Dimension Debasing towards Minimal Search Space Utilization for Mining Patterns in Big Data

Data mining algorithms generally produce patterns which are interesting. Such patterns can be used by domain experts in order to produce business intelligence. However, most of the existing algoritms that can not properly work for uncertain data. Keeping uncertain data’s characteristics in mind, it can be said that they do have more search space with existing algorithms. In this paper we proposed a method that can be used to reduce search space besides helping in producing patterns from uncertain data. The proposed method is based on MapReduce programming framework that works in distributed environment. The method essentially works on big data which is characterized by velocity, volume and variety. The proposed method also helps users to have constraints so as to produce high quality patterns. Such patterns can help in making well informed decisions. We built a prototype application that demonstrates the proof of concept. The empirical results are encouraging in mining uncertain big data in the presence of constraints. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15080

Motivations of female suicide bombers from a sociological perspective

The overarching aim of this study is to lay the framework for how social scientists study female suicide bombers and develop policy aimed at mitigating the social phenomenon. This study presents a three stage theoretical model which can be used by policymakers to recognize the type of individuals who are more likely to become vulnerable to terrorist insurgents, and makes the theoretical argument that interlocking systems of oppression combined with different social factors may act as triggers that lead women to surrender their lives to and for a terrorist organization. In addition, the study argues that by using techniques of neutralization these women are re-socialized and transformed into suicidal deviants. Furthermore, the study develops a database template which can also be utilized to design counterterrorism policies to prevent female suicide bombers and identify ways of reducing the incentives that lead women to suicide terrorism. In order to assist policymakers, this study uses theory and methods to introduce six practical non-traditional counterterrorism initiatives that may be appealing to policymakers from countries where a large number of women are involved in carrying out suicide attacks. The suggested policies can help decrease the rise of new generations of female suicide bombers while protecting the basic interests of women during an armed conflict and post-conflict zones. There is no easy or singular solution, and it will not be possible to change circumstances overnight, but by applying these policies it is possible to diffuse or perhaps weaken the contingency of recruitment networks operating among countries in conflict zones.California State University, Northridge. Department of Sociology.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 150-165

Quantitative Description of Glycan-Receptor Binding of Influenza A Virus H7 Hemagglutinin

In the context of recently emerged novel influenza strains through reassortment, avian influenza subtypes such as H5N1, H7N7, H7N2, H7N3 and H9N2 pose a constant threat in terms of their adaptation to the human host. Among these subtypes, it was recently demonstrated that mutations in H5 and H9 hemagglutinin (HA) in the context of lab-generated reassorted viruses conferred aerosol transmissibility in ferrets (a property shared by human adapted viruses). We previously demonstrated that the quantitative binding affinity of HA to α2→6 sialylated glycans (human receptors) is one of the important factors governing human adaptation of HA. Although the H7 subtype has infected humans causing varied clinical outcomes from mild conjunctivitis to severe respiratory illnesses, it is not clear where the HA of these subtypes stand in regard to human adaptation since its binding affinity to glycan receptors has not yet been quantified. In this study, we have quantitatively characterized the glycan receptor-binding specificity of HAs from representative strains of Eurasian (H7N7) and North American (H7N2) lineages that have caused human infection. Furthermore, we have demonstrated for the first time that two specific mutations; Gln226→Leu and Gly228→Ser in glycan receptor-binding site of H7 HA substantially increase its binding affinity to human receptor. Our findings contribute to a framework for monitoring the evolution of H7 HA to be able to adapt to human host.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (GM R37 GM057073-13)Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technolog

Genetic variability, frequency distribution and association analysis for high phenolic content in F2 population in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

This study assessed genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance as percentages of the mean, skewness, kurtosis, and trait relationships across nine quantitative and nutritional traits in an F2 population developed from the CO51 × Mikuruvai cross. Traits such as the number of productive tillers per plant and single plant yield demonstrated high genotypic and pheno- typic variation, substantial heritability and genetic advance as a percentage of the mean. These findings highlight the role of additive gene action and underscore the potential for effective selection. Significant positive skew- ness for these traits further highlighted their potential for genetic improve- ment. Single plant yield demonstrated strong positive correlations with plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length, kernel length, kernel breadth, length-to-breadth ratio, and 1000-seed weight, iden- tifying these as critical traits for yield enhancement. Furthermore, ten trans- gressive segregants were identified that surpassed the recipient parent CO51 in yield and the donor parent Mikuruvai in total phenolic content. These results provide a scientific basis for selecting superior genotypes and contribute to breeding programs to develop high-yielding rice varieties with enhanced nutritional quality

Management of penn maladu (female infertility) due to tubal block in Siddha medicine-A case report

Women will have a blissful and complete life after having a child. The inability to conceive a child will adversely impact a women’s life. Infertility has also been proposed as a major contributor to emotional problems and reduced quality of life. There are many factors causing infertility- ovarian, tubal, cervical and peritoneal factors. Tubal factors account for about 25-30% of female infertility. Tubal block occurs due to sexually transmitted infections, previous abdominal surgeries, past ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory diseases and pelvic adhesions or endometriosis in which scarring occur inside the lining of fallopian tubes. Siddha medicine plays a vital role in promoting reproductive health in both male and female partners. The medicines act well on clearing the tubal block and restoring the tubal functions. In this case study a Siddha regimen comprising Aadutheendapalai ennai and Pachapashana chenduram are proven beneficial in treating the tubal block. The study describes about a twenty -five-year old female patient visiting Ayothidoss pandithar Hospital, National Institute of Siddha for the management Penn maladu (Female Infertility) due to Tubal block by Siddha medicine. The patient was under treatment for two months. Hysterosalpingography was taken before and after treatment which showed clearance of block on the Right fallopian tube. In Allopathy treatment IVF is suggested for this condition. IVF is proven to be economically costly procedure and the success rate is also low. So this Siddha regimen can be given to the patients for managing female infertility due to tubal block

