The modular method: Milkfish pond culture

The modular method of milkfish culture (Chanos chanos) described in the manual is an improvement over the traditional extensive method. The manual is intended for the use of fish farmers and aquaculturists, extensionists, and students of aquaculture not only in the Philippines, but also in other milkfish-producing countries in Southeast Asia and the world. It covers the following: Interesting facts about milkfish -- biological characteristics, artificial breeding of milkfish; Design and operation of modular pond system -- pond preparation, stocking in the nursery or transition ponds, stocking in the rearing ponds, care of stock, pond utilization and production schedule, harvest and post-harvest; and, Economics and costing

Grouper culture in floating net cages

The manual describes the culture of groupers (Epinephelus) in floating cages, providing a farming option for grouper growers and also a production alternative to the farmed species being done today, such as shrimp, milkfish and tilapia. The following aspects are covered: species identification for commercially cultured groupers; source of stock; net cage specifications; anchor; hides and shelters; nursery net cage operation; production cages; harvesting; post-harvest; profitability analysis of grouper cage culture; and, cost and return of growing grouper in cages

A Caverna Do Diabo: O ensaio romântico de Valeriano De Souza e as religiões afrobrasileiras em Alagoas, no séc. XIX

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una reflexión inicial sobre la constitución histórica de las religiones afro-brasileñas en Alagoas, en el siglo XIX. Para ello, se utilizará como guía el folletín "La Cueva del Diablo: ensayo romántico" por Valeriano de Souza, publicado en la revista The Orb, en diferentes ediciones en 1884. Se destaca allí, la ideología de la intelectualidad Alagoana sobre los esclavos, los africanos y sus prácticas mágico-religiosas. También se explica el proceso de creación de una identidad cultural local, las concepciones impregnadas por el racismo y la demonización del "otro", que tiende a intensificarse en los finales del siglo XIX y Post-Abolición. Por último, se tratará de establecer hipótesis sobre la formación de alagoanos xangôs que podrían contribuir a la investigación que puedan surgir sobre el tema.O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma reflexão inicial sobre o processo de constituição histórica das religiões afrobrasileiras em Alagoas, no século XIX. Para isso, utilizar-se-á como guia o folhetim “A Caverna do Diabo: ensaio romântico”, de Valeriano de Souza, publicado no jornal O Orbe, em diferentes edições no ano de 1884. Destaca-se ali, a ideologia da intelectualidade alagoana sobre os escravos, africanos e suas práticas mágico-religiosas. Também se problematiza o processo de constituição de uma identidade cultural local, permeada por concepções racistas e de demonização do “Outro”, que tendeu a se intensificar em fins do XIX e no Pós-Abolição. Por fim, busca-se estabelecer hipóteses de interpretação sobre a formação dos xangôs alagoanos que poderão contribuir com as novas pesquisas que surgem sobre o tema

Iá Mi Oxorongá: As Mães Ancestrais e o Poder Feminino na Religião Africana

O objetivo deste artigo é a partir da análise de um mito sobre as Iá Mi Oxorongá, registrar a importância do culto às “Mães Ancestrais” em certa sociedade africana, suas características arquetípicas e a distribuição de parte desses aspectos nos orixás femininos. O mito escolhido para o estudo é o de nº. [204] referenciado pelo sociólogo Reginaldo Prandi em sua obra Mitologia dos Orixás2. A escolha deste mito se deu por se tratar de um pequeno resumo das características das Iá Mi Oxorongá, sua origem mítica e comportamento. Metodologicamente, dividiu-se o mito em blocos de significado, sendo numeradas as sentenças de 1 a 52 (transcrito em anexo). Buscou-se, trazer à tona o mais significativo em cada bloco, aprofundando o sentido dos períodos em que as características das Iá Mi Oxorongá favorecessem a reflexão. Por fim, quer-se possibilitar uma aproximação pontual na relação de significados entre as religiões africanas e as afro-brasileiras. Tal abordagem se faz importante ao se buscar compreender melhor: (a) os significados do poder feminino na religião africana; e (b) a releitura destes no Candomblé. Com esses elementos fazer um breve apontamento sobre o papel desempenhado pelas mulheres como agentes mantenedoras das tradições culturais afro-brasileiras e dos segredos da religião.The objective of this article is from the analysis of a myth on the Iá Mi Oxorongá, to register the importance of the cult to the "Ancestral Mothers" in the African society, its archetypical characteristics and the distribution of part of these aspects in orisha feminine. The myth chosen for the study is of nº. [ 204 ] referenced by sociologist Reginaldo Prandi in its workmanship Mythology of the Orisha. The choice of this myth if gave for if dealing with a small summary of the characteristics of the Iá Mi Oxorongá, its mythical origin and behavior. Methodologically, divided the myth block-type of meaning, being numbered the sentences of 1 the 52 (transcribed in annex). One searched, to bring to tone the most significant in each block, being gone deep direction of the periods where the characteristics of the Iá Mi Oxorongá favored the reflection. Finally, it is wanted to make possible a prompt approach in the relation of meanings between the African religions and the afro-Brazilians. Such approach makes it important to if searching to understand better: (a) the meanings of the feminine power in the African religion; e (b) the lecture of this in the Candomblé. With these elements to make a brief note on the role played for the women as agents of the cultural afro-Brazilian traditions and the secrets of the religion, under the influence of the socioeconomics transformations in Brazil

Fruticultura orgânica: avaliação de parâmetros para o ensacamento de frutos de pereira.

