Convicts: Perceptions and Feelings about their paternal condition

O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral compreender a relação entre pais presidiários e seus filhos, no ambiente prisional. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma Penitenciária no interior do estado de São Paulo e teve a participação de 7 presidiários, escolhidos aleatoriamente, levando em conta apenas sua condição de pai. A entrevista, com roteiro semi-estruturado, foi um dos instrumentos para a coleta de dados, assim como o diário de campo da pesquisadora. No processo de análise dos dados colhidos, as informações são organizadas em duas partes: a primeira discutiu os resultados obtidos por meio das entrevistas com os pais presidiários e a segunda, trabalhou com os dados coletados durante as observações participantes e dos diários de campo. Os resultados indicaram, de um modo geral, que a prisão gera impactos na relação pai e filho, e que a instituição não está preparada para lidar com essa questão, conhecendo muito pouco dessa realidade.The present study aimed to understand the relationship between convicted fathers and their children inside the prison environment. The theoretical framework of the research is based on three discussion points: the first one deals with the current social and political combination of events and the contradictions that are generated by the current economic conditions, which contribute to massive imprisonment, and the prisons' role in the current society; the second point presents some theoretical considerations about human development under an ecological perspective; finally, the third point concerns the convict's family members in the prison environment. The study was conducted in a Penitentiary in the state of São Paulo and had the participation of seven fathers who were randomly chosen, taking into account only their parenthood condition. The semi-structured interview was one of the data collection instruments, together with the researcher's field diary. In the process of analysis of the collected data, the information is organized in two parts: the first one discussed the results obtained from the interviews with the convicted fathers, and the second one dealt with the data collected during the participant observations and through the field diaries. The results showed, in a general way, that the prison generates impacts on the relationship between fathers and their children, as well as on the family relationship. They also show that such an institution is not ready to deal with this question, and that very little is known about this reality

Biologically-active compounds from Brazilian lichens and their affinity with ether

It can be obtained from lichens biologically-active extracts and pure substances, many of them of phenolic nature. They are usually obtained by using organic solvents, such as diethyl ether. In this paper the usefulness of ether for the obtainment of crude extracts and the subsequent purification of pure substances from Brazilian lichen is reviewed, as well as alternatives to their production through cells or thallus immobilization in bioreactors and their entrapment in inert matrix

O objetivo da Aula Passeio no processo educativo

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Single-nucleotide polymorphism, linkage disequilibrium and geographic structure in the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax: prospects for genome-wide association studies

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The ideal malaria parasite populations for initial mapping of genomic regions contributing to phenotypes such as drug resistance and virulence, through genome-wide association studies, are those with high genetic diversity, allowing for numerous informative markers, and rare meiotic recombination, allowing for strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) between markers and phenotype-determining loci. However, levels of genetic diversity and LD in field populations of the major human malaria parasite <it>P. vivax </it>remain little characterized.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We examined single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and LD patterns across a 100-kb chromosome segment of <it>P. vivax </it>in 238 field isolates from areas of low to moderate malaria endemicity in South America and Asia, where LD tends to be more extensive than in holoendemic populations, and in two monkey-adapted strains (Salvador-I, from El Salvador, and Belem, from Brazil). We found varying levels of SNP diversity and LD across populations, with the highest diversity and strongest LD in the area of lowest malaria transmission. We found several clusters of contiguous markers with rare meiotic recombination and characterized a relatively conserved haplotype structure among populations, suggesting the existence of recombination hotspots in the genome region analyzed. Both silent and nonsynonymous SNPs revealed substantial between-population differentiation, which accounted for ~40% of the overall genetic diversity observed. Although parasites clustered according to their continental origin, we found evidence for substructure within the Brazilian population of <it>P. vivax</it>. We also explored between-population differentiation patterns revealed by loci putatively affected by natural selection and found marked geographic variation in frequencies of nucleotide substitutions at the <it>pvmdr-1 </it>locus, putatively associated with drug resistance.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These findings support the feasibility of genome-wide association studies in carefully selected populations of <it>P. vivax</it>, using relatively low densities of markers, but underscore the risk of false positives caused by population structure at both local and regional levels.</p> <p>See commentary: <url>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/8/90</url></p

As experiências práticas correlacionando saberes.

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A Interdisciplinaridade na construção de saberes

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Epidemiology of Disappearing Plasmodium vivax Malaria: A Case Study in Rural Amazonia

Background: New frontier settlements across the Amazon Basin pose a major challenge for malaria elimination in Brazil. Here we describe the epidemiology of malaria during the early phases of occupation of farming settlements in Remansinho area, Brazilian Amazonia. We examine the relative contribution of low-density and asymptomatic parasitemias to the overall Plasmodium vivax burden over a period of declining transmission and discuss potential hurdles for malaria elimination in Remansinho and similar settings. Methods: Eight community-wide cross-sectional surveys, involving 584 subjects, were carried out in Remansinho over 3 years and complemented by active and passive surveillance of febrile illnesses between the surveys. We used quantitative PCR to detect low-density asexual parasitemias and gametocytemias missed by conventional microscopy. Mixed-effects multiple logistic regression models were used to characterize independent risk factors for P. vivax infection and disease. Principal Findings/Conclusions P. vivax prevalence decreased from 23.8% (March–April 2010) to 3.0% (April–May 2013), with no P. falciparum infections diagnosed after March–April 2011. Although migrants from malaria-free areas were at increased risk of malaria, their odds of having P. vivax infection and disease decreased by 2–3% with each year of residence in Amazonia. Several findings indicate that low-density and asymptomatic P. vivax parasitemias may complicate residual malaria elimination in Remansinho: (a) the proportion of subpatent infections (i.e. missed by microscopy) increased from 43.8% to 73.1% as P. vivax transmission declined; (b) most (56.6%) P. vivax infections were asymptomatic and 32.8% of them were both subpatent and asymptomatic; (c) asymptomatic parasite carriers accounted for 54.4% of the total P. vivax biomass in the host population; (d) over 90% subpatent and asymptomatic P. vivax had PCR-detectable gametocytemias; and (e) few (17.0%) asymptomatic and subpatent P. vivax infections that were left untreated progressed to clinical disease over 6 weeks of follow-up and became detectable by routine malaria surveillance

A importância da Feira de Ciências na formação do aluno

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