Gouvernance Foncière Et Ses Implications Socioéconomiques Dans L’Arrondissement De Tori-Caca (Sud Benin)

L’urbanisation dans l’Arrondissement de Tori-Cada évolue à un rythme accéléré, ce qui entraîne une occupation anarchique du sol et une consommation incontrôlée de l’espace notamment agricole. La présente recherche vise à contribuer à une meilleure gouvernance du foncier dans l’Arrondissement de Tori-Cada.Pour atteindre les objectifs fixés dans le cadre de cette recherche, des investigations ont été faites à partir de la collecte des données et informations aux moyens de la recherche documentaire, des observations directes sur le terrain, des entretiens et enquêtes auprès de 173 personnes. Les résultats obtenus ont été analysés à l’aide du modèle SWOT.    Les résultats montrent que 70 % des ménages agricoles enquêtés ont accès à leur terre par location, 20 % par héritage, 10 % par achat. Cela montre que la location est le mode d’accès à la terre agricole le plus dominant. Les enquêtes de terrain ont permis de constater que la marchandisation de la terre s’observe dans ledit Arrondissement. Le dépouillement des registres de convention de vente au service des affaires domaniales de la Commune de Tori-Cada montre que 1649 parcelles ont fait objet de transaction, enregistrés et confirmés de 2017 à 2021. La convention de vente est le titre de propriété que détient la majorité des propriétaires terriens (85 %) de l’arrondissement de Tori-Cada. L’attestation de détention coutumière (10 %) et le titre foncier (5 %) occupent une faible proportion. Cette faible proportion des enquêtés qui détiennent des pièces comme le titre foncier montre le caractère précaire des actes de propriétés avec le spectre de remise en cause permanent des titres de propriété foncier dans le secteur de recherche. Les conventions sont établies et affirmées par les autorités communales sans le respect de l’exigence relative aux projets de valorisation des terres conformément aux dispositions du CFD. La CoGeF et les SVGF manquent de moyens pour leur bon fonctionnement et les outils de planification spatiale notamment le SDAC, sont souvent négligés et ne constituent pas des références dans les prises de décisions surtout en ce qui concerne la sécurisation foncière. Face aux différents problèmes qui continuent de sévirent dans cet arrondissement, il urge que les autorités communales mettent en œuvre les outils de planification spatiales pour une meilleure sécurisation foncière

Protecting the Third Party-Owned Evidence in Corruption Cases: Analysis of Case at the Prosecution Stage

The research aims to analyze and find out the legal protection of third party-owned evidence in corruption cases at the prosecution stage. This research is descriptive with normative-juridical type. The approaches used were statutory, conceptual, and case approaches by using deductive and inductive reasoning. The results show that the presence of a third party in the prosecution trial can cut time in providing legal certainty regarding the legal status of the object claimed by the third party which is the object of confiscation. This provision eliminates pretrial attempts and challenges (derden verstek) against the confiscation of objects of confiscation. The legal status of the object of confiscation which is claimed by a third party is completed in one trial, the prosecution trial; the second is efficiency of case handling for proving the validity of the object of confiscation of evidence belonging to a third party occurs in just one prosecution hearing, there is no pretrial effort and resistance to objections after the decision. The third is avoid disparity in decisions. Separating the evidentiary process in the corruption court with the pretrial and civil proceedings (resistance from third parties or defendants) can result in disparities in decisions that confuse justice seekers. The fourth is avoid the practice of corruption. The process of proving the object of confiscation in one agenda of the prosecution session minimizes the chance of corruption (bribery) because the evidence trial focuses on the prosecution trial only. Keywords: Attorney; Corruption; Third Party-Owned Evidence; Prosecutor DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/102-10 Publication date:October 31st 202

