Insecticide susceptibility of Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegypti from Brazil and the Swiss-Italian border region

Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are two highly invasive mosquito species, both vectors of several viruses, including dengue, chikungunya and Zika. While Ae. aegypti is the primary vector in the tropics and sub-tropics, Ae. albopictus is increasingly under the public health watch as it has been implicated in arbovirus-transmission in more temperate regions, including continental Europe. Vector control using insecticides is the pillar of most control programmes; hence development of insecticide resistance is of great concern. As part of a Brazilian-Swiss Joint Research Programme we set out to assess whether there are any signs of existing or incipient insecticide resistance primarily against the larvicide Bacillus thuringiensis svar. israelensis (Bti), but also against currently applied and potentially alternative insecticides in our areas, Recife (Brazil) and the Swiss-Italian border region.; Following World Health Organization guidelines, dose-response curves for a range of insecticides were established for both colonized and field caught Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. The larvicides included Bti, two of its toxins, Cry11Aa and Cry4Ba, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Vectomax CG®, a formulated combination of Bti and L. sphaericus, and diflubenzuron. In addition to the larvicides, the Swiss-Italian Ae. albopictus populations were also tested against five adulticides (bendiocarb, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, malathion, permethrin and λ-cyhalothrin).; Showing a similar dose-response, all mosquito populations were fully susceptible to the larvicides tested and, in particular, to Bti which is currently used both in Brazil and Switzerland. In addition, there were no signs of incipient resistance against Bti as larvae were equally susceptible to the individual toxins, Cry11Aa and Cry4Ba. The field-caught Swiss-Italian populations were susceptible to the adulticides tested but DDT mortality rates showed signs of reduced susceptibility.; The insecticides currently used for mosquito control in Switzerland and Brazil are still effective against the target populations. The present study provides an important reference as relatively few insecticide susceptibility surveys have been carried out with Ae. albopictus

Proposta multidisciplinar e intersetorial de atenção aos adolescentes da área de abrangência de um centro de saúde de Belo Horizonte - MG

Diante dos riscos sociais como gravidez, uso de drogas, mortalidade por causas violentas, exposição às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e a percepção da necessidade de intervir sobre estes problemas, o trabalho trata de uma proposta de intervenção multidisciplinar e intersetorial para adolescentes da área de abrangência do Centro de Saúde São Paulo, Belo Horizonte-MG, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica para compreensão deste período da vida, e das possibilidades de ações de promoção da saúde para os adolescentes. Foram considerados os pontos relacionados à auto-estima, protagonismo juvenil, apoio aos pais e a participação da comunidade nas ações propostas

From modernity to postmodernity: reflexions about genetic interventions and eugenic practise according to brazilian law

Submitted by Michele Fernanda ([email protected]) on 2012-08-22T02:22:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Da modernidade à pós-modernidade- reflexões sobre intervenções genéticas e práticas eugênicas à luz do direito brasileiro.pdf: 86447 bytes, checksum: 6ceb2ee7f18ff400b11d305a74d2b4dc (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by gabriela rosa([email protected]) on 2012-08-29T22:22:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Da modernidade à pós-modernidade- reflexões sobre intervenções genéticas e práticas eugênicas à luz do direito brasileiro.pdf: 86447 bytes, checksum: 6ceb2ee7f18ff400b11d305a74d2b4dc (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-29T22:22:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Da modernidade à pós-modernidade- reflexões sobre intervenções genéticas e práticas eugênicas à luz do direito brasileiro.pdf: 86447 bytes, checksum: 6ceb2ee7f18ff400b11d305a74d2b4dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009Há dificuldades em considerar que a humanidade vive na era moderna ou pós-moderna, pois os traços característicos da modernidade, bem como da pós-modernidade, sobrepõem-se em nossa sociedade. As transformações na forma de viver levaram a que o comportamento humano sofresse profundas alterações, impulsionadas pelo desenvolvimento industrial e pela evolução da tecnologia, que passaram a incentivar o consumo. As relações de consumo acentuaram-se a partir da Revolução Industrial e do sistema econômico capitalista vigente. O desvendamento da sequência do DNA trouxe grandes perspectivas para a espécie humana, pois possibilitou a correção de genes defeituosos antes mesmo do nascimento de uma criança. Além disso, a possibilidade de manipulação dos genes humanos conduz a população a um novo tipo de prática, qual seja, a programação dos próprios filhos. Ocorre que essa situação traz preocupações éticas e jurídicas na medida em que poderá haver escolha por parte dos pais de diversas características que se refiram à personalidade, habilidades artísticas e atléticas, entre outras. Diante disso, surge a necessidade da criação de instrumentos jurídicos que regulem tais situações com o objetivo de garantir o respeito à dignidade humana inerente ao ser humano em potencial, coibindo práticas meramente eugênicas, desprovidas de objetivos terapêuticos.There have been difficulties trying to classify humanity in living in the modern time or post-modern time, because the traits related to the modernity, as well as the ones related to the post-modernity are overlapped in our society. The transformation in the way people use to live made the human behavior suffer deep changes boosted by industrial development and technological evolution that started to encourage consumption. The consumption relationships became stronger with the Industrial Revolution and with the current capitalist economical system. The DNA sequencing brought great perspective to human beings, because it made possible for defective genes to be corrected even before a childbirth. Besides that,the possibility of manipulating genes leads the population to a new practice, like the programming of their own children. What occurs is that this situation brings ethical and juridic worries considering that parents could choose lots of traits related to personality, artistic and athletic abilities among others. Therefore, there is the need to createe juridical instruments that command those situations having as main goal the respect for the human dignity inherent to the humanbeingng, restraining merely eugenipracticeses , destituted otherapeutical objectives

