Entre Sofie y Tovelille. Las escuelas de la comunidad danesa frente al problema de la identidad nacional de las generaciones nacidas en la Argentina (1886-1930)

This study examines certain aspects of the process of adaptation to a new society faced by a north European ethnic group: Danish settlers in rural districts of the central-southern province of Buenos Aires, The author attempts to analizae the influence among Danes in Argentina of a religious movement, widely extended in Denmark in the last three decades of the nineteenth century, which aimed to revive Danish nationalism after the defeat during the war against Pussia in 1864. The Danish Lutheran Evangelical Church in Argentina tried to maintain the religious and national identity of these inmigrats, and encouraged community schools to create a double national identity, by the preservation and propagation of the social and cultural values of Danish national iconography among successive generations born in Argentina.Este trabajo examina algunos aspectos del proceso de adaptación a la nueva sociedad de un grupo étnico noreuropeo: los daneses asentados en el mundo rural de los partidos del centro-sur de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). El análisis intenta comprender cuál fue la influencia que, entre los daneses de la Argentina, tuvo un movimiento de base religiosa, de gran difusión en Dinamarca durante las tres últimas décadas del siglo XIX, que intentaba reavivar el sentimiento nacional danés tras la derrota en la guerra contra Prusia en 1864. El trabajo centrará su atención en el rol de la iglesia evangélica luterana danesa de la Argentina en la retención de la identificación religiosa y nacional de este grupo inmigratorio; y en las funciones atribuidas por la propia iglesia, a las escuelas de la comunidad en la creación de una doble identidad nacional, a través de la difusión y de la preservación de los valores socio-culturales y de la iconografía nacional danesa entre las generaciones nacidas en la Argentina

A 3-D numerical model of the influence of meanders on groundwater discharge to a gaining stream in an unconfined sandy aquifer

Groundwater discharge to streams depends on stream morphology and groundwater flow direction, but are not always well understood. Here a 3-D groundwater flow model is employed to investigate the impact of meandering stream geometries on groundwater discharge to streams in an unconfined and homogenous sandy aquifer at the reach scale (10–200 m). The effect of meander geometry was examined by considering three scenarios with varying stream sinuosity. The interaction with regional groundwater flow was examined for each scenario by considering three groundwater flow directions. The sensitivity of stream morphology and flow direction to other parameters was quantified by varying the stream width, the meander amplitude, the magnitude of the hydraulic gradient, the hydraulic conductivity, and the aquifer thickness. Implications for a real stream were then investigated by simulating groundwater flow to a stream at a field site located in Grindsted, Denmark. The simulation of multiple scenarios was made possible by the employment of a computationally efficient coordinate transform numerical method. Comparison of the scenarios showed that the geometry of meanders greatly affect the spatial distribution of groundwater flow to streams. The shallow part of the aquifer discharges to the outward pointing meanders, while deeper groundwater flows beneath the stream and enters from the opposite side. The balance between these two types of flow depends on the aquifer thickness and meander geometry. Regional groundwater flow can combine with the effect of stream meanders and can either enhance or smooth the effect of a meander bend, depending on the regional flow direction. Results from the Grindsted site model showed that real meander geometries had similar effects to those observed for the simpler sinuous streams, and showed that despite large temporal variations in stream discharge, the spatial pattern of flow is almost constant in time for a gaining stream

Subsurface imaging of water electrical conductivity, hydraulic permeability and lithology at contaminated sites by induced polarization

At contaminated sites, knowledge about geology and hydraulic properties of the subsurface and extent of the contamination is needed for assessing the risk and for designing potential site remediation. In this study, we have developed a new approach for characterizing contaminated sites through time-domain spectral induced polarization. The new approach is based on: (1) spectral inversion of the induced polarization data through a reparametrization of the Cole-Cole model, which disentangles the electrolytic bulk conductivity from the surface conductivity for delineating the contamination plume; (2) estimation of hydraulic permeability directly from the inverted parameters using a laboratory-derived empirical equation without any calibration; (3) the use of the geophysical imaging results for supporting the geological modelling and planning of drilling campaigns. The new approach was tested on a data set from the Grindsted stream (Denmark), where contaminated groundwater from a factory site discharges to the stream. Two overlapping areas were covered with seven parallel 2-D profiles each, one large area of 410 m 790m(5melectrode spacing) and one detailed area of 126m 742m(2melectrode spacing). The geophysical results were complemented and validated by an extensive set of hydrologic and geologic information, including 94 estimates of hydraulic permeability obtained from slug tests and grain size analyses, 89 measurements of water electrical conductivity in groundwater, and four geological logs. On average the IP-derived and measured permeability values agreed within one order of magnitude, except for those close to boundaries between lithological layers (e.g. between sand and clay), where mismatches occurred due to the lack of vertical resolution in the geophysical imaging. An average formation factor was estimated from the correlation between the imaged bulk conductivity values and the water conductivity values measured in groundwater, in order to convert the imaging results from bulk conductivity to water conductivity. The geophysical models were actively used for supporting the geological modelling and the imaging of hydraulic permeability andwater conductivity allowed for a better discrimination of the clay/lignite lithology from the porewater conductivity. Furthermore, high water electrical conductivity values were found in a deep confined aquifer, which is separated by a low-permeability clay layer from a shallow aquifer. No contamination was expected in this part of the confined aquifer, and confirmation wells were drilled in the zone of increased water electrical conductivity derived from the geophysical results.Water samples from the new wells showed elevated concentrations of inorganic compounds responsible for the increased water electrical conductivity in the confined aquifer and high concentrations of xenobiotic organic contaminants such as chlorinated ethenes, sulfonamides and barbiturates

Clinical highlights: messages from Munich

This article reviews a selection of presentations in the area of clinical problems that were presented at the 2014 European Respiratory Society International Congress in Munich, Germany. We review the most recent and relevant topics of interest in the area of clinical respiratory medicine, encompassing novel reports and studies that are of particular interest to healthcare professionals. Topics ranging from basic science to translation research are presented and discussed in the context of the most up-to-date literature. In particular, the reviewed topics deal with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (pathogenesis and therapy), advances in functional chest imaging, interventional pulmonology, pulmonary rehabilitation, and chronic care