Accelerated iterative methods for finding solutions of nonlinear equations and their dynamical behavior

In this paper, we present a family of optimal, in the sense of Kung-Traub's conjecture, iterative methods for solving nonlinear equations with eighth-order convergence. Our methods are based on Chun's fourth-order method. We use the Ostrowski's efficiency index and several numerical tests in order to compare the new methods with other known eighth-order ones. We also extend this comparison to the dynamical study of the different methodsThis research was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia MTM2011-28636-C02-02 and by the Center of Excellence for Mathematics, University of Shahrekord, Iran.Cordero Barbero, A.; Fardi, M.; Ghasemi, M.; Torregrosa Sánchez, JR. (2014). Accelerated iterative methods for finding solutions of nonlinear equations and their dynamical behavior. Calcolo. 51(1):17-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10092-012-0073-11730511Bi, W., Ren, H., Wu, Q.: Three-step iterative methods with eighth-order convergence for solving nonlinear equations. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 255, 105–112 (2009)Blanchard, P.: Complex analytic dynamics on the Riemann sphere. Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 11(1), 85–141 (1984)Chun, C.: Some variants of Kings fourth-order family of methods for nonlinear equations. Appl. Math. Comput. 190, 57–62 (2007)Cordero, A., Hueso, J.L., Martínez, E., Torregrosa, J.R.: New modifications of Potra-Pták’s method with optimal fourth and eighth order of convergence. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 234, 2969–2976 (2010)Cordero, A., Torregrosa, J.R.: Variants of Newton’s method using fifth-order quadrature formulas. Appl. Math. Comput. 190, 686–698 (2007)Cordero, A., Torregrosa, J.R., Vassileva, M.P.: A family of modified Ostrowski’s method with optimal eighth order of convergence. Appl. Math. Lett. 24(12), 2082–2086 (2011)Douady, A., Hubbard, J.H.: On the dynamics of polynomials-like mappings. Ann. Sci. Ec. Norm. Sup. (Paris) 18, 287–343 (1985)Kung, H.T., Traub, J.F.: Optimal order of one-point and multi-point iteration. J. Assoc. Comput. Mach. 21, 643–651 (1974)Liu, L., Wang, X.: Eighth-order methods with high efficiency index for solving nonlinear equations. Appl. Math. Comput. 215, 3449–3454 (2010)Ostrowski, A.M.: Solutions of equations and systems of equations. Academic Press, New York (1966)Sharma, J.R., Sharma, R.: A family of modified Ostrowski’s methods with accelerated eighth order convergence. Numer. Algoritms 54, 445–458 (2010)Soleymani, F., Karimi Banani, S., Khan, M., Sharifi, M.: Some modifications of King’s family with optimal eighth order of convergence. Math. Comput. Model. 55, 1373–1380 (2012)Thukral, R., Petkovic, M.S.: A family of three-point methods of optimal order for solving nonlinear equations. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 233, 2278–2284 (2010

Effects of pre-harvest application of parquat on grain moisture reduction, grain yield and quality of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars

Pre-harvest desiccation of rapeseed crop may allow a more timely harvest as well as increase the speed and harvest operation efficiency as a second crop after rice. An effective desiccant which could be used as a harvest-aid with no negative effects on rapeseed yield and quality would be advantageous for oil seed crop producers and may reduce yield losses with no interferential effects on rice cultivation. Field experiment s were carried out in a split plot design at Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII) in the 2004- 2005 cropping season. Paraquat was applied to Hyola308, Hyola401, Hyola420 and RGS003 rapeseed cultivars as main plots at the rates of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 lit. based on 20% ai.ha-1 and a non-treated plot (sub-plot) was used as a control. Paraquat treatments were applied based on grain moisture content of 40% to one third of bottom siliques of inflorescence on the main stem in late April to late May. Results showed that the effect of paraquat application was significant on grain moisture reduction rate, grain yield and oil content. Paraquat at 0.8 lit.ha-1 promoted daily grain moisture reduction (2.94% day-1) compared to the control (1.75% day-1) and harvest time (5-7 days earlier than control) with no adverse effects on grain yield and oil content. Grain yield of treated plants were the same or higher than the control. The highest grain yield was obtained with 0.4 lit.ha-1 paraquat (2370 kg.ha-1 in Hyola420 vs. the control; 2159 kg.ha-1). Results also showed that paraquat application had no adverse effect on oil content and fatty acids profile. Oileic acid content in Hyola308 at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 lit.ha-1 of paraquat and the control were 64.93, 64.22, 64.25 and 65%, respectively. Mean residues of paraquat in the grains for the medium to low application rates were 5.62 and 2.61 mg.kg-1, respectively and all of its rates were lower than the toxicity threshold. It can be concluded that paraquat in reduced doses, can be used as a proper desiccant in rapeseed cultivation

