Oksidacijski stres i srčani biomarkeri u janjadi oboljele od enzootske ataksije: dijagnostičko i prognostičko značenje

Diagnostic and particularly prognostic biomarkers are essential for control of enzootic ataxia in lambs. Blood samples were collected from 32 lambs suffering from enzootic ataxia, and 15 healthy lambs as the control. Whole blood was used for estimation of hemoglobin (Hb) in diseased and healthy animals. The harvested serum was used for estimation of copper (Cu), ceruloplasmin (Cp), selenium (Se), Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in diseased and healthy control animals. Clinical examination revealed anemia, a fall in body temperature, an increase in heart and respiratory rates and lack of coordination in diseased animals compared to the controls. The levels of malondialdehyde, cardiac troponin I, creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly higher, whereas those of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione were significantly lower in diseased animals compared to the controls. Successfully treated lambs (n = 14) had lower levels of cardiac troponin I, creatine kinase and malondialdehyde, but higher levels of superoxide dismutase, copper and ceruloplasmin compared to lambs with treatment failure. However, creatine kinase, superoxide dismutase and cardiac troponin I showed a high degree of accuracy in predicting treatment outcome (success vs failure). The areas under the curve for creatine kinase, superoxide dismutase and cardiac troponin I were 0·97, 0.94 and 0·92, respectively. Creatine kinase and superoxide dismutase showed nearly the same sensitivity and specificity (sensitivity = 94.44% vs 92.86% and specificity = 92.86% vs 93.75%, respectively), and better than that of cTnI (sensitivity = 88.89% and specificity = 85.71%). The current study suggests that creatine kinase, superoxide dismutase and cardiac troponin I could be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in lambs affected with enzootic ataxia.Dijagnostički, a posebice prognostički biomarkeri bitni su za kontrolu enzootske ataksije janjadi. Uzorci krvi uzeti su od 32 janjeta oboljela od enzootske ataksije i 15 zdrave janjadi kao kontrole. Razina hemoglobina (Hb) bila je određena u punoj krvi bolesne i zdrave janjadi. U serumu svih životinja bile su određene razine bakra (Cu), ceruloplazmina (Cp), selena (Se), malondialdehida (MDA), reduciranog glutationa (GSH), superoksid-dismutaze (SOD), srčanog troponina I (cTnI), kreatin-kinaze (CK) i aspartat-aminotransferaze (AST). Kliničkom je pretragom u bolesnih životinja bila ustanovljena anemija, snižene vrijednosti tjelesne temperature, povećane vrijednosti bila i disanja te neusklađeno kretanje. Razine malondialdehida, srčanog troponina I, kreatin-kinaze i aspartat-aminotransferaze bile su značajno povećane, dok su razine superoksid-dismutaze i reduciranog glutationa bile značajno smanjene u bolesnih u odnosu na zdrave kontrolne životinje. Uspješno liječena janjad (n = 14) imala je niže razine srčanog troponina I, kreatin-kinaze i malondialdehida, ali više razine superoksid-dismutaze, bakra i ceruloplazmina u odnosu na neuspješno liječenu janjad. Međutim, kreatin-kinaza, superoksid-dismutaza i srčani troponin I pokazivali su veći stupanj točnosti u procjeni uspješnosti liječenja (uspješno u odnosu na neuspješno). Površina ispod krivulje iznosila je za kreatin-kinazu 0,97, za superoksid-dismutazu 0,94 te za srčani troponin I 0,92. Kreatin-kinaza i superoksid-dismutaza pokazivale su gotovo jednaku osjetljivost i specifičnost (osjetljivost = 94,44% odnosno 92,86%, a specifičnost = 92,86% odnosno 93,75%) što je bilo bolje od vrijednosti za troponin koje su iznosile za osjetljivost 88,89%, a za specifičnost 85,71%). Istraživanje je pokazalo da se kreatin-kinaza, superoksid-dismutaza i srčani troponin I mogu rabiti kao dijagnostički i prognostički biomarkeri u janjadi oboljele od enzootske ataksije

Hankel determinant for a class of analytic functions of complex order defined by convolution

In this paper, we obtain the Fekete-Szego inequalities for the functions of complex order defined by convolution. Also, we find upper bounds for the second Hankel determinant $|a_2a_4-a_3^2|$ for functions belonging to the class $S_{\gamma}^b(g(z);A,B)$

