81 research outputs found
The ethanolamide metabolite of DHA, docosahexaenoylethanolamine, shows immunomodulating effects in mouse peritoneal and RAW264.7 macrophages: evidence for a new link between fish oil and inflammation
Several mechanisms have been proposed for the positive health effects associated with dietary consumption of long-chain n-3 PUFA (n-3 LC-PUFA) including DHA (22 : 6n-3) and EPA (20 : 5n-3). After dietary intake, LC-PUFA are incorporated into membranes and can be converted to their corresponding N-acylethanolamines (NAE). However, little is known on the biological role of these metabolites. In the present study, we tested a series of unsaturated NAE on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages. Among the compounds tested, docosahexaenoylethanolamine (DHEA), the ethanolamide of DHA, was found to be the most potent inhibitor, inducing a dose-dependent inhibition of NO release. Immune-modulating properties of DHEA were further studied in the same cell line, demonstrating that DHEA significantly suppressed the production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), a cytokine playing a pivotal role in chronic inflammation. In LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages, DHEA also reduced MCP-1 and NO production. Furthermore, inhibition was also found to take place at a transcriptional level, as gene expression of MCP-1 and inducible NO synthase was inhibited by DHEA. To summarise, in the present study, we showed that DHEA, a DHA-derived NAE metabolite, modulates inflammation by reducing MCP-1 and NO production and expression. These results provide new leads in molecular mechanisms by which DHA can modulate inflammatory processes
Le cancer du rein chez lâadulte. Etude rĂ©trospective Ă propos de 155 cas
Objectif: Analyser les diffĂ©rents aspects Ă©pidĂ©miologiques, cliniques, radiologiques, pathologiques et thĂ©rapeutiques du cancer du rein dans notre contexte. Patients et mĂ©thodes: Il sâagit dâune Ă©tude rĂ©trospective Ă partir des dossiers des patients hospitalisĂ©s Ă notre service dâurologie pour tumeurs du rein entre 1990 et 2007. Sur les 155 dossiers consultĂ©s, 125 patients ont Ă©tĂ© traitĂ©s chirurgicalement, et pour 30 patients, lâabstention a Ă©tĂ© justifiĂ©e par le stade Ă©voluĂ© localement ou mĂ©tastatique et/ou le mauvais Ă©tat gĂ©nĂ©ral. Les paramĂštres Ă©tudiĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© : lâĂąge, la symptomatologie clinique, le bilan radiologique, le type dâintervention, les rĂ©sultats anatomopathologiques et le stade histologique TNM. Tous les patients ont Ă©tĂ© revus avec un examen clinique, une Ă©chographie ou tomodensitomĂ©trie abdominale avec radiographie thoracique et une crĂ©atinĂ©mie. RĂ©sultats: Il sâagissait de 105 hommes et 50 femmes. LâĂąge moyen de dĂ©couverte Ă©tait de 60 ans (extrĂȘmes : 18 et 85 ans). Le dĂ©lai moyen entre lâapparition des symptĂŽmes et le diagnostic Ă©tait dâenviron 9 mois (extrĂȘmes : 1 et 24 mois). LâhĂ©maturie Ă©tait le signe rĂ©vĂ©lateur le plus important notĂ© chez 45,2% des cas. Le diagnostic a Ă©tĂ© basĂ© sur le couple Ă©chographie â tomodensitomĂ©trie chez tous nos patients. La taille tumorale moyenne Ă©tait de 10 cm (extrĂȘmes 3 et 20 cm) lors du bilan initial. Le rein gauche Ă©tait touchĂ© plus souvent que le rein droit (67% vs. 33%). Le bilan dâextension Ă distance Ă©tait nĂ©gatif chez 95 patients (61,3%), alors que 60 patients avaient des mĂ©tastases viscĂ©rales et/ou ganglionnaires. Parmi ces derniers, 30 avaient un mauvais Ă©tat gĂ©nĂ©ral et/ou des mĂ©tastases viscĂ©rales multiples ce qui a contre indiquĂ© le geste opĂ©ratoire. Les localisations mĂ©tastatiques des 30 patients opĂ©rĂ©s Ă©taient les suivantes: poumons (5 cas), ganglions (15 cas), os (2 cas), foie (8 cas). Plus de 80% des tumeurs Ă©taient des carcinomes Ă cellules claires (carcinomes conventionnels). Lâintervention a consistĂ© Ă une nĂ©phrectomie totale Ă©largie Ă ciel ouvert chez tous nos patients opĂ©rĂ©s. La mĂ©diane de suivi Ă©tait de 62 mois (extrĂȘmes: 6-72 mois). Trente patients ont Ă©tĂ© perdus de vue dĂ©finitivement aprĂšs lâintervention. Sur lâensemble de la sĂ©rie, les taux respectifs de survie sans rĂ©cidive Ă 3 ans et Ă 5 ans Ă©taient de 78,4% et 47,2%. Conclusion: Le cancer du rein est une pathologie qui nâest pas rare. Sa symptomatologie est polymorphe. Le traitement de rĂ©fĂ©rence est la nĂ©phrectomie totale Ă©largie. Les facteurs pronostiques les plus dĂ©terminants sont le stade (TNM) et le grade histologique de Fuhrman. Selon notre sĂ©rie, la nĂ©phrectomie Ă©largie permet un taux de survie sans rĂ©cidive supĂ©rieur Ă 85%, tous stades et types histologiques confondus.Mots clĂ©s: Cancer, rein, adulte
New Geophysical Electromagnetic Method of Archeological Object Research in Egypt
The demand to the enhanced geophysical technique and device, in addition to the precise interpretation of the geophysical data, is the resolution of the geophysical complex research, especially by the absence of priory information about the researched place. Therefore, an approach to use the planshet method of electromagnetic induction in the frequency geometry was developed by Hachay. et al., 1997a, 1997b, 1999, 2000, 2002, and 2005. The method was adapted to map and monitor the high complicated geological mediums, to determine the structural factors and criteria of the rock massif in the mine subsurface
Effects of regulating the European Internal Market on the integration of variable renewable energy