Self Harm and Suicide in Adolescents

Self harm is also called Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI). NSSI is defined as intentional self-injurious behavior to cause minor bodily harm without suicidal intent. Self-harm is strongly associated with suicidal thoughts and approximately 27-30% of adolescents with NSSI have reported suicide attempts. Based on the explanation above, the author is interested in discussing self-harm and suicide to explore the definition and management of self-harm and suicidal behavior in adolescents. In writing this literature review, we used a literature study method from various references and focused on discussions about self-harm and suicide. The search engines used were PubMed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar with the keywords "Self harm and suicide", "Epidemiology", "Diagnosis", and "Management". Overall, there were 30 articles used as references for preparing the literature review. The results of the investigation showed that self-harm and suicide are mental problems that often occur in teenagers and therefore require appropriate management using non-pharmacological and pharmacological medical approaches

ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) in Pediatric and Adult

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a serious medical condition that occurs when lungs become severely inflamed, which inhibits the ability to take in the oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide. The purpose of this article is to find out more about the clinical manifestation, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of ARDS. The literatures that used for this literature review are from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Google scholar, and Proquest. The result for this literature review is the development of ARDS is associated with inflammation in lung’s epithelium, endothelium, and interstitium which consist three phases which is exudative, proliferative, and fibrotic phases. The Berlin Criteria issued by the American-European Consensus Conference (AECC) in 2021 used for ARDS diagnosis. The treatments for ARDS could used pharmacotherapy and non-pharmacotherapy

What are the characteristics of excellent physicians and residents in the clinical workplace? A systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: In order to recognise and facilitate the development of excellent medical doctors (physicians and residents), it is important to first identify the characteristics of excellence. Failure to recognising excellence causes loss of talent, loss of role models and it lowers work ethos. This causes less than excellent patient care and lack of commitment to improve the healthcare system. DESIGN: Systematic review performed according to the Association for Medical Education in Europe guideline. INFORMATION SOURCES: We searched Medline, Embase, Psycinfo, ERIC and CINAHL until 14 March 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We included original studies describing characteristics of excellent medical doctors, using a broad approach as to what is considered excellence. Assuming that excellence will be viewed differently depending on the interplay, and that different perspectives (peers, supervisors and patients) will add to a complete picture of the excellent medical doctor, we did not limit this review to a specific perspective. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two researchers. We used the Quality Assessment Tool for Different Designs for quality assessment. RESULTS: Eleven articles were eligible and described the characteristics from different perspectives: (1) physicians on physicians, (2) physicians on residents, (3) patients on physicians and (4) mixed group (diverse sample of participants on physicians). The included studies showed a wide range of characteristics, which could be grouped into competencies (communication, professionalism and knowledge), motivation (directed to learning and to patient care) and personality (flexibility, empathy). CONCLUSIONS: In order to define excellence of medical doctors three clusters seem important: competence, motivation and personality. This is in line with Renzulli’s model of gifted behaviour. Our work adds to this model by specifying the content of these clusters, and as such provides a basis for definition and recognition of medical excellence