2,160 research outputs found
Bose-Einstein Condensation and Spin Mixtures of Optically Trapped Metastable Helium
We report the realization of a BEC of metastable helium-4 atoms (4He*) in an
all optical potential. Up to 10^5 spin polarized 4He* atoms are condensed in an
optical dipole trap formed from a single, focused, vertically propagating far
off-resonance laser beam. The vertical trap geometry is chosen to best match
the resolution characteristics of a delay-line anode micro-channel plate
detector capable of registering single He* atoms. We also confirm the
instability of certain spin state combinations of 4He* to two-body inelastic
processes, which necessarily affects the scope of future experiments using
optically trapped spin mixtures. In order to better quantify this constraint,
we measure spin state resolved two-body inelastic loss rate coefficients in the
optical trap
A solid-state digital temperature recorder for space use
A solid-state, digital, temperature recorder has been developed for use in space experiments. The recorder is completely self-contained and includes a temperature sensor; all necessary electronics for signal conditioning, processing, storing, control and timing; and a battery power supply. No electrical interfacing with the particular spacecraft on which the unit is used is required. The recorder is small, light, and sturdy, and has no moving parts. It uses only biocompatible materials and has passed vibration and shock spaceflight qualification tests. The unit is capable of storing 2048, -10 to +45 C, 8-bit temperature measurements taken at intervals selectable by factors of 2 from 1.875 to 240 min; data can be retained for at least 6 months. The basic recorder can be simplified to accommodate a variety of applications by adding memory to allow more data to be recorded, by changing the front end to permit measurements other than temperature to be made, and by using different batteries to realize various operating periods. Stored flight data are read out from the recorder by means of a ground read-out unit
Thermal counting statistics in an atomic two-mode squeezed vacuum state
We measure the population distribution in one of the atomic twin beams
generated by four-wave mixing in an optical lattice.
Although the produced two-mode squeezed vacuum state is pure, each individual
mode is described as a statistical mixture.
We confirm the prediction that the particle number follows an exponential
distribution when only one spatio-temporal mode is selected.
We also show that this distribution accounts well for the contrast of an
atomic Hong--Ou--Mandel experiment.
These experiments constitute an important validation of our twin beam source
in view of a future test of a Bell inequalities.Comment: SciPost submissio
Hanbury Brown Twiss effect for ultracold quantum gases
We have studied 2-body correlations of atoms in an expanding cloud above and
below the Bose-Einstein condensation threshold. The observed correlation
function for a thermal cloud shows a bunching behavior, while the correlation
is flat for a coherent sample. These quantum correlations are the atomic
analogue of the Hanbury Brown Twiss effect. We observe the effect in three
dimensions and study its dependence on cloud size.Comment: Figure 1 availabl
Observation of atom pairs in spontaneous four wave mixing of two colliding Bose-Einstein Condensates
We study atom scattering from two colliding Bose-Einstein condensates using a
position sensitive, time resolved, single atom detector. In analogy to quantum
optics, the process can also be thought of as spontaneous, degenerate four wave
mixing of de Broglie waves. We find a clear correlation between atoms with
opposite momenta, demonstrating pair production in the scattering process. We
also observe a Hanbury Brown and Twiss correlation for collinear momenta, which
permits an independent measurement of the size of the pair production source
and thus the size of the spatial mode. The back to back pairs occupy very
nearly two oppositely directed spatial modes, a promising feature for future
quantum optics experiments.Comment: A few typos have been correcte
Pair correlations of scattered atoms from two colliding Bose-Einstein Condensates: Perturbative Approach
We apply an analytical model for anisotropic, colliding Bose-Einstein
condensates in a spontaneous four wave mixing geometry to evaluate the second
order correlation function of the field of scattered atoms. Our approach uses
quantized scattering modes and the equivalent of a classical, undepleted pump
approximation. Results to lowest order in perturbation theory are compared with
a recent experiment and with other theoretical approaches.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure
Recommended from our members
Fractal geometry of aggregate snowflakes revealed by triple wavelength radar measurements
Radar reflectivity measurements from three different wavelengths are used to retrieve information about the shape of aggregate snowflakes in deep stratiform ice clouds. Dual-wavelength ratios are calculated for different shape models and compared to observations at 3, 35 and 94 GHz. It is demonstrated that many scattering models, including spherical and spheroidal models, do not adequately describe the aggregate snowflakes that are observed. The observations are consistent with fractal aggregate geometries generated by a physically-based aggregation model. It is demonstrated that the fractal dimension of large aggregates can be inferred directly from the radar data. Fractal dimensions close to 2 are retrieved, consistent with previous theoretical models and in-situ observations
Getting the elastic scattering length by observing inelastic collisions in ultracold metastable helium atoms
We report an experiment measuring simultaneously the temperatureand the flux
of ions produced by a cloud of triplet metastablehelium atoms at the
Bose-Einstein critical temperature. The onsetof condensation is revealed by a
sharp increase of the ion fluxduring evaporative cooling. Combining our
measurements withprevious measurements of ionization in a pure BEC,we extract
an improved value of the scattering length nm. The analysis
includes corrections takinginto accountthe effect of atomic interactions on the
criticaltemperature, and thus an independent measurement of the
scatteringlength would allow a new test of these calculations
Violation of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality with matter waves
The Cauchy-Schwarz (CS) inequality -- one of the most widely used and
important inequalities in mathematics -- can be formulated as an upper bound to
the strength of correlations between classically fluctuating quantities.
Quantum mechanical correlations can, however, exceed classical bounds.Here we
realize four-wave mixing of atomic matter waves using colliding Bose-Einstein
condensates, and demonstrate the violation of a multimode CS inequality for
atom number correlations in opposite zones of the collision halo. The
correlated atoms have large spatial separations and therefore open new
opportunities for extending fundamental quantum-nonlocality tests to ensembles
of massive particles.Comment: Final published version (with minor changes). 5 pages, 3 figures,
plus Supplementary Materia
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