Continuous intravascular blood gas monitoring: development, current techniques, and clinical use of a commercial device

This review focuses on the development, current techniques, and clinical use of continuous intravascular blood gas monitoring (CIBM) devices in anaesthesia and intensive care. The operating principles, range of application, performance, limitations, costs, and impact on patient treatment and outcome, are discussed. Studies of early and currently available CIBM devices were analysed. At present, the Paratrend 7+® (PT7+®) for adults and Neotrend™ (NT™) for newborns are the only commercially available CIBM systems. The PT7+® contains three optical sensors to measure Po2, Pco2 and pH, as well as a thermocouple to measure temperature. The NT™ is a modification of the PT7+® to continuously monitor Po2, Pco2, pH and temperature in newborns. Under laboratory conditions, good performance over a wide range of blood gas values was observed with the Paratrend 7® (PT7®). Performance in the clinical setting was not as satisfactory, especially for Po2 values. However, the performance and accuracy of CIBM devices appear to be sufficient for clinical use and they are being used clinically in selected patient groups. Several factors affecting the performance of CIBM are considered. Br J Anaesth 2003: 91; 397-40

Information management throughout the life cycle of buildings - Basics and new approaches such as blockchain

Ensuring sustainability for real estate is subject - among other aspects - to building related information. This information needs to be stored and updated continuously throughout the life cycle of a building. A delivery to buyers, tenants, consultants or other actors must be possible at any time. However, in most cases transactions cause significant loss of information while the issues associated with the "building passport" approach remains unsolved to date. Considering the long service life of buildings, various questions arise: (1) How to support data generation and storage within the life cycle and how to encourage actors to compete? (2) How to assure a high data quality and how to store it over a long period of time? (3) How to assure that all data users can track down the data owners at any point of time to manage compliance and legal issues? (4) Are there any new business models or new scopes for designers or other service providers? Information needs of actors along the life cycle are analysed and new information technologies (e.g. blockchain) are discussed. A relation to Building Information Modeling (BIM) is shown. Potentials of enhancing existing approaches regarding documentation retracing and accessibility of building and life cycle related information by using new technologies and IT are discussed; benefits of using a blockchain based system is pointed out by referring to existing pilot projects and first examples. Solution approaches for building passports are shown

Continuous intravascular blood gas monitoring: development, current techniques, and clinical use of a commercial device

This review focuses on the development, current techniques, and clinical use of continuous intravascular blood gas monitoring (CIBM) devices in anaesthesia and intensive care. The operating principles, range of application, performance, limitations, costs, and impact on patient treatment and outcome, are discussed. Studies of early and currently available CIBM devices were analysed. At present, the Paratrend 7+® (PT7+®) for adults and Neotrend™ (NT™) for newborns are the only commercially available CIBM systems. The PT7+® contains three optical sensors to measure Po2, Pco2 and pH, as well as a thermocouple to measure temperature. The NT™ is a modification of the PT7+® to continuously monitor Po2, Pco2, pH and temperature in newborns. Under laboratory conditions, good performance over a wide range of blood gas values was observed with the Paratrend 7® (PT7®). Performance in the clinical setting was not as satisfactory, especially for Po2 values. However, the performance and accuracy of CIBM devices appear to be sufficient for clinical use and they are being used clinically in selected patient groups. Several factors affecting the performance of CIBM are considered. Br J Anaesth 2003: 91; 397-40

On the Usability of Probably Approximately Correct Implication Bases

We revisit the notion of probably approximately correct implication bases from the literature and present a first formulation in the language of formal concept analysis, with the goal to investigate whether such bases represent a suitable substitute for exact implication bases in practical use-cases. To this end, we quantitatively examine the behavior of probably approximately correct implication bases on artificial and real-world data sets and compare their precision and recall with respect to their corresponding exact implication bases. Using a small example, we also provide qualitative insight that implications from probably approximately correct bases can still represent meaningful knowledge from a given data set.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures; typos added, corrected x-label on graph

Revisiting Pattern Structure Projections

International audienceFormal concept analysis (FCA) is a well-founded method for data analysis and has many applications in data mining. Pattern structures is an extension of FCA for dealing with complex data such as sequences or graphs. However the computational complexity of computing with pattern structures is high and projections of pattern structures were introduced for simplifying computation. In this paper we introduce o-projections of pattern structures, a generalization of projections which defines a wider class of projections preserving the properties of the original approach. Moreover, we show that o-projections form a semilattice and we discuss the correspondence between o-projections and the representation contexts of o-projected pattern structures

IrF4: From Tetrahedral Compass Model to Topological Semimetal

The intersection of topology, symmetry, and magnetism yields a rich structure of possible phases. In this work, we study theoretically the consequences of magnetism on IrF4, which was recently identified as a possible candidate topological nodal chain semimetal in the absence of magnetic order. We show that the spin-orbital nature of the Ir moments gives rise to strongly anisotropic magnetic couplings resembling a tetrahedral compass model on a diamond lattice. The predicted magnetic ground state preserves key symmetries protecting the nodal lines, such that they persist into the ordered phase at the mean-field level. The consequences for other symmetry reductions are also discussed

Practical Use of Formal Concept Analysis in Service-Oriented Computing

International audiencePervasive applications are encountered in a number of settings, including smart houses, intelligent buildings or connected plants. Service-Oriented Computing is today the technology of choice for implementing and exposing resources in such environments. The selection of appropriate services at the right moment in order to compose meaningful applications is however a real issue. In this paper, we propose a FCA-based solution to this problem.We have integrated FCA algorithms in our pervasive gateways and adapted them in order to allow efficient runtime selection of heterogeneous and dynamic services. This work has been applied to realistic use cases in the scope of a European project