Phylogenetic and genomic relationships in the genus Malus based on RAPDs

Two separate experiments were carried out between local and exotic apple among the locally available varieties. Ten varieties of local apple ( Malus spp.) were selected from South west Nigeria. The choice of the samples was based on observed morphological differences such as size of fruits, fruits color, flower color, leaf shape and plant height while the choice of imported exotic type was based solely on the color of the fruit. Total genomic DNA was isolated from local and exotic apples separately and assessed with RAPD markers. Nine primers generated a total of forty-six polymorphic bands, which were used to generate a UPGMA dendrogram. The dendrogram consists of a single cluster from 0 – 65% similarity coefficient. At 71%, two clusters were discerned with sample 6 and 7 having separated from the clusters. However, two samples 3 and 4 tied at 87% showing the possibility of very close relationships. Two local apples (green and red color) and one exotic apple (green color) were analyzed with 132 bands from 16 polymorphic primers. The dendrogram generated showed a closer relationships between green exotic and green local varieties of apple

Effect of foliar application of zinc and salicylic acid on growth, flowering and chemical constitute of African marigold cv. pusa narangi gainda (Targets erecta L.)

A field experiment on African marigold (Targets erecta L.) was conducted during winter season of 2014-15to study the foliar effect of Zn and SA of 20 treatment combinations having five concentrations of zinc (0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0 %) and salicylic acid (0.0, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 mM/L).The treatmentZn4SA3 (Zinc 1% + Salicylic acid 1.0 mM/L) recorded the maximum plant height (77.41 cm), number of leaves per plant (314.10),earliest first flower bud appearance (39.78 days), maximum number of flowers per plant (62.33), maximum chlorophyll content (3.83mg/g) and maximum carotene content (3.07 mg/g)as compared to control where it was recorded minimum. These results are conclusive that foliar spraying with zinc 1.0% + salicylic acid 1.0 mM/L may positively increasedthe growth and flowering parametersof marigold

Determination of Rheumatoid Factor in Suspected Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Attending Selected Hospitals in Zaria, Nigeria

The study was carried out to provide information on RF among RA especially in the Northern part of Nigeria is relatively scarce. As such, rheumatoid factor levels in blood could serve as a predictive index for the onset of Rheumatoid arthritis. A total of 182 sera samples were analyse for the presence of IgM rheumatoid factor by ELISA. Seventeen (17) were found to be positive and 165 negative giving a prevalence of 9.3% and 90.7% respectively. The age range of 50 and above had the highest RF positive cases of 4.9%. This is followed by the eighteen (18) to thirty (30) age range. The association was not significant at p-value of 0.05. Similarly, the relationship between RF and gender showed that 5.5% (n=101) of females were positive while than 3.8% (n=81) of males were positive. The association was not significant. The highest participants had tertiary level of education which has a RF prevalence of 4.4%. Most of the participants that tested positive for RF were married (8.2%). There was no significant association between positivity for RF and level of education as well as marital status. There was however no statistical significant association between RF and the signs and symptoms (stiffness of joints, swelling around the joints, general fatigue, muscle pains, fever 13 and joint pains). Out of the 29 patients with history investigated for RA, 4 (2.2%) were positive for RF. Among the participants that smoke cigarette (n=4), none was RF positive. Both factors did not show significant association at a p-value of 0.05. The information in this study would serve as a predictive index for the onset of Rheumatoid arthritis. Keywords: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rheumatoid Factor, Auto-immune disease, synovial inflammatio

Office cystometry in a resource‑constrained setting: Spectrum of diagnoses and correlation with QUID