No estado de Santa Catarina o cultivo da pereira se encontra em plena expansão, pois se constitui numa alternativa de renda para os agricultores familiares. A pereira é um hospedeiro potencial da mosca-da-fruta (Anastrepha fraterculus) que pode causar perdas expressivas na qualidade e quantidade de seus frutos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar o momento adequado para o ensacamento de frutos através do estudo da relação entre o diâmetro de frutos das cultivares de pêra Packham's e William's. Os tratamentos foram frutos de pêra de diferentes diâmetros colhidos em diferentes intervalos de tempo. O delineamento experimental foi completamente casualizado com dez repetições, considerando como uma unidade experimental um fruto com dois casais de mosca-da-frutas acondicionados em um pote plástico de 750 mL. Nas cultivares Packham's e William's o ataque ocorreu a partir de 6,0 e 6,4 cm de diâmetro respectivamente. Desta forma, para garantir a proteção dos frutos de pereira o ensacamento deve ser realizado antes que os frutos atinjam 6 cm de diâmetro.Resumo apresentado no VII Congresso Brasileiro de Agroecologia, Fortaleza, CE, de 12 a 16 de dezembro de 2011

Study of symptoms and gene expression in four Pinus species after pinewood nematode infection

Pine wilt disease, caused by the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle, is originating severe infections in pine trees. The disease is detected when external symptoms appear (e.g. needle chlorosis), but trees could remain asymptomatic for long periods and serve as a long-term host. The primary goal of this study was to assess the effect of inoculation with an avirulent isolate of B. xylophilus (C14-5) on different Pinus spp. seedlings (P. sylvestris, P. nigra, P. pinea and P. pinaster). At the same time, seedlings were also inoculated with a virulent strain, HF, in order to compare the phenotypic and genomic results of the two types of inoculations. The effect of inoculation was determined in terms of expression of various Pinus genes potentially involved in the response to the disease.The results suggest that P. pinea and P. nigra are more resistant to infection by the nematode than P. sylvestris and P. pinaster. The phenotypic and genetic differences were more marked among P. pinea and P. pinaster.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

EcDBS1R4, an antimicrobial peptide effective against Escherichia coli with in vitro fusogenic ability

©2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open accessarticle distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution(CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)Discovering antibiotic molecules able to hold the growing spread of antimicrobial resistance is one of the most urgent endeavors that public health must tackle. The case of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens is of special concern, as they are intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics, due to an outer membrane that constitutes an effective permeability barrier. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been pointed out as potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics, as their main mechanism of action is membrane disruption, arguably less prone to elicit resistance in pathogens. Here, we investigate the in vitro activity and selectivity of EcDBS1R4, a bioinspired AMP. To this purpose, we have used bacterial cells and model membrane systems mimicking both the inner and the outer membranes of Escherichia coli, and a variety of optical spectroscopic methodologies. EcDBS1R4 is effective against the Gram-negative E. coli, ineffective against the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and noncytotoxic for human cells. EcDBS1R4 does not form stable pores in E. coli, as the peptide does not dissipate its membrane potential, suggesting an unusual mechanism of action. Interestingly, EcDBS1R4 promotes a hemi-fusion of vesicles mimicking the inner membrane of E. coli. This fusogenic ability of EcDBS1R4 requires the presence of phospholipids with a negative curvature and a negative charge. This finding suggests that EcDBS1R4 promotes a large lipid spatial reorganization able to reshape membrane curvature, with interesting biological implications herein discussed.This research was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia—Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (FCT-MCTES, Portugal), Marie Skłodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (MSCA-RISE, European Union) project INPACT (call H2020-MSCA-RISE-2014, grant agreement 644167), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brazil), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Brazil), Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAPDF, Brazil) and Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (FUNDECT, Brazil). M.M. and M.R.F. also acknowledge FCT-MCTES fellowships SPRH/BD/128290/2017 and SPRH/BD/100517/2014, respectively.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Star formation in Cometary globule 1: the second generation

C18O spectral line observations, NIR spectrosopy, narrow and broad band NIR imaging and stellar J,H,Ks photometry are used to analyse the structure of the archetype cometary globule 1 (CG 1) head and the extinction of stars in its direction. A young stellar object (YSO) associated with a bright NIR nebulosity and a molecular hydrogen object (a probable obscured HH-object), were discovered in the globule. Molecular hydrogen and Br_gamma line emission is seen in the direction of the YSO. The observed maximum optical extinction in the globule head is 9.2 magnitudes. The peak N(H2) column density and the total mass derived from the extinction are 9.0 10^21 cm-2 and and 16.7 Msun (d/300pc)^2. C18O emission in the globule head is detected in a 1.5'' by 4' area with a sharp maximum SW of the YSO. Three regions can be discerned in C18O line velocity and excitation temperature. Because of variations in the C18O excitation temperature the integrated line emission does not follow the optical extinction. It is argued that the variations in the C18O excitation temperatures are caused by radiative heating by NX Pup and interaction of the YSO with the parent cloud. No indication of a strong molecular outflow from the YSO is evident in the molecular line data. The IRAS point source 07178-4429 located in the CG 1 head resolves into two sources in the HIRES enhanced IRAS images. The 12 and 25 micron emission originates mainly in the star NX Puppis and the 60 and 100 micron emission in the YSO. The IRAS FIR luminosity of the YSO is 3.1 Lsun.Comment: Language checked v2. Accepted for publication in A&A. 16 pages, 20 figures. C18O data will be available electronicall