Genomic insights into phenolic content: Multi-environment based marker-trait association mapping in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Phenolic acids are crucial for human health due to their potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, which help protect against chronic diseases and support overall well-being. In this study, 44 rice accessions were evaluated for total phenolic content in three different locations of Tamil Nadu and the marker trait association was done using 208 SSR markers. Among the association panel, Mappillai Samba was identified as having the highest total phenolic content of 1049.936 mg GAE/100 g. The phylogenetic analysis grouped the panel of entries into five genetic structure groups which nearly matched the geographical distance among the entries. Marker-trait association studies using GLM and MLM revealed that SSR markers RM287 and RM19358 were significantly associated with total phenolic content, explaining 23.4% and 19.7% of the observed variability, respectively. These markers were located in genomic regions linked to candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of trans-cinnamate 4- monooxygenase (C4H) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), key enzymes in the phenolic acid pathway. Identifying these markers provides valuable tools for marker-assisted selection, enabling the development of biofortified rice varieties with enhanced phenolic content. Such advancements promise to improve rice nutritional quality and promoting public health through dietary interventions

Seed germination ability and protein profiling of salt marsh plants at different concentration of sodium chloride

757-765Soil salinity is an increasing problem in agriculture throughout the world. The utilization of halophytic plants for pasture and fodder production in saline soils is the only economic solution presently available. The present study discusses the effects of different concentrations of sodium chloride on seed germination and its impact was determined by protein profiling on Sesuvium portulacastrum, Suaeda maritima and Salicornia brachiata. Seeds germination was substantially delayed and reduced with an increase in NaCl to above threshold level. Changes in the pattern of protein expression were found to be prominent between control and NaCl treated seeds.pproximately 42 kDa, 26 kDa and 20 kDa were found to be up-regulated as the concentration of salt increases in Sesuvium portulacastrum. Whereas, significant variation in the protein patterns were observed in Suaeda maritima such as ~20 to 30 kDa protein bands were not visible and protein band of 55 kDa was particularly increased after 300 mM NaCl treatment. Similarly in Salicornia brachiata expression of 45 kDa protein was up regulated and approximately 25 kDa protein expression was down regulated as the concentration of salt increased to about 1.5 M, 2 M and 2.5 M. However, the upper limit for the survival of the seedling was 200 mM, 300 mM and 1 M for Sesuvium portulacastrum, Suaeda maritima and Salicornia brachiata, respectively. On the basis of the present investigation, this study suggests that optimal application of NaCl can benefit plant growth on stress tolerance studies and also helps for further investigation of the salt tolerance networks

HH Domain of Alzheimer’s Disease Aβ Provides Structural Basis for Neuronal Binding in PC12 and Mouse Cortical/Hippocampal Neurons

A key question in understanding AD is whether extracellular Aβ deposition of parenchymal amyloid plaques or intraneuronal Aβ accumulation initiates the AD process. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is endocytosed from the cell surface into endosomes where it is cleaved to produce soluble Aβ which is then released into the brain interstitial fluid. Intraneuronal Aβ accumulation is hypothesized to predominate from the neuronal uptake of this soluble extracellular Aβ rather than from ER/Golgi processing of APP. We demonstrate that substitution of the two adjacent histidine residues of Aβ40 results in a significant decrease in its binding with PC12 cells and mouse cortical/hippocampal neurons. These substitutions also result in a dramatic enhancement of both thioflavin-T positive fibril formation and binding to preformed Aβ fibrils while maintaining its plaque-binding ability in AD transgenic mice. Hence, alteration of the histidine domain of Aβ prevented neuronal binding and drove Aβ to enhanced fibril formation and subsequent amyloid plaque deposition - a potential mechanism for removing toxic species of Aβ. Substitution or even masking of these Aβ histidine residues might provide a new therapeutic direction for minimizing neuronal uptake and subsequent neuronal degeneration and maximizing targeting to amyloid plaques

Engineering a Tunable Micropattern-Array Assay To Sort Single Extracellular Vesicles and Particles To Detect RNA and Protein In Situ

The molecular heterogeneity of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the co-isolation of physically similar particles, such as lipoproteins (LPs), confounds and limits the sensitivity of EV bulk biomarker characterization. Herein, we present a single-EV and particle (siEVP) protein and RNA assay (siEVPPRA) to simultaneously detect mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins in subpopulations of EVs and LPs. The siEVPPRA immobilizes and sorts particles via positive immunoselection onto micropatterns and focuses biomolecular signals in situ. By detecting EVPs at a single-particle resolution, the siEVPPRA outperformed the sensitivities of bulk-analysis benchmark assays for RNA and protein. To assess the specificity of RNA detection in complex biofluids, EVs from various glioma cell lines were processed with small RNA sequencing, whereby two mRNAs and two miRNAs associated with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) were chosen for cross-validation. Despite the presence of single-EV-LP co-isolates in serum, the siEVPPRA detected GBM-associated vesicular RNA profiles in GBM patient siEVPs. The siEVPPRA effectively examines intravesicular, intervesicular, and interparticle heterogeneity with diagnostic promise