Background: Office cystometry is an appropriate technology alternative to urodynamics, especially in resource‑poor settings. The combination of a validated screening tool such as the Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID) and office cystometry stands as the gold standard in the evaluation of urinary incontinence, where urodynamics is not available. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the spectrum of urinary incontinence diagnoses using a combination of urogynecological examination and office cystometry among women in a resource‑constrained sub‑Saharan African setting and to correlate this with their QUID diagnoses. Methods: Sixty consenting women who had urinary incontinence diagnosed with QUID were recruited from a related study. The cough stress test was performed to elicit stress incontinence. Standard digital and speculum examinations were performed. Postvoid residual urine volume was determined by catheterization. Simple cystometry was performed to detect detrusor overactivity. Using urogynecological examination and simple cystometry as the gold standard, sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values were calculated for QUID.Results: The spectrum of diagnoses made using urogynecological examination and office cystometry included no incontinence 13 (21.7%), urge incontinence 23 (38.3%), stress incontinence 18 (30.0%), mixed incontinence 5 (8.3%), and overflow incontinence in 1 (1.7%) woman, respectively. Using this as the gold standard, QUID demonstrated sensitivity of 87.0%, 55.6%, and 60.0% for urge, stress, and mixed incontinence, respectively, with corresponding specificity of 73.0%, 81.0%, and 83.6%, respectively.Conclusion: Urogynecological examination and office cystometry identified stress, urge, mixed, and overflow urinary incontinence in the study population. Overall, good correlation existed between the QUID and office cystometric diagnoses. Key words: Cystometry; diagnosis; incontinence; urinary; urodynamics; screening

Mobilisation Du Foncier Au Profit Des Investissements Immobiliers Publics Dans La Commune D’Abomey-Calavi

Pour faire face à l’évolution démographique et à l’augmentation de la demande de logement dans la ville d’Abomey-Calavi, l’Etat Béninois a initié de nombreux projets de construction de logements économiques au profit des ménages. La présente recherche vise à analyser les stratégies de mobilisation du foncier au profit de ces investissements. La méthodologie de recherche s’est basée sur les recherches documentaires, la collecte de données auprès de 113 personnes par entretien et questionnaire, le traitement de ces données et l’analyse des résultats par le biais du modèle SWOT ou FFOM (Forces, Faiblesses, Opportunités et Menaces).Les résultats obtenus montrent que deux principales stratégies sont utilisées par les autorités pour mobiliser le foncier pour la  construction de logements sociaux.  Il s’agit de la constitution de réserves administratives à l’issue des opérations de lotissement  et de l’expropriation foncière pour cause d’utilité publique.  Au total, 539 réserves administratives ont été constituées dans la Commune d’Abomey-Calavi et environ 3 457 ha de domaines ont été expropriés au profit des programmes immobiliers. Trente-deux (32) logements de type F2, soixante-quinze (75) logements de type F3 et quarante-cinq (45) logements de type F4 ont été construits sur le site de la Zopah à Abomey-Calavi en 2008. De même, il est prévu la construction de 200 logements de type F2, 500 logements de type F3 et 300 logements de type F4 sur un premier site  dans l’Arrondissement de Ouèdo.  Sur un second site du même arrondissement, 8900 logements sont en cours de construction dont 3035 sont pratiquement achevés.  Malgré ces efforts en termes d’investissements,  les ménages font évoquent  des insuffisances qui ne facilitent pas un accès équitable et juste  auxdits logements. . Pour 75% des personnes interrogées, ces logements seraient trop chers ; 20% trouvent que ces logements sont exigus, et 5% trouvent que leurs plans architecturaux ne conviennent pas aux besoins des ménages. Il paraît donc  important que les autorités publiques travaillent davantage à l’ancrage socio-économique de ces logements pour faciliter leur acquisition et leur occupation par les ménages

Open intramedullary nailing for segmental long bone fractures: an effective alternative in a resource restricted environment

