A dynamic model of Venus's gravity field

Unlike Earth, long wavelength gravity anomalies and topography correlate well on Venus. Venus's admittance curve from spherical harmonic degree 2 to 18 is inconsistent with either Airy or Pratt isostasy, but is consistent with dynamic support from mantle convection. A model using whole mantle flow and a high viscosity near surface layer overlying a constant viscosity mantle reproduces this admittance curve. On Earth, the effective viscosity deduced from geoid modeling increases by a factor of 300 from the asthenosphere to the lower mantle. These viscosity estimates may be biased by the neglect of lateral variations in mantle viscosity associated with hot plumes and cold subducted slabs. The different effective viscosity profiles for Earth and Venus may reflect their convective styles, with tectonism and mantle heat transport dominated by hot plumes on Venus and by subducted slabs on Earth. Convection at degree 2 appears much stronger on Earth than on Venus. A degree 2 convective structure may be unstable on Venus, but may have been stabilized on Earth by the insulating effects of the Pangean supercontinental assemblage

\u27Being in\u27 and \u27Feeling seen\u27 in Professional Development as new Teachers: The Ontological Layer(ing) of Professional Development Practice

Dominant discourses on professional development for teachers internationally are increasingly geared to the priority of ensuring individual teachers are meeting prescribed standards-based performance benchmarks which we call ‘performativities’ in this paper. While this intent is invariably played out in individualised performance management meetings and ‘fly by’ professional development workshops, our research into a NZ primary school discovered a counter-movement at work rejecting imposed standards and preoccupations with instrumental performativites and replacing these with teacher co-constructed and contextualised capacity matrices immersed within an ‘open’ and ‘seeing’ professional learning culture of support. Within manifestations of a rich and enabling culture of professional development the ontological nature of professional development within the school offers understandings which show the experiential nature of ‘being in’ and ‘feeling seen’ in professional development with consequent implications for improved classroom practices. The purpose of this paper is to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Using interpretive and hermeneutic analyses within a phenomenological inquiry, experiential accounts of the nature of professional development at a New Zealand Primary School are worked for their emergent and ontological themes. Findings – This research reveals the ontological nature of professional development as a matter of ‘being in’ and ‘feeling seen’ in professional development in an embodied, supported and holistic way. Originality/value – Importantly, the nature of a school’s culture and a teacher’s way-of-being within this culture matters to teacher professional development practices and teacher professional growth. Implications exist for school leaders, teacher educators, and teacher and leader education programmes approaches to professional development in relation to the priority of experiential stories for understanding professional development practice, the need for re-balancing a concern for professional knowledge and practice with new teachers as a ‘way of being’ in professional development, and the pedagogical implications of evoking sensitivities and attunement in professional development practice for new teachers. Keywords- Teacher Standards, School Culture, Professional Development, Ontology Paper type- Conceptual research pape

Click Here! E-Learning Modules for Innovative Instruction and Learning

Purpose: Re-designing all or portions of a course with a fresh perspective can re-energize faculty and make the content more engaging for the learner. Teaching the millennial generation is also prompting faculty to revisit educational strategies. The use of electronic learning platforms, such as eLearning modules, is an innovative learning strategy with several reported benefits including flexibility and convenience for usage, ability for learners to study at their own pace and adaptability to different learning styles. Using technology that is free or already available to faculty, even the novice designer can begin development of these useful study tools. The key to effective eLearning modules is in their design, implementation and subsequent evaluation for effectiveness. Methods and/or Description of Project: Learn from the practical experience of early adopters who will review the evidence supporting this type of delivery, the decision making process utilized to identify appropriate content areas, and provide a step-by-step template of how module development goes from a sketch and brainstormed idea to a tangible product with input from students, clinical instructors and an interprofessional peer faculty team. In addition, ideas for evaluating effectiveness will be shared based on the Pillars of Learning Effectiveness. Several exemplars of E-learning modules will be demonstrated on selected topics such as cardiopulmonary evaluation, range of motion assessment, bariatric equipment overview, and clinical education faculty development. Results/Outcomes: Use of e-learning modules has been implemented in several classes throughout the curriculum on a variety of educational topics including cardiopulmonary evaluation, range of motion examination, and overview of bariatric equipment. A module is also being developed for clinical education faculty regarding methods for providing meaningful student feedback during clinical education experiences. The preliminary data supports that learning outcomes have been achieved with high student usage and satisfaction, an improved first time lab practical pass rate with less faculty time needed for student remediation, and overall faculty satisfaction with the implementation of e-learning modules. Conclusions/Relevance to the conference theme: The Pursuit of Excellence in Physical Therapy Education: In the pursuit of excellence in physical therapy education, instructors are always looking for innovative, evidence-based instructional methods to enhance student learning and meet the needs of the millennial student. E-Learning modules utilizing interactive technology have been shown to be an effective method for improving student performance in the classroom and the clinic and overall are well received by students. These study aides are individualized, flexible, available any time on any device, align directly to learning objectives and assessment, and provide immediate feedback to facilitate student learning. This supports the APTA Education Section’s strategic plan of supporting the educator role with “evidence based teaching and learning principles, methods and strategies.

