The direct synthesis of crosslinked polymeric azomethines

Char yields of synthesized crosslinked polymeric azomethine

Polymeric Schiff bases. 17 - Azomethine copolymers

Chemical synthesis of azomethine copolymers by melt polymerization techniques - polymeric Schiff base

The political economy of universal health coverage. Background paper for the global symposium on health systems research

This paper is one of several in a series commissioned by the World Health Organization for the First Global Symposium on Health Systems Research, held 16-19 November, 2010, in Montreux, Switzerland. The goal of these papers is to initiate a dialogue on the critical issues in health systems research. The opinions expressed in these papers are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the symposium organizers. This paper has financial support from the Rockefeller Foundation; the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research; and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (GTZ)

The electroretinogram:a useful tool for evaluating age-related macular disease?

With an ageing population, the number of age-related macular disease (ARMD) cases will inevitably rise. This gives greater impetus for the need to identify the disease earlier and assess treatments to slow disease progression. Differing electroretinogram (ERG) modalities have been reviewed in relation to the objective assessment of retinal function in ARMD and for monitoring the effectiveness of clinical interventions. Conflicting results have been found with regard to the efficacy of ERG findings in the investigation of ARMD in previous years. The newer multifocal ERG paradigm provides spatial topographical information about retinal function in ARMD. It has shown promising results in monitoring effectiveness of clinical interventions and studies are continuing in this area. Better knowledge of retinal function in ARMD may lead to enhanced treatments at each phase of the disease

Release Note -- Vbfnlo-2.6.0

Vbfnlo is a flexible parton level Monte Carlo program for the simulation of vector boson fusion (VBF), double and triple vector boson (plus jet) production in hadronic collisions at next-to-leading order (NLO) in the strong coupling constant, as well as Higgs boson plus two jet production via gluon fusion at the one-loop level. This note briefly describes the main additional features and processes that have been added in the new release -- Vbfnlo Version 2.6.0. At NLO QCD diboson production (W\gamma, WZ, ZZ, Z\gamma and \gamma\gamma), same-sign W pair production via vector boson fusion and the process W\gamma\gamma j have been implemented (for which one-loop tensor integrals up to six-point functions are included). In addition, gluon induced diboson production can be studied separately at the leading order (one-loop) level. The diboson processes WW, WZ and W\gamma can be run with anomalous gauge boson couplings, and anomalous couplings between a Higgs and a pair of gauge bosons is included in WW, ZZ, Z\gamma and \gamma\gamma diboson production. The code has also been extended to include anomalous gauge boson couplings for single vector boson production via VBF, and a spin-2 model has been implemented for diboson pair production via vector boson fusion.Comment: 14 pages, 6 tables; new code available at http://www-itp.particle.uni-karlsruhe.de/vbfnlo

Velocity-Based Channel Charting with Spatial Distribution Map Matching

Fingerprint-based localization improves the positioning performance in challenging, non-line-of-sight (NLoS) dominated indoor environments. However, fingerprinting models require an expensive life-cycle management including recording and labeling of radio signals for the initial training and regularly at environmental changes. Alternatively, channel-charting avoids this labeling effort as it implicitly associates relative coordinates to the recorded radio signals. Then, with reference real-world coordinates (positions) we can use such charts for positioning tasks. However, current channel-charting approaches lag behind fingerprinting in their positioning accuracy and still require reference samples for localization, regular data recording and labeling to keep the models up to date. Hence, we propose a novel framework that does not require reference positions. We only require information from velocity information, e.g., from pedestrian dead reckoning or odometry to model the channel charts, and topological map information, e.g., a building floor plan, to transform the channel charts into real coordinates. We evaluate our approach on two different real-world datasets using 5G and distributed single-input/multiple-output system (SIMO) radio systems. Our experiments show that even with noisy velocity estimates and coarse map information, we achieve similar position accuraciesComment: This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessibl

Assessing the potential outcomes of achieving the World Health Organization global non-communicable diseases targets for risk factors by 2025: is there also an economic dividend?

International audienceOBJECTIVES:This study assesses the change in premature mortality and in morbidity under the scenario of meeting the World Health Organization (WHO) global targets for non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors (RFs) by 2025 in France. It also estimates medical expenditure savings because of the reduction of NCD burden.STUDY DESIGN:A microsimulation model is used to predict the future health and economic outcomes in France.METHODS:A 'RF targets' scenario, assuming the achievement of the six targets on RFs by 2025, is compared to a counterfactual scenario with respect to disability-adjusted life years and healthcare costs differences.RESULTS:The achievement of the RFs targets by 2025 would save about 25,300 (and 75,500) life years in good health in the population aged 25-64 (respectively 65+) years on average every year and would help to reduce healthcare costs by about €660 million on average per year, which represents 0.35% of the current annual healthcare spending in France. Such a reduction in RFs (net of the natural decreasing trend in mortality) would contribute to achieving about half of the 2030 NCD premature mortality target in France.CONCLUSIONS:The achievement of the RF targets would lead France to save life years and life years in good health in both working-age and retired people and would modestly reduce healthcare expenditures. To achieve RFs targets and to curb the growing burden of NCDs, France has to strengthen existing and implement new policy interventions

A supraomohyoidal plexus block designed to avoid complications

Interscalene blocks of the brachial plexus are used for surgery of the shoulder and are frequently associated with complications such as temporary phrenic block, Horner syndrome or hematoma. To minimize the risk of these complications, we developed an approach that avoids medially directed needle advancement and favors spread to lateral regions only: the supraomohyoidal block. We tested this procedure in 11 cadavers fixed by Thiel's method. The insertion site is at the lateral margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at the level of the cricoid cartilage. The needle is inserted in the axis of the plexus with an angle of approximately 35° to the skin, and advanced in lateral and caudal direction. Distribution of solution was determined in ten cadavers after bilateral injection of colored solution (20 and 30ml) and followed by dissection. In an eleventh cadaver, computerized tomography and 3D reconstruction after radio contrast injection was performed. In additional five cadavers we performed Winnie's technique with bilateral injection (20 and 30ml).Concerning the supraomohyoidal block the injection mass reached the infraclavicular region surrounded all trunks of the brachial plexus in the supraclavicular region and the suprascapular nerve in all cases. The solution did not spread medially beyond the lateral margin of the anterior scalene muscle into the scalenovertebral triangle. Therefore, phrenic nerve, stellate ganglion, laryngeal nerve nor the vertebral artery were exposed to the injected solution. Distribution was comparable with the use of 20 and 30ml of solution. Injections on five cadavers performing the interscalene block of Winnie resulted in an extended spread medially to the anterior scalene muscle.We conclude that our method may be a preferred approach due to its safety, because no structures out of interest were reached. Solution of 20ml is suggested to be enough for a successful bloc