ABSTRACT: The new proposal for regulating the European Internal Market for Electricity (EIME) can motivate the harmonization of the various National markets. The process of harmonizing the day-ahead markets (DAMs) is at an advanced stage, with an efficiency in the use of interconnectors of 86%. However, the harmonization of both intraday (IDMs) and balancing markets (BMs) is still in its infancy, with an efficiency in the use of interconnectors of 50 and 19%, respectively. The new proposal brings new targets to DAMs, and European countries should make efforts to comply with them. The same is true for IDMs and BMs, but involving more ambitious targets, requiring higher efforts to be accomplished. Both the analysis of the various National markets (according to their compliance with the new proposal for regulating the EIME) and the advantages of the new proposal for key market participants (particularly, consumers, variable renewable generation, and conventional generation) are presented. The analysis indicates that the proposal contributes to a potential increase of the general welfare of market participants. However, some aspects of the proposal can negatively affect the revenue obtained from the National markets, notably for variable renewable generation and conventional generation. This article is categorized under: Wind Power > Systems and Infrastructure Energy Policy and Planning > Economics and Policy Energy Systems Analysis > Economics and Policy Energy and Development > Economics and Policyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Efficient derivation of microglia-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells
Microglia, the only lifelong resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are highly specialized macrophages that have been recognized to have a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). However, in contrast to other cell types of the human CNS, bona fide microglia have not yet been derived from cultured human pluripotent stem cells. Here we establish a robust and efficient protocol for the rapid production of microglia-like cells from human (h) embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells that uses defined serum-free culture conditions. These in vitro pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia-like cells (termed pMGLs) faithfully recapitulate the expected ontogeny and characteristics of their in vivo counterparts, and they resemble primary fetal human and mouse microglia. We generated these cells from multiple disease-specific cell lines and find that pMGLs derived from an hES model of Rett syndrome are smaller than their isogenic controls. We further describe a platform to study the integration and live behavior of pMGLs in organotypic 3D cultures. This modular differentiation system allows for the study of microglia in highly defined conditions as they mature in response to developmentally relevant cues, and it provides a framework in which to study the long-term interactions of microglia residing in a tissue-like environment.Simons Foundation (Grant SFARI 204106)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant HD 045022)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant R37-CA084198)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant NS088538)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant 1RF1 AG042978
CURATION AND MANAGEMENT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE THROUGH LIBRARIES
Libraries, museums and archives hold valuable collections in a variety of media, presenting a vast
body of knowledge rooted in the history of human civilisation. These form the repository of the
wisdom of great works by thinkers of past and the present. The holdings of these institutions are
priceless heritage of the mankind as they preserve documents, ideas, and the oral and written
records. To value the cultural heritage and to care for it as a treasure bequeathed to us by our
ancestors is the major responsibility of libraries. The past records constitute a natural resource
and are indispensable to the present generation as well as to the generations to come. Libraries
preserve the documentary heritage resources for which they are primarily responsible. Any loss of
such materials is simply irreplaceable. Therefore, preserving this intellectual, cultural heritage
becomes not only the academic commitment but also the moral responsibility of the
librarians/information scientists, who are in charge of these repositories.
The high quality of the papers and the discussion represent the thinking and experience of experts
in their particular fields. The contributed papers also relate to the methodology used in libraries
in Asia to provide access to manuscripts and cultural heritage. The volume discusses best practices
in Knowledge preservation and how to collaborate and preserve the culture. The book also deals with
manuscript and archives issues in the digital era.
The approach of this book is concise, comprehensively, covering all major aspects of preservation
and conservation through libraries. The readership of the book is not just limited to library and
information science professionals, but also for those involved in conservation, preservation,
restoration or other related disciplines. The book will be useful for librarians, archivists and
conservators.
We thank the Sunan Kalijaga University, Special Libraries Association- Asian Chapter for their
trust and their constant support, all the contributors for their submissions, the members of the Local
and International Committee for their reviewing effort for making this publication possible
Calculation of Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer in Channels With Streamwise-Periodic Flow
Optimization Control of DC Motor with Linear Quadratic Regulator and Genetic Algorithm Approach
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