Faber polynomial coefficient estimates of bi-univalent functions connected with the qq-convolution

summary:We introduce a new class of bi-univalent functions defined in the open unit disc and connected with a $q$-convolution. We find estimates for the general Taylor-Maclaurin coefficients of the functions in this class by using Faber polynomial expansions and we obtain an estimation for the Fekete-Szegö problem for this class

Second Hankel determinant for a class of analytic functions of the Mittag-Leffler-type Borel distribution related with legendre polynomials

In this paper, we obtain the Fekete-Szegö inequalities for the functions of complex order connected with the Mittag-Leffler-type Borel distribution based upon the Legendre polynomials. Also, find upper bounds of the second Hankel determinant ¬|a₂a₄ − a²₃| for functions belonging to the class Mᵑᵧ (λ, α, β, x)

Inclusion and neighborhood properties of certain subclasses of p-valent functions of complex order defined by convolution

In this paper we introduce and investigate three new subclasses of $p$-valent analytic functions by using the linear operator $D_{\lambda,p}^m(f*g)(z)$. The various results obtained here for each of these function classes include coefficient bounds, distortion inequalities and associated inclusion relations for $(n,\theta)$-neighborhoods of subclasses of analytic and multivalent functions with negative coefficients, which are defined by means of a non-homogenous differential equation

Fuzzy differential subordinations connected with the linear operator

summary:We obtain several fuzzy differential subordinations by using a linear operator $\mathcal {I}_{m,\gamma }^{n,\alpha }f(z)=z+\sum \limits _{k=2}^{\infty }(1+\gamma ( k-1))^{n}m^{\alpha }(m+k)^{-\alpha }a_{k}z^{k}$. Using the linear operator $\mathcal {I}_{m,\gamma }^{n,\alpha },$ we also introduce a class of univalent analytic functions for which we give some properties

Use of procalcitonin, neopterin, haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and proinflammatory cytokines in diagnosis and prognosis of bovine respiratory disease in feedlot calves under field conditions

Bovine respiratory diseases (BRD) have long been considered a serious problem that causes major economic losses in feedlot calves (FC). This study aimed to determine the diagnostic and prognostic effect of selected biological markers including, procalcitonin (PCT), neopterin (NP), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IF-γ), haptoglobin (HP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) on FC with BRD under field conditions. Sixty-nine FC that were identified to be infected with Mannheimia haemolytica and Histophilus somni and had different clinical respiratory signs (diseased group) were selected for this study. In addition, 20 healthy FC have been selected as a control group. We have detected higher serum levels of PCT, NP, HP, SAA, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IF-γ, in diseased FC group compared with the control group. All tested markers revealed a high level of discrimination between BRD infected FC and healthy ones (AUC > 0.90). Moreover, the obtained data showed a high degree of prognostic accuracy for PCT, NP, IL-8, HP, IF-γ and IL-1β in predicting treatment response of FC with BRD at the selected thresholds (AUC = 0.99, 0.99, 0.97, 0.93, 0.88 and 0.82 respectively). Significant inhibition was observed for the selected biochemical markers in treated FC 7 days post-treatment. In conclusion, this study showed that BRD in FC was associated with significant alterations in serum APPs, proinflammatory cytokines, PCT and NPT levels. Furthermore, it demonstrated that these serum biomarkers are much higher in FC with BRD compared to recovered ones. Our data suggest that the measurement of PCT, NPT, APPs and cytokines together with the clinical examination may be a useful diagnostic and prognostic tool for assessment of FC naturally infected with M. haemolytica and H. somni

Evaluation of Biological Control Potential for Different Trichoderma Strains Against Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne Javanica

Twenty strains of four Trichoderma species (Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma koningii and Trichoderma asperellum) were evaluated for its potential to control the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. Culture filtrates from Trichoderma strains were tested in 24-well tissue culture plates for effects on Meloidogyne javanica. Chitwood egg hatch and mobility of hatched second-stage juveniles (J2) were evaluated, all the twenty Trichoderma strains showed the ability to colonize M. javanica separated eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) in sterile in vitro assays. T. asperellum possess the strongest egg-parasitic ability and very effective against 2nd stage larvae of M. javanica. In this investigation, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers was used to estimate the genetic variations between four strains of Trichoderma asperellum (KC898190, KC898191, KC898192 and KC898193) which were previously isolated from the rhizospheres of different plants growing in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt as a new strain of T. asperellum in Egypt. RAPD assay using 6 random primers identified T. asperellum strains with 5 specific unique markers