Economical analysis of combined fuel cell generators and absorption chillers

AbstractThis paper presents a co-generation system based on combined heat and power for commercial units. For installation of a co-generation system, certain estimates for this site should be performed through making assessments of electrical loads, domestic water, and thermal demand. This includes domestic hot water, selection of the type of power generator, fuel cell, and the type of air conditioning system, and absorption chillers. As a matter of fact, the co-generation system has demonstrated good results for both major aspects, economic and environmental. From the environmental point of view, this can be considered as an ideal solution for problems concerned with the usage of Chlorofluoro carbons. On the other hand, from the economic point of view, the cost analysis has revealed that the proposed system saves 4% of total cost through using the co-generation system

Computer based selection and performance analysis of marine diesel engine

AbstractThe major steps in two-stroke diesel technology have been surprisingly few over the past century, now we have another major step – electronically controlled marine diesel engines. This paper will discuss how the use of computer helps to select diesel engines, compare between different types, increase the performance of the conventional diesel engines and generate the different performance curves for such engines

Behaviour of 4-(4-acetoaminophenyl)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid towards carbon and nitrogen nucleophiles and use of these products in the synthesis of some interesting heterocycles

The present work is devoted to study the interaction of-aroylacrylic acid derivative (1) with some containing active methylene compounds under Michael reaction conditions and afforded the Michael adducts (2a-e). When compound 1 was allowed to react with cyclohexanone in the presence of ammonium acetate as catalyst, it afforded hydroquinoline derivative (3). Interaction of the acid 1 with highly and moderately reactive hydrocarbons e.g. p-xylene and acetanilide in the presence of anhydrous aluminumchloride under Friedel-Crafts reaction conditions afforded (4a-b). On the other hand, when the acid 1 was allowed to react with benzyl amine in dry benzene yielded 2-benzylamino-4-(4-acetaminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid (5). This later compound was used to synthesize some heterocyclic compounds (7-11). Also, aza Michael adduct (6) used asthe key starting material for the synthesis of some interesting heterocyclic compounds e.g. pyridazinone, oxazinoneand furanone derivatives (13-16)

Utility of 4-(4-acetoaminophenyl)-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid to prepare Pyranand Pyridine derivatives as building blocks in Heterocyclic Synthesis

The present work is devoted to study the interaction of β -aroylacrylic acid derivative (1) with malononitrile in the presence of piperidine and/or ammonium acetate, then using the formed compounds as a starting material for synthesizing fused and isolated heterocyclic system. Ithas been established that the β-aroylacrylic acid (1) reactwith malononitrile in (DMF) in the presence of piperidineas catalyst with formation of 4H-pyran derivative (2). Bychanging the catalyst into ammonium acetate, pyridine derivative (3) has been obtained. When compound (2) wasallowed to react with triethylorthoformate afforded ethoxymethyleneamino-4H-pyran (4). Compound (4) was used askey starting material for synthesizing some interesting annulated and heterocyclic systems (5-8). Also, the maleamic acid derivatives (9) and (15) have been synthesized via the interaction of (2) and (3) with maleic anhydride to study the behavior of the formed maleamic acid derivatives asanalogies of β-aroylacrylic towards different active methylene compounds under Michael addition reaction (10-14); (16-18)

Some Chemical Aspects of Tetrahydro-1-thiopyran-4-one Derivatives

3,5-Diarylmethylene-2,6-diphenyltetrahydrothiopyran-4-thiones, 2, reacted with two or four moles of bromine to form 3-aryimethylene 5-bromoarylmethylene- 2,6-dipheny1tetrahydrothiopyran- -4-thione, 3, and 3-arylmethylene-5-bromoarylmethylene-2,6-dibromo- 2,6-diphenyltetrahydrothiopyran-4-thione, 5, respectively. Compound 2a reacted with amines giving 2,6-diphenyl-5-iminophenylmethyl- 3-phenylmethylenetetrahydrothiopyran-4-thiones, 6. Diphenydiazomethane and 9-diazofluorene converted 2a into 4-diphenylethylene- 2,6-dipheny1-3,5 diphenylmethylenetetrahydrothiopyran, 7, and 2,6-diphenyl-3,5-diphenylmethylene-4-(9-fluorenylidene) tetrahydrothiopyran, 8, respectively. Compounds 2 with copper-bronze afforded 3,3\u27,5,5\u27-tetraarylmethylene-2,2\u27 ,6,6\u27-tetraphenyl-Lr-thio- 4,4\u27 dipyranylidenes

