The Blue And The Gray : Introducing The Sousa Girl.

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-ps/2323/thumbnail.jp

Isolation by distance, local adaptation, and fortuitous coincidence of geo-political boundaries with spatial-genetic clusters in southern Bog Turtles

Conservation strategies are often implemented within the jurisdiction of an administrative unit, such as a state or federal agency; however, boundaries between these units may or may not reflect biologically meaningful distinctions. Population genomic data provide a useful way to objectively assess whether boundaries of administrative units coincide with natural population structure, as well as compare future management scenarios within and among said units. Here we used 2658 SNPs generated by a triple-digest reduced representation library preparation method from 171 individuals to determine if genetic population structure of Bog Turtles corresponds with political boundaries. We also estimated gentetic diversity within populations pertinent to setting management priorities and tested for genetic signatures consistent with local adaptation as a preliminary step to assess translocation risk. We found that genetic differentiation among populations was strongly predicted by geographic distance. Fortuitously, the patchy distribution of remaining Bog Turtle sites results in spatial-genetic clusters that do correspond with state boundaries. We observed low genetic diversity within populations and several instances where the census size exceeded our estimates of effective population size. Lastly, we detected 20 outlier loci consistent with signatures of local adaptation, suggesting that outbreeding depression may be a risk in some translocation options. Our approach allowed us to improve population parameter estimates for the federally threatened Bog Turtle to address key recovery plan objectives, some of which had not been addressed previously

Fade Away, I\u27m Waitin\u27 Fo\u27 Mah Man / music by Ben M. Jerom; words by Frank Abbot

Cover: drawing of a saddened African American male sitting on the steps to a locked house, while an African American female peers out from behind the curtains; photo inset of two Caucasian males in blackface, listed as Ward and Wade; Publisher: Howley Haviland and Dresser (New York)https://egrove.olemiss.edu/sharris_b/1031/thumbnail.jp

Prenatal Health Education Needs of Medically Indigent and Under‐Insured Pregnant Women

Submitted to the School of Nursing in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Nursing Honors Program.Education is an important and integral part of prenatal health and plays an important part in reducing prenatal health disparities among vulnerable populations. In an effort to improve health outcomes for mothers and their infants, nurses need to design relevant prenatal health education programs when caring for medically‐indigent and under‐insured pregnant women. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the prenatal educational needs of medially‐indigent and under‐insured pregnant women to design appropriate health promotion programs. Women were asked to respond to questions related to their diet, exercise, use of medications, number of pregnancies, their reproductive health, and use of tobacco and alcohol. The information gained from this pilot study provides the framework necessary to develop relevant educational programs and to increase awareness of healthy lifestyle behaviors and thereby change unhealthy prenatal behaviors for this population of vulnerable women. The design of the study was a descriptive, cross‐sectional survey. All pregnant women receiving prenatal care at the JayDoc Free Health Clinic were invited to complete a Prenatal Health Survey designed by the March of Dimes. The women were given the option of completing the survey in English or Spanish. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the study results. A total of 15 pregnant women ranging in age from 17 years to 34 years (mean age 26 years) completed the survey. The majority of the women (n=12) completed the questionnaire in Spanish. The most significant results of the study were: (1) 87%of the women (n =13) reported they did not receive routine dental care and (2) 40% of the women (n = 6) reported they did not regularly exercise. The results of this study have implications for nurses caring for medically‐indigent and under‐insured pregnant women. When caring for this population of vulnerable women, it is important to assess their need of dental care. If it is determined the women are in need of such care, nurses need to be able to provide appropriate education about the importance of dental health and dental care resources.University of Kansas Medical Center University of Kansas School of Nursing, Bachelor of Science in Nursing Honors Progra

Clinical performance of bleeding risk scores for predicting major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding events in patients receiving warfarin

Background: Oral anticoagulant therapy is associated with an increased risk of hemorrhage, which can be assessed by bleeding risk scores. We evaluated the performance of five validated scores for predicting major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding events in patients receiving warfarin. Methods and results: We conducted an ambispective, single-center cohort study of 321 consecutive patients enrolled in an academic anticoagulation clinic. The following scores were calculated: modified Outpatient Bleeding Risk Index, Contemporary Bleeding Risk Model, HEMORR2HAGES (Hepatic or Renal Disease, Ethanol Abuse, Malignancy, Older Age, Reduced Platelet Count or Function, Re-Bleeding, Hypertension, Anemia, Genetic Factors, Excessive Fall Risk and Stroke), ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation), and HAS-BLED (Hypertension, Abnormal Renal/Liver Function, Stroke, Bleeding History or Predisposition, Labile International Normalized Ratio, Elderly, Drugs/Alcohol). Main outcomes were major bleeding and a composite of major plus clinically relevant non-major bleeding. Incidence rates for all group were 3.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0-6.4) and 11.9 (95% CI 8.6-16.4) events per 100 patient-years for major bleeding and major plus clinically relevant non-major bleeding, respectively. Agreement among the five scores was low to moderate (Kendall\u27s tau-b coefficients 0.22-0.54). For major bleeding, the c-statistics ranged from 0.606 to 0.735, whereas for major plus clinically relevant non-major bleeding, they ranged from 0.549 to 0.613. For all scores, the 95% CI for the c-statistics crossed 0.5 or was very close. Among high-risk patients, the hazard ratios for major bleeding ranged from 0.90 to 39.01, whereas for major plus clinically relevant non-major bleeding, they ranged from 1.52 to 8.71. For intermediate-risk patients, no score, except the Contemporary Bleeding Risk Model, produced statistically significant hazard ratios. Conclusion: The scores demonstrated poor agreement and low to moderate discriminatory ability. General clinical implementation of these scores cannot be recommended yet. © 2013 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis

Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Vascular Interactions of the Lyme Disease Pathogen in a Living Host

Hematogenous dissemination is important for infection by many bacterial pathogens, but is poorly understood because of the inability to directly observe this process in living hosts at the single cell level. All disseminating pathogens must tether to the host endothelium despite significant shear forces caused by blood flow. However, the molecules that mediate tethering interactions have not been identified for any bacterial pathogen except E. coli, which tethers to host cells via a specialized pillus structure that is not found in many pathogens. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying tethering have never been examined in living hosts. We recently engineered a fluorescent strain of Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease pathogen, and visualized its dissemination from the microvasculature of living mice using intravital microscopy. We found that dissemination was a multistage process that included tethering, dragging, stationary adhesion and extravasation. In the study described here, we used quantitative real-time intravital microscopy to investigate the mechanistic features of the vascular interaction stage of B. burgdorferi dissemination. We found that tethering and dragging interactions were mechanistically distinct from stationary adhesion, and constituted the rate-limiting initiation step of microvascular interactions. Surprisingly, initiation was mediated by host Fn and GAGs, and the Fn- and GAG-interacting B. burgdorferi protein BBK32. Initiation was also strongly inhibited by the low molecular weight clinical heparin dalteparin. These findings indicate that the initiation of spirochete microvascular interactions is dependent on host ligands known to interact in vitro with numerous other bacterial pathogens. This conclusion raises the intriguing possibility that fibronectin and GAG interactions might be a general feature of hematogenous dissemination by other pathogens

PD-L1 expression in EBV-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: clinicopathologic features and prognostic implications

Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a cell surface glycoprotein that regulates the cellular immune response and serves as a targetable immune checkpoint molecule. PD-L1 is expressed on tumor cells and the immune microenvironment of several human malignancies, including a subset of aggressive lymphomas. We sought to investigate further the clinical and pathologic features of EBV-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cases that express PD-L1. Immunohistochemical staining using an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody was performed on DLBCL cases from 86 patients. These patients received standard chemotherapy treatment and were followed for up to 175 months. Overall, 14 cases (16%) were considered positive for PD-L1 in tumor cells. In comparison with PD-L1 negative cases, PD-L1 positive cases had a higher rate of non-GCB type (71% vs. 30%, P=0.0060), and higher Ann Arbor stage (II-IV) (100% vs. 73%, P=0.0327). No significant differences were seen in the immunohistochemical expression of BCL2, MYC, or Ki67. Patients with tumors expressing PD-L1 demonstrated inferior overall survival (OS) upon long term follow up (P=0.0447). Both age/sex-adjusted and multivariate analyses identified PD-L1 as an independent predictor for OS (P=0.0101 and P=0.0424). There was no significant difference, however, in terms of remission rates after first treatment, relapse rates, and progression free survival between the groups. Identification of DLBCL cases that express PD-L1 may serve to select a subset of patients that could further benefit from targeted immunotherapy

Extranuclear structural components that mediate dynamic chromosome movements in yeast meiosis

Telomere-led rapid chromosome movements or rapid prophase movements direct fundamental meiotic processes required for successful haploidization of the genome. Critical components of the machinery that generates rapid prophase movements are unknown, and the mechanism underlying rapid prophase movements remains poorly understood. We identified S. cerevisiae Mps2 as the outer nuclear membrane protein that connects the LINC complex with the cytoskeleton. We also demonstrate that the motor Myo2 works together with Mps2 to couple the telomeres to the actin cytoskeleton. Further, we show that Csm4 interacts with Mps2 and is required for perinuclear localization of Myo2, implicating Csm4 as a regulator of the Mps2-Myo2 interaction. We propose a model in which the newly identified functions of Mps2 and Myo2 cooperate with Csm4 to drive chromosome movements in meiotic prophase by coupling telomeres to the actin cytoskeleton.Fil: Lee, Chih Ying. Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; Estados UnidosFil: Bisig, Carlos Gaston. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Conrad, Michael M.. Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; Estados UnidosFil: Ditamo, Yanina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Previato de Almeida, Luciana. Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; Estados UnidosFil: Dresser, Michael E.. Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; Estados UnidosFil: Pezza, Roberto J.. Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; Estados Unido