Results of the 1997–1998 multi-country FAO activity on containment and control of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, in Central Europe

A Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Technical Cooperation Programme (TCP)was undertaken on the western corn rootworm (WCR)in 1997 –1998 to establish a permanent moni- toring network,evaluate a containment and control program,test the feasibility and effectiveness of using a Slam ®-based areawide pest management program,develop training materials,and conduct a risk assessment of the potential for WCR spread and establishment in other areas of Europe.TCP countries were Bosnia-Her- zegovina,Croatia,Hungary,and Romania.Bulgaria and Yugoslavia cooperated as unofficial TCP members. The data from the permanent monitoring network showed that the WCR had spread over an area of about 105,600 km 2 in Central Europe and that economic populations had developed on 14,000 km 2 in Yugoslavia through 1998.The containment and control trapping program,although designed to determine the feasibility of restricting the establishment of WCR beetles in an area,did not prove to be successful due to the number of WCR beetles encountered and their rapid movement into previously uninfested areas.The areawide pest management activity showed that the semiochemical Slam was highly efficacious against WCR beetles with residual activity for up to 2 weeks,thus making it a cost-effective alternative to other controls.Also, investigations showed that WCR will continue to spread and establish in other parts of Europe

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Une souche nécrogène du plum pox potyvirus provoque un dépérissement sur certains cultivars de pêcher

National audienc

End-of-life care in the intensive care unit: the perceived barriers, supports, and changes needed

Objective. To identify perceived barriers, supports and changes needed to improve end-of-life care (EOLC) in the intensive care unit (ICU) and to compare physicians’ perceptions with those of nurses. Methods. We conducted a survey of critical care physicians and nurses in an academic medical center via a 3-item survey with open-ended statements regarding the strongest barriers, supports and changes needed to improve EOLC in ICU. Results. Thirty-four percent of all respondents identified physicians as the biggest barrier and thirty-three percent recognized nursing staff as the strongest support towards optimal EOLC. Improved communication was identified by 30% of respondents as the change most needed to improve EOLC. No significant differences between physicians and nurses were observed. Conclusions. Critical care physicians and nurses identified similar barriers, supports and the changes most needed to improve EOLC in the ICU. Recognition of physicians as the strongest barrier, and communication as the change most needed indicate areas for improvement. The finding of nurses as the strongest support for good EOLC provides the opportunity to strengthen their role in the care of the dying patient. Further study of these findings will help develop strategies to improve EOLC in the ICU