Polymer crystallinity and crystallization kinetics via benchtop 1 H NMR relaxometry: Revisited method, data analysis, and experiments on common polymers

Semi-crystalline polymers play an enormously important role in materials science, engineering, and nature. Two-thirds of all synthetic polymers have the ability to crystallize which allows for the extensive use of these materials in a variety of applications as molded parts, films, or fibers. Here, we present a study on the applicability of benchtop 1H NMR relaxometry to obtain information on the bulk crystallinity and crystallization kinetics of the most relevant synthetic semi-crystalline polymers. In the first part, we investigated the temperature-dependent relaxation behavior and identified T=Tg+100 K as the minimum relative temperature difference with respect to Tg for which the mobility contrast between crystalline and amorphous protons is sufficient for an unambiguous determination of polymer crystallinity. The obtained bulk crystallinities from 1 H NMR were compared to results from DSC and XRD, and all three methods showed relatively good agreement for all polymers. In the second part, we focused on the determination of the crystallization kinetics, i.e., monitoring of isothermal crystallization, which required a robust design of the pulse sequence, precise temperature calibration, and careful data analysis. We found the combination of a magic sandwich echo (MSE) with a short acquisition time followed by a CarrPurcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) echo train with short pulse timings to be the most suitable for monitoring crystallization. This study demonstrates the application of benchtop 1H NMR relaxometry to investigate the bulk crystallinity and crystallization kinetics of polymers, which can lead to its optimal use as an in situ technique in research, quality control, and processing labs

Polymer crystallinity and crystallization kinetics via benchtop 1 H NMR relaxometry: Revisited method, data analysis, and experiments on common polymers

Semi-crystalline polymers play an enormously important role in materials science, engineering, and nature. Two-thirds of all synthetic polymers have the ability to crystallize which allows for the extensive use of these materials in a variety of applications as molded parts, films, or fibers. Here, we present a study on the applicability of benchtop 1H NMR relaxometry to obtain information on the bulk crystallinity and crystallization kinetics of the most relevant synthetic semi-crystalline polymers. In the first part, we investigated the temperature-dependent relaxation behavior and identified T=Tg+100 K as the minimum relative temperature difference with respect to Tg for which the mobility contrast between crystalline and amorphous protons is sufficient for an unambiguous determination of polymer crystallinity. The obtained bulk crystallinities from 1 H NMR were compared to results from DSC and XRD, and all three methods showed relatively good agreement for all polymers. In the second part, we focused on the determination of the crystallization kinetics, i.e., monitoring of isothermal crystallization, which required a robust design of the pulse sequence, precise temperature calibration, and careful data analysis. We found the combination of a magic sandwich echo (MSE) with a short acquisition time followed by a CarrPurcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) echo train with short pulse timings to be the most suitable for monitoring crystallization. This study demonstrates the application of benchtop 1H NMR relaxometry to investigate the bulk crystallinity and crystallization kinetics of polymers, which can lead to its optimal use as an in situ technique in research, quality control, and processing labs

How 'dynasty' became a modern global concept : intellectual histories of sovereignty and property

The modern concept of ‘dynasty’ is a politically-motivated modern intellectual invention. For many advocates of a strong sovereign nation-state across the nineteenth and early twentieth century, in France, Germany, and Japan, the concept helped in visualizing the nation-state as a primordial entity sealed by the continuity of birth and blood, indeed by the perpetuity of sovereignty. Hegel’s references to ‘dynasty’, read with Marx’s critique, further show how ‘dynasty’ encoded the intersection of sovereignty and big property, indeed the coming into self-consciousness of their mutual identification-in-difference in the age of capitalism. Imaginaries about ‘dynasty’ also connected national sovereignty with patriarchal authority. European colonialism helped globalize the concept in the non-European world; British India offers an exemplar of ensuing debates. The globalization of the abstraction of ‘dynasty’ was ultimately bound to the globalization of capitalist-colonial infrastructures of production, circulation, violence, and exploitation. Simultaneously, colonized actors, like Indian peasant/‘tribal’ populations, brought to play alternate precolonial Indian-origin concepts of collective regality, expressed through terms like ‘rajavamshi’ and ‘Kshatriya’. These concepts nourished new forms of democracy in modern India. Global intellectual histories can thus expand political thought today by provincializing and deconstructing Eurocentric political vocabularies and by recuperating subaltern models of collective and polyarchic power.PostprintPeer reviewe

