The rift over Germany’s trade surplus

At first it was just the US administration that criticised Germany harshly for running high external surpluses. Now even the European Commission is starting an investigation in the context of the eurozone’s imbalances procedure, as Commissioner Olli Rehn said at a press conference in Brussels on November 13

Multiprojective Seshadri stratifications for Schubert varieties and standard monomial theory

Via normal Seshadri stratifications, Chirivì, Fang and Littelmann obtained a standard monomial theory (SMT) on the homogeneous coordinate ring of certain embedded projective varieties, that is to say a basis of so called standard monomials. In the case of Schubert varieties such a SMT was already developed combinatorially by Lakshmibai, Musili and Seshadri. We generalize the notion of a Seshadri stratification to closed subvarieties in a product of projective spaces and construct such stratifications on Schubert varieties in every Dynkin type. Using the Littelmann path model, we show that these stratifications provide a geometric explanation of the SMT of Hodge and Young indexed by semistandard Young tableaux, the SMT of Lakshmibai, Musili and Seshadri and more general, of a SMT indexed by sequences of LS-paths

Commerzbank holding the legacy

Abstract: Commerzbank, Germany’s second largest & listed universal bank, is in spotlight of investors, outperforming its benchmark YTD, and evidencing high trading volumes in 2022. The bank benefits from increasing interest rates on a short-to-medium run, but an overbanked market and high FinTech competition slows the growth of commission income down. Based on various other assumptions and knowledge, Commerzbank will be valuated with the flow to equity approach, multiples valuation as well as scenario and sensitivity analysis providing price ranges and will offer recommendation based on all the facts available

Annotation of morphology and NP structure in the Copenhagen Dependency Treebanks (CDT)

Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theories. Editors: Markus Dickinson, Kaili Müürisep and Marco Passarotti. NEALT Proceedings Series, Vol. 9 (2010), 151-162. © 2010 The editors and contributors. Published by Northern European Association for Language Technology (NEALT) http://omilia.uio.no/nealt . Electronically published at Tartu University Library (Estonia) http://hdl.handle.net/10062/15891

Complementarity and division of labor between endo and exocentric languages. The case of Danish and Spanish

This paper is based on comparative data on Danish and Spanish, and argues that systematic variations between the word formation (Müller 2013) and syntactic pat terns dominating these two languages correlate with deep rooted lexical differences between endocentric (Germanic) and exocentric (Romance) languages. The paper follows the lexical typological assumption that endo and exocentric languages complementarily distributesemantic information on the two major word classes, nouns and verbs (e.g. Baron & Herslund 2005; Baron et al . 2019; Korzen 2016). Whereas the former concentrate information in the main verb and leave the nominal arguments underspecified, the latter act oppositely, that is, they tend to use general verbs (e.g. Herslund 2014; Müller 2014, 2019) and specific nouns. With respect to word formation, a consequence of the vagueness of endocentric nouns, and, thus, their hyperonymic level lexicalization, is that in order to designate entities at a hyponymic level, the Germanic languages tend to use the composition system. In contrast, exocentric nouns are already semantically saturated, so presumably the Romance languages have not developed a completesystem of morphological composition to tackle the task of creating lexical hierarchies. In these languages, either the sema ntic components are already encapsulated in the simple noun, or they use an alternative strategy, namely, derivation. Therefore, composition in the Romance languages has not generally been routinized as part of a morphological system, but has the status of a syntactic device, prototypically following the formative pattern [N prep. N]. As regards syntactic patterns, the high level of specificity of Danish verbs correlates with a structural flexibility that allows inherently intransitive, manner expressing ac tivity predicates of this language to be constructed telically. In contrast, the possibility of constructing telic variations of such predicates isgenerally considered a rather marginal phenomenon in the Romance languages (e.g. Korzen 2003: 85 89 and refe rences therein)

Danish bare singular count nouns in subject position

This paper aims at investigating under which conditions Danish Bare Singular Count Nouns (BSCNs) can function as subjects in standard categorical statements, i.e. outside special discourse types such as proverbs, newspaper headlines, titles of paintings, etc. Taking as a point of departure a brief discussion of the distributional differences between, on the one hand, Bare Plural count nouns (BPs) and mass nouns and, on the other, BSCNs, it is shown that, contrary to BP- and mass noun subjects, BSCNs in subject position are non-referential and do not imply existential presupposition. On these grounds, and on the basis of analyses of phenomena such as agreement features, genericity and pseudo-incorporation, it is argued that the BSCN-subjects of categorical statements are objects which, owing to the lack of realisation of nominal functional categories, act as property-denoting modifiers restricting the denotation of a covert predicate. Consequently, it is concluded that BSCNs in subject position do not function as arguments in themselves, but are instead pseudo-incorporated into the covert predicate as modifiers

Organizational Change Perspectives on Software Process Improvement

Many software organizations have engaged in Software Process Improvement (SPI) and experienced the challenges related to managing such complex organizational change efforts. As a result, there is an increasing body of research investigating change management in SPI. To provide an overview of what we know and don’t know about SPI as organizational change, this paper addresses the following question: What are the dominant perspectives on SPI as organizational change in the literature and how is this knowledge presented and published? All journals on the AIS ranking list were screened to identify relevant articles and Gareth Morgan’s organizational metaphors (1996) were used to analyze this literature considering the following dimensions of each article: organizational perspective (metaphor), knowledge orientation (normative versus descriptive), theoretical emphasis (high versus low), main audience (practitioner versus academic), geographical origin (Scandinavia, the Americas, Europe, or the Asia-Pacific), and publication level (high versus low ranked journal). The review demonstrates that the literature on SPI as organizational change is firmly grounded in both theory and practice, and Scandinavia and the Americas are the main contributors to this research. The distribution of articles across Morgan’s metaphors is uneven and reveals knowledge gaps that present new avenues for research. The current literature offers important insights into organizational change in SPI from machine, organism, and brain perspectives. Practitioners may use these articles as a guide to SPI insights relevant to their improvement initiatives. In contrast, the impact of culture, dominance, psychic prison, flux and transformation, and politics in SPI have only received scant attention. We argue that these perspectives offer important insights into the challenges involved in managing change in SPI. Researchers are therefore advised to engage in new SPI research based on one or more of these perspectives. Overall, the paper provides a roadmap to help identify insights and specific articles related to SPI as organizational change.Software Process Improvement; Organizational Change; Organizational Metaphors; Images of Organization; Literature Review