The Impediments to Nigeria Understanding Oil Production Volumes, Losses and Potential Solutions

The issue of the quantity of oil produced or missing has traditionally been played down in Nigeria. This is evident as no one in or outside Nigeria is able to quote a totally reliable production volume or loss figure. The aim of this study is thus to search for the root causes as to why there are difficulties in ascertaining the quantity of crude oil produced or missing per day and for potential solutions. The research assesses the present situation and problems requiring solution concerning Nigerian oil and gas measurement control. This is achieved through an intensive review of each of the notified bodies responsible for Nigeria’s oil and gas measurement control, using secondary resources. The bodies reviewed in this study are the Department of Petroleum Resources and the Weights and Measures Department. The study has identified knowledge impediments among the designated bodies. Also discovered were inadequate measurement equipment and absence of measurement guidelines, thus, no mechanisms were in place to address any mismeasurements or losses that are discovered. Provision of comprehensive training to the regulatory body to provide it with the necessary “teeth” to ensure effective delivery of it regulatory function has therefore been recommended as the key solution

Unexpected sounds inhibit the movement of the eyes during reading and letter scanning

Novel sounds that unexpectedly deviate from a repetitive sound sequence are well known to cause distraction. Such unexpected sounds have also been shown to cause global motor inhibition, suggesting that they trigger a neurophysiological response aimed at stopping ongoing actions. Recently, evidence from eye movements has suggested that unexpected sounds also temporarily pause the movements of the eyes during reading, though it is unclear if this effect is due to inhibition of oculomotor planning or inhibition of language processes. Here, we sought to distinguish between these two possibilities by comparing a natural reading task to a letter scanning task that involves similar oculomotor demands to reading, but no higher level lexical processing. Participants either read sentences for comprehension or scanned letter strings of these sentences for the letter ‘o’ in three auditory conditions: silence, standard, and novel sounds. The results showed that novel sounds were equally distracting in both tasks, suggesting that they generally inhibit ongoing oculomotor processes independent of lexical processing. These results suggest that novel sounds may have a global suppressive effect on eye-movement control

Systematic Review of Preclinical Surgical Meshes for Hernia Repair

Hernia repair is one of the most common procedures performed around the world. Surgical mesh materials are used to reinforce hernia repairs and improve surgical outcomes. However, current commercial mesh materials produce problems such as infection, rejection, shrinkage, adhesion, and mechanical failure. These problems contribute to a high rate of hernia recurrence and mesh removal. With the number of hernias expected to rise in the future due to increases in obesity and diabetes, the need for more effective mesh materials is critical. This review aims to identify, evaluate, and summarize experimental surgical mesh materials used in the preclinical stages of development and catalogue their characteristics and the tests used for their evaluation.https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/surp2021/1053/thumbnail.jp

Comparison of Simulator Wear Measured by Gravimetric vs Optical Surface Methods for Two Million Cycles

Understanding wear mechanisms are key for better implants Critical to the success of the simulation Small amount of metal wear can have catastrophic effects in the patient such as heavy metal poisoning or deterioration of the bone/implant interface leading to implant failure Difficult to measure in heavy hard-on-hard implants (metal-on-metal or ceramic-on-ceramic) May have only fractions of a milligram of wear on a 200 g component At the limit of detection of even high-end balances when the component is 200 g and the change in weight is on the order of 0.000 1 grams Here we compare the standard gravimetric wear estimate with A non-contact 3D optical profiling method at each weighing stop A coordinate measuring machine (CMM) at the beginning and end of the ru

Role of intrinsic antioxidant enzymes in renal oxidant injury

Role of intrinsic antioxidant enzymes in renal oxidant injury. To investigate the functional role of renal intrinsic antioxidant enzymes (AOEs), the levels of AOE activities in isolated glomeruli and the changes in renal function to oxidant insults were assessed in normal control rats (NC, N = 23) and rats subjected to 30-minutes of complete renal ischemia for three days (day-3, N = 20) or six days (day-6, N = 23) prior to study. When compared to NC, the activities of total and manganese (cyanide-insensitive) superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were increased more than twofold in day-6 animals, on average, from 36 ± 4 U/mg protein, 9 ± 1 U/mg protein, 129 ± 21 U/mg protein and 1.32 ± 0.20 k/mg protein, respectively, to 80 ± 5, 27 ± 3, 283 ± 41 and 3.20 ± 0.20, respectively (P < 0.05 for all). There were no changes in AOE activities in day-3 animals. In day-6 animals, however, the activities of non-AOEs, LDH and fumarase were found to be unaffected. Separate groups of NC (N = 12), day-3 (N = 5) and day-6 (N = 12) rats were subjected to either 30 minutes of ischemia plus 60 minutes of reperfusion (I/R) or unilateral i.a. infusion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 35 µmoles in 1 hr). The degree of reduction in inulin and para-amino hippurate clearance rates following I/R were significantly less in day-6 (-21 ± 3% and -12 ± 2, respectively) compared to NC (-69 ± 9% and -59 ± 11, respectively) or day-3 rats (-73 ± 1% and -62 ± 10, respectively). Likewise, whereas urine protein excretion rate increased markedly following H2O2 administration in NC (from 4 ± 1 µg/min to 309 ± 29), proteinuria did not develop in day-6 (from 5 ± 1 µg/min to 5 ± 3). These findings suggest that renal intrinsic AOE activities can be augmented by the insult of I/R, and the enhanced AOE activities provide kidneys with an effective defense system against ROS-mediated injuries. Thus, the prevailing AOE activity levels within the kidney appear to be an important determinant for renal dysfunction induced by ROS