Da modernidade à pós-modernidade: reflexões sobre intervenções genéticas e práticas eugênicas à luz do direito brasileiro

Há dificuldades em considerar que a humanidade vive na era moderna ou pós-moderna, pois os traços característicos da modernidade, bem como da pós-modernidade, sobrepõem-se em nossa sociedade. As transformações na forma de viver levaram a que o comportamento humano sofresse profundas alterações, impulsionadas pelo desenvolvimento industrial e pela evolução da tecnologia, que passaram a incentivar o consumo. As relações de consumo acentuaram-se a partir da Revolução Industrial e do sistema econômico capitalista vigente. O desvendamento da sequência do DNA trouxe grandes perspectivas para a espécie humana, pois possibilitou a correção de genes defeituosos antes mesmo do nascimento de uma criança. Além disso, a possibilidade de manipulação dos genes humanos conduz a população a um novo tipo de prática, qual seja, a programação dos próprios filhos. Ocorre que essa situação traz preocupações éticas e jurídicas na medida em que poderá haver escolha por parte dos pais de diversas características que se refiram à personalidade, habilidades artísticas e atléticas, entre outras. Diante disso, surge a necessidade da criação de instrumentos jurídicos que regulem tais situações com o objetivo de garantir o respeito à dignidade humana inerente ao ser humano em potencial, coibindo práticas meramente eugênicas, desprovidas de objetivos terapêuticos.There have been difficulties trying to classify humanity in living in the modern time or post-modern time, because the traits related to the modernity, as well as the ones related to the post-modernity are overlapped in our society. The transformation in the way people use to live made the human behavior suffer deep changes boosted by industrial development and technological evolution that started to encourage consumption. The consumption relationships became stronger with the Industrial Revolution and with the current capitalist economical system. The DNA sequencing brought great perspective to human beings, because it made possible for defective genes to be corrected even before a childbirth. Besides that,the possibility of manipulating genes leads the population to a new practice, like the programming of their own children. What occurs is that this situation brings ethical and juridic worries considering that parents could choose lots of traits related to personality, artistic and athletic abilities among others. Therefore, there is the need to createe juridical instruments that command those situations having as main goal the respect for the human dignity inherent to the humanbeingng, restraining merely eugenipracticeses , destituted otherapeutical objectives

AMIGOS DO BAIRRO CONTRA DENGUE: A EXPERIÊNCIA DO DISTRITO SANITÁRIO III DA SECRETARIA DE SAÚDE DO RECIFE NA IMPLANTAÇÃO DE UM PROJETO DE PARTICIPAÇÃO POPULAR EM SAÚDE

O artigo objetiva relatar a experiência do Projeto Amigos do Bairro contra Dengue, que consistiu na busca pelo envolvimento da população nas atividades de controle do Aedes aegypti. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, desenvolvido a partir de resgate histórico e documental. Participaram 363 moradores, capacitados para desenvolver ações tipo mutirões e gincanas. Em Encontro, os moradores expuseram o processo de mobilização sustentável, que pode se caracterizar como nova forma de participação popular no controle de endemias. Concluiu-se que pouco se tem avançado com relação à participação da comunidade no controle de endemias e que este projeto inovou pela estratégia de envolvimento da população

Does Zika virus infection affect mosquito response to repellents?