Maitrisimit und "Tocharisch"

Donated by Klaus KreiserReprinted from in : Verl. d. Königl. Akad. d. Wiss. / Berlin, 1916

Beschreibung einer von G. Meissner zusammengestellten Batak-Sammlung /

At head of title: Königliche Museen zu Berlin.Includes bibliographical references and index.Mode of access: Internet

Liederkranz : Sammlung von Gesängen und Liedern mit Begleitung des Fortepiano und der Guitarre / Methfessel, Albert. - [Partitur], [Stimme]. - Rudolstadt : Hofbuchhandlung [in Comm.], [ca. 1820] ; H. 1

LIEDERKRANZ : SAMMLUNG VON GESÄNGEN UND LIEDERN MIT BEGLEITUNG DES FORTEPIANO UND DER GUITARRE / METHFESSEL, ALBERT. - [PARTITUR], [STIMME]. - RUDOLSTADT : HOFBUCHHANDLUNG [IN COMM.], [CA. 1820] ; H. 1 Liederkranz : Sammlung von Gesängen und Liedern mit Begleitung des Fortepiano und der Guitarre / Methfessel, Albert. - [Partitur], [Stimme]. - Rudolstadt : Hofbuchhandlung [in Comm.], [ca. 1820] (-) Liederkranz : Sammlung von Gesängen und Liedern mit Begleitung des Fortepiano und der Guitarre / Methfessel, Albert. - [Partitur], [Stimme]. - Rudolstadt : Hofbuchhandlung [in Comm.], [ca. 1820] ; H. 1 (H. 1) (1) Titelseite (1) Widmung (2) 1. Lied (3) 2. Frühlingsreigen (4) 3. Das sprechende Blümchen (6) 4. Der Hirtin Wahl (8) 5. So oder so! (10) 6. Die Blumen (12) 7. Abendreihn (14) 8. Romanze vom zerbrochenen Teufel (16) 9. Postillon's Morgenlied (18) 10. Lust am Reisen (20) 11. Pförtners Bericht (22) 12. Morgengruß am Geburtstage (24) Stimmen (25

Jahresblüthen Von Und Für Knebel

JAHRESBLÜTHEN VON UND FÜR KNEBEL Jahresblüthen Von Und Für Knebel ([1]) Titelseite ([1]) Zueignung an Knebel ([2]) Hanns Knebel. Verbrannt zu Antwerpen 1572, um seines Glaubens willen ([3]) An Selene. In einer Sommernacht ([5]) An Frau von Stein, geborne von Schmidt, zu Weimar, im April 1825 ([7]) Der Hausberg bei Jena ([7]) Elysium. ([8]) An Frau von Ziegesar, geb. von Stein, zum 12. September 1825 ([8]) An Goethe zum 28. August 1825 ([9]) Votiv-Tafel am 30. November ([11]) An Knebel. Antwort auf seine Erwiederung ([11]) An Knebel zum 80sten Geburtstage ([12]) Lebenssprüche von Knebel ([13]) An Knebel zum 30. November 1825 ([16]) An Denselben ([16]) Dem theuern Lebensgenossen von Knebel Goethe zum dreysigsten November 1825 ([17]) Zum 30. November 1825 ([18]) An Knebel zum 30. November ([20]) An Denselben zum 30. November 1825 ([21]

F. W. K. Müllers Uigurica IV /

Herkomst: Collectie Couvreur (L18)Overdruk uit: Sitzungsberichten der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Phil.-Hist. Klasse ; (1931)24, p. [675]-72