal exposure to drugs (2001) Curr Pharm Des, 7, pp. 859-880Mengue, S.S., Schenkel, E.P., Duncan, B.B., Schmidt, M., Drug use by pregnant women in six Brazilian cities (2001) Rev Saude Publica, 35, pp. 415-420Gomes, K.R., Moron, A.F., Silva, R., Siqueira, A.A., Prevalence of use of medicines during pregnancy and its relationship to maternal factors (1999) Rev Saude Publica, 33, pp. 246-254Rao, J.M., Arulappu, R., Drug use in pregnancy. How to avoid problems (1981) Drugs, 22, pp. 409-414Christensen, B., Which antibiotics are appropriate for treating bacteriuria in pregnancy? 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A multicenter survey (1994) Chemotherapy, 40, pp. 209-214Reid, D.W., Caille, G., Kaufmann, N.R., Maternal and transplacental kinetics of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, separately and in combination (1975) Can Med Assoc J, 14, pp. 67-72Czeizel, A.E., Rockenbauer, M., Sorensen, H.T., Olsen, J., The teratogenic risk of trimethoprim-sulfonamides: A population based case-control study (2001) Reprod Toxicol, 15, pp. 637-646Ahlfors, C.E., Unbound bilirubin associated with kernicterus: A historical approach (2000) J Pediatr, 137, pp. 540-544Perkins, R.P., Hydrops fetalis and stillbirth in a male glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient fetus possibly due to maternal ingestion of sulfisoxazolea case report (1971) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 111, pp. 379-381Hernandez-Diaz, S., Werler, M.M., Walker, A.M., Mitchell, A.A., Folic acid antagonists during pregnancy and the risk of birth defects (2000) N Engl J Med, 343 (30), pp. 1608-1614Like anybody else, pregnant women are susceptible to infections. The correct treatment of these women, however, must consider along with pathogens, the infection site and antibiotic pharmacokinetics, the fetus and possible side effects to the child. When prescribing over this special condition, the physician must remember that the prescription will affect two people and the drug must treat the mother without affect the fetus. Beta-lactams having a long history of use without significant deleterious effects on the fetuses still are the safest choice during pregnancy. However, considering the constant increase of multi-resistant microorganisms, the physician has been forced to use some kind of different antimicrobial agent. Usually, data regarding safety during pregnancy are very limited on the "newer agents", which causes serious doubts during their prescription. In addition, many studies regarding the safety use of antibiotics during pregnancy are inconclusive or demand more evidences. The present study is a wide revision regarding the use of antibiotics during pregnancy, considering their pharmacokinetics and the clinical experience in recent year