Long Lasting Recruitment Of Immune cells And Altered Epiperineurial Thickness In Focal Nerve Inflammation Induced By Complete Freund\u27s Adjuvant

Immune-mediated nerve inflammation is involved in many painful states in humans, and causes axonal and behavioral changes in rats. While models of nerve inflammation have been characterized using electrophysiological and behavioral methods, the presence of immune cells has not been fully assessed. We inflamed rat sciatic nerves using complete Freund\u27s adjuvant and quantified the presence of ED-1 macrophages and TCR-αβ T-cells for up to 12 weeks. We report that these immune cells are prominent extraneurally up to 12 weeks following the induction of inflammation. This observation does not easily correlate with inflammation-induced axonal mechanical sensitivity, which peaks within 1 week and is resolved after 8 weeks

Epi-Perineurial Anatomy, Innervation, And Axonal Nociceptive Mechanisms

Body workers from all disciplines appreciate that maneuvers that move nerves often reproduce radiating pain. This symptom reproduction has important implications for the diagnosis and management of radiating pain symptoms. In the presentation at Fascia 2007 from which this manuscript is derived, two videos that were obtained with high resolution diagnostic ultrasound were presented that clearly showed median nerve gliding during normal finger and wrist movements. The movements were independent of the movements of the other surrounding structures. Such movements of the interface between the nerve and the surrounding structures constitute but one mechanical stimulus that nerves are susceptible to. Nerves are also bent around various structures, and indented by external pressures. Nerves have many anatomical features that allow them to accommodate such movements and mechanical stimuli. The reader is directed to books by Shacklock (Shacklock 2005) and Butler (Butler 2000) for full descriptions of nerve biomechanics

The Clinical Relevance Of Ectopic Axonal Sensitivity

Dr. Geoffrey Bove gives a presentation on the translation into clinical practice of his research on the effect of inflammation and altered axoplasmic flow on nociceptor axons.https://dune.une.edu/biomed_facpres/1002/thumbnail.jp

A Non-invasive Method To Evaluate Gastrointestinal Transit Behaviour In Rat

Introduction: Many factors alter gastrointestinal transit. Animal models are useful for preclinical studies of gastrointestinal transit, but terminal methods do not allow later study, and stressful assessment methods will likely alter the transit of the animal. To overcome these factors, we developed a new method to assay rat total gastrointestinal transit. Methods: Standard plastic cages with their bottoms cut off were placed on wire mesh floors. Custom apparatuses were built to contain fecal pellets as they fell through the floors. Webcams connected to a computer running a security program were placed to image the pellets at regular intervals. Custom food was obtained with and without blue pigment. After habituating to the cages and the non-pigmented food, the pigmented food was administered. The duration to the appearance of the first pigmented pellet was determined by reviewing the photographs. This duration represents the complete gastrointestinal behavior, including feeding. We compared 24-hour fecal pellet counts using images to counts by visual inspection, and also made hourly counts. After establishing baseline transit times and hourly fecal pellet discharge, rats were given buprenorphine, known to alter gastrointestinal transit. Transit times and hourly discharge were obtained again and compared to the baselines. Results: The methods were successful in determining transit times. Baseline measures were consistent between three groups of 8 rats. Visual and image-based counts were highly correlated. Transit times and hourly pellet discharge were reduced by buprenorphine. Discussion: The described method offers a relatively simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive means to measure rat gastrointestinal behaviour. The method has potential for any studies where altered total gastrointestinal transit is an experimental concern

Observation of a nanophase segregation in LiCl aqueous solutions from Transient Grating Experiments

Transient Grating experiments performed on supercooled LiCl, RH2O solutions with R>6 reveal the existence of a strong, short time, extra signal which superposes to the normal signal observed for the R=6 solution and other glass forming systems. This extra signal shows up below 190 K, its shape and the associated timescale depend only on temperature, while its intensity increases with R. We show that the origin of this signal is a phase separation between clusters with a low solute concentration and the remaining, more concentrated, solution. Our analysis demonstrates that these clusters have a nanometer size and a composition which are rather temperature independent, while increasing R simply increases the number of these clusters.Comment: 19 pages+ 8 figures+ 2 table

[Correspondence] A lesson from classic British literature

No description supplie

Family Physicians, Chiropractors, And Back Pain

In this article, major aspects of back care provided to patients by family physicians and chiropractors are reviewed, and the recent guidelines on spinal manipulation therapy are discussed. These guidelines should be useful for family physicians wishing to refer patients to chiropractors

PM10 source apportionment applying PMF and chemical tracer analysis to ship-borne measurements in the Western Mediterranean

A PM10 sampling campaign was carried out on board the cruise ship Costa Concordia during three weeks in summer 2011. The ship route was Civitavecchia-Savona-Barcelona-Palma de Mallorca-Malta (Valletta)-Palermo-Civitavecchia. The PM10 composition was measured and utilized to identify and characterize the main PM10 sources along the ship route through receptor modelling, making use of the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) algorithm. A particular attention was given to the emissions related to heavy fuel oil combustion by ships, which is known to be also an important source of secondary sulphate aerosol. Five aerosol sources were resolved by the PMF analysis. The primary contribution of ship emissions to PM10 turned out to be (12 ± 4)%, while secondary ammonium sulphate contributed by (35 ± 5)%. Approximately, 60% of the total sulphate was identified as secondary aerosol while about 20% was attributed to heavy oil combustion in ship engines. The measured concentrations of methanesulphonic acid (MSA) indicated a relevant contribution to the observed sulphate loading by biogenic sulphate, formed by the atmospheric oxidation of dimethyl sulphide (DMS) emitted by marine phytoplankton

Anatomy And Neurobiology Of Pain

This chapter examines some of the basic human anatomy and neurobiology related to the perception of pain. In this context we will discuss how the nervous, endocrine, and musculoskeletal/fascial systems all contribute to our experience of this important sensation. We will look at some of the pathologic changes that occur when short-term pain becomes a long-term problem, and how stress can exacerbate pain perception. Finally, we will discuss how manual therapies may access peripheral nervous system structures in order to address some of the factors that can contribute to chronic pain patterns