Proximal femoral nail antirotation II in fixation of intertrochanteric fractures: retrospective and prospective observational study

Background: Intertrochanteric fractures occur mostly in elderly patients, and the outcome may be extremely poor if there is prolonged bed-rest. The best treatment for trochanteric fracture remains controversial. Proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) II has excellent fit as the design is adapted to the anatomical situation of small statured patients also. It has a medial lateral angle of 5 degrees. It has several distal locking options viz static/dynamic. Objective of this study was to observe the operating time, blood loss and fracture union in intertrochanteric fractures treated with PFNA II from the data collected from patient’s case sheets and post-operative X-rays.Methods: 25 patients who were operated with PFNA II for unstable intertrochanteric fracture were selected using random selection and following parameters were noted from the records.Results: The mean age of the participants is 70.72±8.55 years with range from 52 years to 89 years. The mean duration was 1.98 hours ±0.66. The median duration was 2 with interquartile range from 1.5 to 2.5 hours. Mean blood loss was estimated to be 390 ml±62.78. The median blood loss was 370 ml with interquartile range from 360 to 420 ml.Conclusions: The PFNA II is an ideal implant for unstable intertrochanteric fracture since stable intramedullary fixation can be achieved with almost 100% union in the studied population

Single Phase Fifteen Level Inverter using Seven Switches for Industrial Applications

This paper proposes a single-phase fifteen-level inverter using seven switches, with a novel pulse width-modulated (PWM) control scheme. The Proposed multilevel inverter output voltage level increasing by using less number of switches driven by the multicarrier modulation techniques. The inverter is capable of producing fifteen levels of output-voltage (Vdc, 6Vdc/7, 5Vdc/7, 4Vdc/7, 3Vdc/7, 2Vdc/7, Vdc/7,0, -Vdc/7,  -2Vdc/7, -3Vdc/7, - 4Vdc/7, -5Vdc/7, -6Vdc/7, -Vdc) from the dc supply voltage. A digital multi carrier PWM algorithm was implemented in a Spartan 3E FPGA. The proposed system was verified through simulation and implemented in a prototype

First report of Echthrogaleus denticulatus (Smith 1874) on the pelagic thresher shark (Alopias pelagicus Nakamura 1935) from Indian EEZ of Andaman Sea

The present study reports the occurrence of the pandarid parasite, Echthrogaleus denticulatus as an ectoparasite on the pelagic thresher shark (Alopias pelagicus) from the Indian EEZ of Andaman Sea. A total of 36 parasite specimens were found aggregated near the cloacal aperture of eight pelagic thresher sharks caught as bycatch by multifilament tuna longliner MFV Blue Marlin during July 2015 and February 2016 voyages in Andaman and Nicobar waters. This is the first report of ectoparasite from the Indian EEZ of the Andaman Sea

Quantum discord and classical correlation can tighten the uncertainty principle in the presence of quantum memory

Uncertainty relations capture the essence of the inevitable randomness associated with the outcomes of two incompatible quantum measurements. Recently, Berta et al. have shown that the lower bound on the uncertainties of the measurement outcomes depends on the correlations between the observed system and an observer who possesses a quantum memory. If the system is maximally entangled with its memory, the outcomes of two incompatible measurements made on the system can be predicted precisely. Here, we obtain a new uncertainty relation that tightens the lower bound of Berta et al., by incorporating an additional term that depends on the quantum discord and the classical correlations of the joint state of the observed system and the quantum memory. We discuss several examples of states for which our new lower bound is tighter than the bound of Berta et al. On the application side, we discuss the relevance of our new inequality for the security of quantum key distribution and show that it can be used to provide bounds on the distillable common randomness and the entanglement of formation of bipartite quantum states.Comment: v1: Latex, 4 and half pages, one fig; v2: 9 pages including 4-page appendix; v3: accepted into Physical Review A with minor change

Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of a Cropped Delta Wing

AbstractThe fluid-structure interaction behaviour of a cropped delta wing is investigated using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based aeroelastic solver in time domain. Here, an N-S based finite volume solver is coupled with a finite element based linear and nonlinear structural solvers to study the nonlinear aeroelastic characteristics of the delta wing over a range of dynamic pressures. The amplitude and frequency obtained from the present coupled solver at various dynamic pressures are compared with the available experimental and computational results

Report of Acoustic Test on PSLV IS.1/2L Structure

The results of acoustic conducted on PSLV IS.1/2L at Acoustic Test Facility are briefly given. It contains test set up, Instrumentation details and tables of spectral response

cis-Bis(2,2′-bipyridine-κ2 N,N′)dichloridocobalt(II) trihydrate

In the title complex, [CoCl2(C10H8N2)2]·3H2O, the Co(II) ion is situated on a twofold rotation axis and exhibits a slightly distorted octa­hedral geometry and is chelated by four N atoms of the two bidentate 2,2′-bipyridine ligands and two Cl− ions. The crystal packing is stabilized by hydrogen bonding formed between chloride ions and adjacent water mol­ecules. One of the two independent water molecules in the asymmetric unit is disordered over two sets of sites, each on a twofold rotation axis, in a 0.734 (17):0.269 (17) ratio

A Study on Diagnostic Methodology of Swetha Kuttam in the Context of Ennvagai Thervugal

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: AIM: Skin is one of the most important organs of the body because it protects the internal organs firm the environmental influences. From pediatric to geriatric all age group are affected to geriatric all age groups are affected from skin disease Kuttam is a general term used for the group of various skin diseases. Kuttam is classified in to 18 types in yugi vaithya sinthamani. Swetha kuttam is one of the eighteen types of kuttam. I have selected swetha kuttam for my study. The aim of my study is to evaluate the significance of siddha parameters in the diagnosis of SWETHA KUTTAM. OBJIECTIVES: The aim is to establish the following objectives. Primary: 1. To study the role of Envagai thervu in the disease of “Swetha Kuttam” 2. To reviw the literature about swetha kuttam. 3. To evaluate the etiology of Swetha kuttam. 4. To study in detail about etiopathogensis of swetha kuttam. Secondary: 1. To study the effect of Manikkadai in the disease of “Swetha Kuttam”. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Materials: The clinical study on swetha kuttam was carried in the out patients in post graduate department of Noi naadal at Govt Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai. 30 cases with clinical signs and symptoms of Swetha kuttam of both sex of all different ages were studied under the guidance of faculties of post graduate department. Selection of Patients: The clinical study was done in cases, out of that 30 cases were selected on the basis of clinical symptoms as indicated in the Siddha text. SELECTION CRITERIA: Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age between 15 – 65 yrs. 2. Sex – both male and female. 3. Hypo pigmentation in skin and mucous membrane. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Birth mark (Mole). 2. Burns. 3. Leprosy. 4. Associated with other major illness. METHODOLOGY: Study Design: Observational type of study. Study Period: 1. Total period - 1yr. 2. Recruitment for the study - Upto 10 months. 3. Data entry analysis - 1 month. 4. Report preparation and submission - 1 month. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: All collected data will be entered in to computer using MS Access/MS Excel software by the investigators. The level of significance will be 0.05. Descrptive analysis will be made and necessary tables/graphs generated to understand the profile of patients included in the study. Then statistical analysis for significance of different diagnostic charecterictics will be done.Student‘t’ test and chi-square test are proposed to be performed for quantitative and qualitative data. CONCLUSION: 1. “SWETHA KUTTAM” can be diagnosed via clinical history and clinical symptoms. 2. Ennvagai thervu reveals the deranged humor of the disease, diagnostic and prognostic value of the disease and fate of the disease. 3. In ennvagai thervu niram, neikuri, naadi has more significant in diagnostic and prognostic value of the disease. 4. Manikkadai play a major role in the diagnosis of swetha kuttam. 5. Special investigation such as skin biopsy are helpful in conforming the diagnosis of “Swetha kuttam”. 6. Reduced intake of mantham type of foods with reduce the severity of the disease. 7. The study on “swetha kuttam” may be correlated with vitiligo