Background: Closed, locked intramedullary nailing has been accepted as the gold standard in the care of femoral fractures, with reported union rates as high as 98–100%. Closed, locked intramedullary nailing often requires expensive equipment which is a challenge in developing countries. Segmental long bone fractures are often a result of high‑energy trauma and hence often associated with a lot of injuries to the surrounding soft tissues. This consequently results in higher rates of delayed or nonunion. This study was proposed to review the outcome of management of segmental fractures with locked intramedullary nails, using an open method of reduction. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made of data obtained from all segmental long bone fractures treated with intramedullary nailing over a 1‑year period. Records were retrieved from the folders of patients operated on from January 2011 to  December 2011. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 1 year after the surgery. Results: We managed a total of 12 segmental long bone fractures in 11 patients. Eight of the 12 fractures were femoral fractures and 10 of the fractures were closed fractures. All but one fracture (91.7%) achieved union within 4 months with no major complications.Conclusions: Open method of locked intramedullary nailing achieves satisfactory results when used for the management of long bone fractures. The method can be used for segmental fractures of the humerus, femur, and tibia, with high union rates. This is particularly useful in low‑income societies where the use of intraoperative imaging may be unavailable or unaffordable. It gives patients in such societies, a chance for comparable outcomes in terms of union rates as well as avoidance of major complications. Larger prospective studies will be necessary to conclusively validate the efficacy of this fixation method in this environment.Keywords: Locked intramedullary nailing, open reduction, segmental fracture

Sex-based Differences in C. elegans Responsiveness to Aversive Stimuli

Behavioral differences between sexes are evident across many species. The underlying mechanisms surrounding such differences are not fully elucidated, however, due to the complexities of animal behavior. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a well-characterized, genetically amenable species with two sexes, hermaphrodites (XX) and males (XO). This makes it an appropriate model system for investigating sex-based behavioral differences. Chemosensation in C. elegans is mediated by exposed ciliated sensory neurons, one of which is ASH. ASH is a polymodal nociceptor that elicits reversal when an animal encounters aversive stimuli. We hypothesized that hermaphrodite and male C. elegans worms respond differently to stimuli detected by ASH such as the bitter tastant quinine, the detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and the heavy metal copper (CuCl2). Wild-type assay-age hermaphrodites and males were picked from a nematode growth media (NGM) plate with E. coli OP50 and kept on an NGM plate without food for 10 minutes prior to assaying. A drop of aversive stimulus was placed in front of a forward-moving animal, and the animal’s response was recorded. A positive response is backwards movement within 4 seconds after contact with the stimulus. Our results reveal a quantifiable difference in how wild-type hermaphrodite and male C. elegans respond to aversive stimuli. Specifically, wild-type males are less responsive than hermaphrodites to quinine, SDS, and CuCl2. Further investigations will be conducted through experiments with C. elegans strains in which hermaphrodites have masculinized, and males have feminized nervous systems or subsets of neurons. Through these experiments, we aim to explore potential sites of difference that lead to these observable differences in responsiveness to aversive stimuli

Digestibility Study and Nutrient Re-evaluation in Clarias gariepinus Fed Blood Meal-Rumen Digesta Blend Diet

The nutrient utilization and digestibility of blood meal-bovine rumen digesta blend diet (BMBRD) fed to Clarias gariepinus burchell (1822) was assessed using 60 C. gariepinus juveniles with a view to confirming the digestibility and suitability of the BMBRD blend inclusion level in the diet of C. gariepinus for sustainable clariid production. Two set of three iso-nitrogenous experimental diets containing 35% crude protein were formulated with 0%, 25% and 50% BMBRD inclusion level to substitute the fishmeal component which was the primary protein source. The first set of experimental diet was designed to monitor the growth performance and feed utilization was fed fortnightly in duplicate to C. gariepinus juveniles, stocked in glass aquaria (60 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm) at 4% of the body weight in two instalments daily for 10 weeks, while the second experimental diet with 0.5% chromic oxide (Cr2O3) inclusion (as a digestibility marker) was prepared and fed to the fish for 7 days to determine to digestibility of the different BMBRD included diets. The obtained results showed that the fish fed 25% BMBRD included diet had significantly higher (p < 0.05) growth performance and feed utilization indices than the other experimental diets. Similar to observation in the growth performance and feed utilization indices, the fish fed BMBRD included diets had significantly higher (p < 0.05) protein and energy digestibilities than the fish fed 0% BMBRD (control diet) and the study confirmed that fishmeal can be partially replaced up to 25% BMBRD blend in C. gariepinus diet for optimum growth performance and feed utilization