Brouwer and Nietzsche : Views about Life, Views about Logic

Friedrich Nietzsche and Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer had strong personalities and freely expressed unconventional opinions. In particular, they dared to challenge the traditional view that considered Aristotelian logic as being absolute and intrinsic to man. Although they formed this opinion in different ways and in different contexts (Nietzsche was born in Saxony and lived in the second half of the nineteenth century, beginning his career as a classical philologist before turning to philosophy; Brouwer was a Dutch mathematician who lived from 1881 to 1966), they both based it on a view of life that considered it as a struggle for power in which logic was a weapon. Therefore, it is interesting to carry out an in-depth analysis on the origins, the core of their opinions concerning logic and the consequences. As a matter of fact, a detailed analysis and a comparison of their contributions to the philosophy of logic have not yet been carried out. In this paper, I intend to present the results of my research on this subject performed by taking into account the studies conducted by E. Steinhart, O. Schutte and S.D. Hales

In the footsteps of Julius König's paradox

K\uf6nig's paradox, that he presented for the first time in 1905, preserved the same structure in all his papers: there was a number that at the same time was and was not finitely definable. Still, he changed the way for forming it, and both its consequences and its solutions changed as well. In the present paper we are going to follow the story of K\uf6nig's paradox, that is an intriguing mix of labelling, solving, criticising an "object" from different viewpoints and for different aims

Logic and totalitarianism: Arendt vs. Orwell

The final chapter of Hannah Arendt\u2018s 1951 book The Origins of Totalitarianism can be used as a good guide to schematize the construction of a totalitarian government as it was described in Orwell\u2019s novel 1984. Namely, Arendt points out three steps that a state performs in order to obtain the murder of the juridical, moral and spontaneous person, and we find the same ones in Orwell. Still, in spite of this similarity, Hannah Arendt and George Orwell have very different opinions, if we consider their views about the role of logic in totalitarianism. For Orwell, the loss of sensitivity to the contradictions is the culmination of the totalitarian regime, which he sees strewn with them: if you do not notice contradictions in history, then do not feel compelled to change it. On the contrary, for Arendt it is the fear of contradiction that keeps people within the tunnel of totalitarianism: when you accept an initial idea (for instance: \u201chistory is a class struggle\u201d), then you have to develop logically all its consequences and you are no more allowed to escape from them. In this paper, we will consider authors\u2019 reasons in detail and try to take stock of them

Current trends on subtotal petrosectomy with cochlear implantation in recalcitrant chronic middle ear disorders Attualità in tema di petrosectomia subtotale con impianto cocleare nelle patologie croniche dellorecchio medio recalcitranti

Obiettivo. Stabilire la sicurezza ed efficacia dell’intervento di petrosectomia subtotale con posizionamento di impianto cocleare nei pazienti affetti da patologia cronica dell’orecchio medio refrattaria a precedenti trattamenti chirurgici. Metodi. È stato svolto uno studio retrospettivo multicentrico riguardante quei pazienti af- fetti da patologie croniche dell’orecchio medio recalcitranti, sottoposti a petrosectomia subtotale con posizionamento di impianto cocleare. Le informazioni sono state raccolte dai database di 11 centri di riferimento di III livello in Italia. A complemento, è stata svolta una revisione della più recente letteratura. Risultati. Nello studio sono stati inclusi 55 pazienti con un follow-up medio di 44 mesi. Il colesteatoma ha rappresentato la più comune pato- logia ricorrente dell’orecchio medio e il 50,9% dei pazienti aveva una cavità aperta. L’80% dei pazienti è stato sottoposto ad una chirurgia a singolo stadio. Sette pazienti hanno mostrato complicanze post-operatorie, di cui un caso di espianto. Conclusioni. L’intervento di petrosectomia subtotale con posizionamento di impianto cocleare rappresenta una tecnica chirurgica di riferimento per la gestione dei pazienti affetti da otite media cronica recalcitrante. L’intervento chirurgico a singolo stadio è la strategia più frequentemente raccomandata. Il follow-up ottimale è ancora ad oggi oggetto di dibattito. Sono richiesti ulteriori studi per stabilire il ruolo di questo intervento nei pazienti pediatrici.Objective. To establish the safety and effectiveness of subtotal petrosectomy with cochlear implantation in patients affected by chronic middle ear disorders to refractory to previous surgical treatments. Methods. A multicentre, retrospective study was conducted on patients affected by recalcitrant chronic middle ear disorders who underwent cochlear implantation in combination with subtotal petrosectomy. Patients’ details were collected from databases of 11 Italian tertiary referral centres. Additionally, a review of the most updated literature was carried out. Results. 55 patients were included with a mean follow-up time of 44 months. Cholesteatoma was the most common middle ear recurrent pathology and 50.9% of patients had an open cavity. 80% of patients underwent a single stage surgery. One case of explantation for device failure was reported among the 7 patients with post-operative complications. Conclusions. Subtotal petrosectomy with cochlear implantation is a benchmark for management of patients with recalcitrant chronic middle ear disorders. A single stage procedure is the most recommended strategy. Optimal follow-up is still debated. Further studies are required to investigate the role of this surgery in paediatric patients

Current trends on subtotal petrosectomy with cochlear implantation in recalcitrant chronic middle ear disorders

Objective. To establish the safety and effectiveness of subtotal petrosectomy with cochlear implantation in patients affected by chronic middle ear disorders to refractory to previous surgical treatments. Methods. A multicentre, retrospective study was conducted on patients affected by recalcitrant chronic middle ear disorders who underwent cochlear implantation in combi-nation with subtotal petrosectomy. Patients’ details were collected from databases of 11 Italian tertiary referral centres. Additionally, a review of the most updated literature was carried out. Results. 55 patients were included with a mean follow-up time of 44 months. Cholestea-toma was the most common middle ear recurrent pathology and 50.9% of patients had an open cavity. 80% of patients underwent a single stage surgery. One case of explantation for device failure was reported among the 7 patients with post-operative complications. Conclusions. Subtotal petrosectomy with cochlear implantation is a benchmark for management of patients with recalcitrant chronic middle ear disorders. A single stage procedure is the most recommended strategy. Optimal follow-up is still debated. Further studies are required to investigate the role of this surgery in paediatric patients

Antirealism and the Roles of Truth

Geschiedenis van Antieke en Middeleeuwse Semantie

Arend Heyting About The Relationship Science-Religion

The 1971 meeting of the International Academy of the Philosophy of Science, devoted to science, philosophy and faith, gave the famous Dutch logician Arend Heyting the occasion to briefly express his opinions about the relationship between religion and the sciences. His main reference was Julian Huxley\u2019s humanism, but he also presented contributions stemming from other scholars. In this paper, I will try to obtain a picture of Heyting\u2019s religious thought as rich and articulated as possible, by confronting his thought with that of the authors quoted by him, i.e. Julian Huxley, Bertrand Russell, Ian Ramsey, Gerrit Mannoury and L.E.J. Brouwer