Oil spill monitoring using satellite imagery in the Sharm El-Maya Bay of Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt

Sharm el-Sheikh, in Egypt, is a prominent tourist destination. The city attracts millions of visitors annually due to its exceptional location and pleasant climate. Owing to its natural ecosystem and marine diversity, Sharm El-Maya Bay in Sharm el-Sheikh attracts beachgoers and vacationers. In 1999, however, an oil spill occurred at the site. Previous investigations detected a network of buried steel pipelines and a number of buried reinforced concrete tanks, both of which may have contributed to the contamination problem. Although the problem is so detrimental to health and the environment, no follow-up studies were conducted after 2013. Therefore, the author chose to monitor oil leaks over the headland using frequent, high-resolution Google Earth Pro remote sensing data for the years 2017 to 2022. To disclose whether any corrective measures were taken to address the contamination problem. Moreover, to demonstrate if any unanticipated variations have occurred over many years due to climatic factors. The elucidation of the aforementioned issues demonstrates Google Earth Pro's effectiveness in monitoring pollution problems. The results revealed that the area and perimeter of four oil spots had changed slightly over time. During the specified time period, the standard deviations of the four monitored locations fluctuated between 111.1 m2, 71.6 m2, 83.7 m2, and 254.3 m2. The research proved that the pollution problem has not improved over time because stakeholders have not reacted. In addition, it highlighted the uniqueness of Google Earth Pro in tracking the changes in oil spot size over a time series

Arabic open information extraction system using dependency parsing

Arabic is a Semitic language and one of the most natural languages distinguished by the richness in morphological enunciation and derivation. This special and complex nature makes extracting information from the Arabic language difficult and always needs improvement. Open information extraction systems (OIE) have been emerged and used in different languages, especially in English. However, it has almost not been used for the Arabic language. Accordingly, this paper aims to introduce an OIE system that extracts the relation tuple from Arabic web text, exploiting Arabic dependency parsing and thinking carefully about all possible text relations. Based on clause types' propositions as extractable relations and constituents' grammatical functions, the identities of corresponding clause types are established. The proposed system named Arabic open information extraction(AOIE) can extract highly scalable Arabic text relations while being domain independent. Implementing the proposed system handles the problem using supervised strategies while the system relies on unsupervised extraction strategies. Also, the system has been implemented in several domains to avoid information extraction in a specific field. The results prove that the system achieves high efficiency in extracting clauses from large amounts of text

Resectability of pancreatic tumors: Correlation of multidetector CT with surgical and pathologic results

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of multidetector CT (MDCT) in predicting resectability of pancreatic tumors.Patients and methodsThirty-nine patients were included in this study, there were 29 males and 10 females, and their age range was 44–73years with a mean age of 58.3years. All the patients were subjected to contrast enhanced biphasic examinations on 64-slice CT machine.ResultsTwenty-one patients (53.8%) were considered inoperable with unresected tumor, the remaining 18 patients (46.2%) were considered suitable for tumor resection according to MDCT criteria. 15 out of the 18 patients (83.3) had a successful tumor resection while the remaining 3 (16.7%) showed unresectable tumor during operation. On the basis of pathology results 12 patients out of the 18 (66.7%) had successful surgery with negative tumor margin, and a positive predictive value of 66.7% and accuracy of 66.7%.ConclusionsThere is better prediction of resectability of pancreatic tumors with the development of MDCT technology. As compared to Helical computed tomography (HCT) studies, there is a rise in the rate of successful surgical resection. The positive predictive value of multidetector computed tomography for resectable pancreatic tumors is decreased when pathologic results are used as a reference standard

Prevent Cracking in Deposition of Carbon Steel on Inconel 625

Welding procedure of clad steel including deposition of carbon steel on nickel base alloy usually gives unaccepted mechanical properties. Cracks were formed along type II boundary in nickel base alloy pass and a martensitic layer was formed in carbon steel pass. In this paper, cracks along type II boundary were prevented by lowering the martensitic start temperature (TMs) of the martensitic layer. Decreasing of TMs was obtained by two methods: Dilution method and Grain refining method. Three levels of TMs (approximately 350, 200, and 50⁰C) are obtained. The results showed that: cracks along type II boundary were prevented at TMs lower than 200⁰C; however type II boundary itself was prevented at TMs lower than 50. Also post weld heat treatment was necessary to achieve accepted impact properties