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that people travelling to or living in areas with Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks or epidemics adopt prophylactic measures to reduce or eliminate mosquito bites, including the use of insect repellents. It is, however, unknown whether repellents are effective against ZIKV-infected mosquitoes, in part because of the ethical concerns related to exposing a human subject's arm to infected mosquitoes in the standard arm-in-cage assay. We used a previously developed, human subject-free behavioural assay, which mimics a human subject to evaluate the top two recommended insect repellents. Our measurements showed that DEET provided significantly higher protection than picaridin provided against noninfected, host-seeking females of the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, and the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. When tested at lower doses, we observed a significant reduction in DEET-elicited protection against ZIKV-infected yellow fever mosquitoes from old and recent laboratory colonies. The reduction in protection is more likely associated with aging than the virus infection and could be compensated by applying a 5x higher dose of DEET. A substantial protection against ZIKV-infected and old noninfected mosquitoes was achieved with 5% DEET, which corresponds approximately to a 30% dose in the conventional arm-in-cage assays

Exposure to Zika and chikungunya viruses impacts aspects of the vectorial capacity of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus.

Zika (ZIKV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) are arboviruses that cause infections in humans and can cause clinical complications, representing a worldwide public health problem. Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of these pathogens and Culex quinquefasciatus may be a potential ZIKV vector. This study aimed to evaluate fecundity, fertility, survival, longevity, and blood feeding activity in Ae. aegypti after exposure to ZIKV and CHIKV and, in Cx. quinquefasciatus exposed to ZIKV. Three colonies were evaluated: AeCamp (Ae. aegypti-field), RecL (Ae. aegypti-laboratory) and CqSLab (Cx. quinquefasciatus-laboratory). Seven to 10 days-old females from these colonies were exposed to artificial blood feeding with CHIKV or ZIKV. CHIKV caused reduction in fecundity and fertility in AeCamp and reduction in survival and fertility in RecL. ZIKV impacted survival in RecL, fertility in AeCamp and, fecundity and fertility in CqSLab. Both viruses had no effect on blood feeding activity. These results show that CHIKV produces a higher biological cost in Ae. aegypti, compared to ZIKV, and ZIKV differently alters the biological performance in colonies of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus. These results provide a better understanding over the processes of virus-vector interaction and can shed light on the complexity of arbovirus transmission

Does Zika virus infection affect mosquito response to repellents?

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that people travelling to or living in areas with Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks or epidemics adopt prophylactic measures to reduce or eliminate mosquito bites, including the use of insect repellents. It is, however, unknown whether repellents are effective against ZIKV-infected mosquitoes, in part because of the ethical concerns related to exposing a human subject's arm to infected mosquitoes in the standard arm-in-cage assay. We used a previously developed, human subject-free behavioural assay, which mimics a human subject to evaluate the top two recommended insect repellents. Our measurements showed that DEET provided significantly higher protection than picaridin provided against noninfected, host-seeking females of the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, and the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. When tested at lower doses, we observed a significant reduction in DEET-elicited protection against ZIKV-infected yellow fever mosquitoes from old and recent laboratory colonies. The reduction in protection is more likely associated with aging than the virus infection and could be compensated by applying a 5x higher dose of DEET. A substantial protection against ZIKV-infected and old noninfected mosquitoes was achieved with 5% DEET, which corresponds approximately to a 30% dose in the conventional arm-in-cage assays

The human dimension of the conflict between fishermen and South American sea lions in southern Brazil

We analysed the fishermen’s perceptions on the South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens) and its interactions with the local fishery close to the Wildlife Refuge of Ilha dos Lobos, a marine protected area in southern Brazil. Sea lions prey upon the same resources targeted by the fishermen. They repeatedly hunt on the nets and consequently damage them. In response, fishermen persecute sea lions. However, in conflicts with high-profile animals, the perceived damage often exceeds the actual evidence. Results from 100 interviews revealed that fishermen’s perception of damage and their attitudes were affected by age, hierarchical position in the crew, if fishing was the only source of income, and level of formal education. Greater perception of damage and more negative attitude were found among older, less educated sailor fishermen who had no other source of income besides fishing. The average fisherman had a relatively good knowledge about sea lions, but also a negative attitude towards them. We recommend actions addressing these negative attitudes through environmental education, with emphasis on adjusting exaggerated perceptions of impact and the potential of the species for wildlife tourism, as a vital step towards the conciliation of sustainable fisheries and O. flavescens conservation in the Brazilian coast.Fil: Pont, Ana Carolina. Universidade Do Vale Do Rio Dos Sinos; BrasilFil: Marchini, Silvio. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Engel, Mônica Tais. Universidade Do Vale Do Rio Dos Sinos; Brasil. Memorial University Of Newfoundland; CanadáFil: Machado, Rodrigo. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil. Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Aquáticos do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Ott, Paulo Enrique. Universidade Estadual Do Rio Grande Do Sul; Brasil. Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Aquáticos do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Crespo, Enrique Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia; ArgentinaFil: Coscarella, Mariano Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia; ArgentinaFil: Schmidt Dalzochio, Marina. Universidade Feevale; BrasilFil: Rosa de Oliveira, Larissa. Universidade Do Vale Do Rio Dos Sinos; Brasil. Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Aquáticos do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasi