Syndrome of immunodeficiency acquired in children and adolescents: dental conduct

A Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (SIDA/AIDS) foi relatada inicialmente em 1981 nos Estados Unidos. Esta doença ataca o sistema imunológico do paciente deixando-o vulnerável às infecções oportunistas e neoplasias malignas. O cirurgião-dentista tem um papel muito importante no curso desta doença, visto que algumas lesões bucais aparecem na fase inicial, e o profissional pode fazer um diagnóstico precoce tornando o tratamento mais benéfico. É preciso fazer a avaliação do bem-estar do paciente, avaliações clínicas e laboratoriais, principalmente em crianças e adolescentes. Dentre as diversas doenças que acometem o paciente com a SIDA/AIDS, podem-se citar a fúngica, a bacteriana ou a viral sendo a candidíase oral, herpes simples e xerostomia as principais manifestações clínicas. Existem três vias diferentes de transmissão pelo vírus HIV: a Peri natal, a Transplacentária e a Pós-natal, e os exames mais utilizados para o diagnóstico da doença são o ELISA e o WESTERN BLOT. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo é apresentar maiores conhecimento sobre o assunto, vias de transmissão, principais manifestações bucais em crianças e adolescentes com AIDS e a importância do cirurgião dentista.Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS/AIDS) was first reported in 1981 in the United States. This disease attacks malignant neuropathies. The purpose of teaching is more important about the transmission routes, the main oral manifestation in children and adolescents with AIDS and the importance of the dental surgeon. To do so, a summary of data on HIV/AIDS and dentistry, indexed in MEDLINE, Pubmed, Google, SciELO and LILACS, will be used from 2000 to 2018. The sample consisted of 150 abstracts and analyzes to the subject. At the end of the selection, 50 papers were selected to carry out this literature review. The dental surgeon has a very important role in the course of this disease, since some oral lesions appear in the initial phase, and the professional makes an early diagnosis making the treatment more beneficial. An assessment of patient well-being, clinical and laboratory evaluations, especially in children and adolescents, is required. Among the several diseases that affect the patient with AIDS, we can mention a fever, a bacterial or a viral one being oral candidiasis, herpes simplex and xerostomia as the main clinical manifestations. HIV: the natal, transplacental, and postnatal Peri, and the most commonly used diagnostic tests are the ELISA and the Western Blot

MORFO-ANATOMIA COMPARATIVA DO SISTEMA REPRODUTIVO DE Urospatha SCHOTT (ARACEAE) OCORRENTE NO ESTADO DO AMAPÁ, BRASIL

The genus Urospatha Schott, an aquatic and perennial herb occurring in “várzea” and “igapó” areas. Describe the inflorescence morpho-anatomy of the species found in the state of Amapá, to identify the present types of secretory structures and to verify the chemical nature of the secretion. Adult and fertile Urospatha specimens were collected in the Bailique Archipelago; in the municipalities of Calçoene; Mazagão; Porto Grande and Macapá. There were performed morpho-anatomical studies, using scanning electron microscopy techniques and also histochemical tests. Urospatha species present terminal inflorescence with flowering throughout the whole year; the spadix has hermaphrodite, tetramerous flowers. The tepals have uniseriate and heterodimensional epidermis, with thick-walled cells with thin and striated cuticle, secretory papillae and stomata. The androecium in adaxial and abaxial regions and right below epidermis occurs in parenchymal cells, and in lower regions occurs the presence of idioblasts carriers of raphides and druses that are more typical in the region close to the anthers. The ovary has/ an uniseriate epidermis with two or three anatropous ovules. The stigma has simple epidermis, papillose and parenchyma with raphides idioblasts. In the adaxial region of the spathe occurs uniseriate epidermis with heterodimensional cells with lignified walls and thin cuticle, and uniseriate hypodermis. The peduncle presents an uniseriate epidermis with lignified walls, thin cuticle, lenticels, stomata, and collenchyma just below the epidermis, with collateral vascular bundless and aerenchyma. The results of this work, especially the morphological and anatomical data, cannot differentiate Urospatha species found in the state of Amapá, because they present the same morpho-anatomical pattern for their floral structure.Keywords: Araceae, anatomy, inflorescence, morphology, Urospatha.O gênero Urospatha Schott é uma erva aquática e perene que ocorre nas áreas de várzea e igapó. O trabalho descreve a morfoanatomia da inflorescência das espécies encontradas no estado do Amapá, identifica os tipos atuais de estruturas secretoras e verifica a natureza química da secreção. Amostras de Urospatha adultas e férteis foram coletadas no arquipélago do Bailique; nos municípios de Calçoene; Mazagão; Porto Grande e Macapá. Foram realizados estudos morfoanatômicos, utilizando técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e também testes histoquímicos. As espécies de Urospatha apresentam inflorescência terminal com floração durante todo o ano; a espadice tem flores hermafroditas e tetrâmeras. Os tépals têm epiderme unisseriada e heterodimensional, com células de paredes espessas, com cutícula fina e estriada, papilas secretórias e estômatos. O androceu nas regiões adaxial e abaxial e logo abaixo da epiderme ocorre nas células parenquimatosas, e nas regiões inferiores ocorre a presença de idiosblastos portadores de ráfides e drusas mais típicos da região próxima às anteras. O ovário tem uma epiderme unisseriada com dois ou três óvulos anátropos. O estigma tem epiderme simples, papilose e parênquima com ráfides idiosblastos. Na região adaxial da espata ocorre epiderme unisseriada com células heterodimensionais, com paredes lignificadas e cutícula fina e hipoderme unisseriada. O pedúnculo apresenta uma epiderme unisseriada com paredes lignificadas, cutícula fina, lenticelas, estômatos e colênquima logo abaixo da epiderme, com bundless vascular colateral e aerênquima. Os resultados deste trabalho, principalmente os dados morfológicos e anatômicos, não conseguem diferenciar as espécies de Urospatha encontradas no estado do Amapá, pois apresentam o mesmo padrão morfo-anatômico para sua estrutura floral.Palavras-chave: Araceae, anatomia, inflorescência, morfologia, Urospatha

Impact of untreated dental caries on oral health-related quality of life of children with special health care needs

Abstract: The oral health status of children with special health care needs (SHCN) can affect their quality of life wich domains of the Brazilian version of the Early Childohood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS). A cross-sectional study was conducted in children with SHCN (aged 1 to 9 years), who underwent an oral examination for the assessment of dental caries severity. Parents/caregivers answered two questionnaires, one on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) - B-ECOHIS, and one on socioeconomic characteristics. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Poisson regression, Point-biserial correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's alpha. A total of 128 children participated in the study and OHRQoL was affected in 68.75% of them. The function domain in the Child Impact Section (CIS) had a higher mean value. Caries severity was associated with worse quality of life (p=0.001). Severe dental caries was associated with a negative impact on the OHRQoL of disabled children and of their families. The impact of untreated dental caries and severity of dental caries was associated with the CIS domains (except for the self-image/social interaction domain)

Individuals with special needs and their families’ oral health-related quality of life

Abstract To evaluate the impact of dental caries among Brazilian individuals with special health care needs (SHCN) on their families’ oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). A cross-sectional study was carried out with a population-based sample of 227 subjects who were enrolled from the ACOLHER-PNE project conducted at the Fluminense Federal University. Parents/caregivers answered the Brazilian version of the 14-item Family Impact Scale (B-FIS) to assess the impact on family's quality of life (QoL). The main independent variable was dental caries experience, diagnosed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The DMFT/dmft score was categorized into 0 = caries free; 1–2 = low; 3-4 = moderate; and ≥ 5 = high experience. Mother's schooling, age, sex, SHCN conditions, and socioeconomic factors were the other independent variables. QoL was measured through FIS domains and total score. Statistical analyses was performed using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests and Poisson regression (p 8 years old) experience a higher impact level compared to younger subjects (PR: 2.43; 95%CI: 1.80–3.29, p = 0.001). High caries experience and other socioeconomic factors were not associated with a greater negative impact on parents’ QoL

Influence of biofilm formation on the mechanical properties of enamel after treatment with CPP-ACP crème

Abstract: The study aimed to investigate the effects of bacterial biofilms on changes in the surface microhardness of enamel treated with casein phosphopeptide—amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) with and without fluoride. Human enamel blocks with incipient caries-like lesions were divided into four groups of 13: G1: Saliva (Control); G2: fluoride dentifrice (Crest™, 1100 ppm as NaF); G3: CPP-ACP (MI Paste; Recaldent™); and G4: CPP-ACPF (MI Paste Plus; Recaldent™ 900 ppm as NaF). The specimens were soaked in demineralizing solution for 6 h and remineralized in artificial saliva for 18 h alternately for 10 days. The dentifrice was prepared with deionized water in a 1 : 3 ratio (w/w) or applied undiluted in the case of the CPP-ACP group. The surface microhardness (SMH) was evaluated at baseline, after artificial caries, after pH cycling and treatment with dentifrices, and after incubation in media with Streptococcus mutans for biofilm formation. The biofilms were exposed once a day to 2% sucrose and the biofilm viability was measured by MTT reduction. The percentage of change in surface microhardness (%SMHC) was calculated for each block. The data were analyzed by nonparametric test comparisons (α = 0.05). The %SMHC values observed in G2 were different from those of G1, G3, and G4 (p < 0.05). After biofilm formation, %SMHC was positive in G2 and G4 when compared to G1 and G3, but resistance to demineralization after biofilm formation was similar in all groups. In conclusion, the presence of biofilms did not influence the treatment outcomes of anticaries products

Individuals with special needs and their families’ oral health-related quality of life

<div><p>Abstract To evaluate the impact of dental caries among Brazilian individuals with special health care needs (SHCN) on their families’ oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). A cross-sectional study was carried out with a population-based sample of 227 subjects who were enrolled from the ACOLHER-PNE project conducted at the Fluminense Federal University. Parents/caregivers answered the Brazilian version of the 14-item Family Impact Scale (B-FIS) to assess the impact on family's quality of life (QoL). The main independent variable was dental caries experience, diagnosed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The DMFT/dmft score was categorized into 0 = caries free; 1–2 = low; 3-4 = moderate; and ≥ 5 = high experience. Mother's schooling, age, sex, SHCN conditions, and socioeconomic factors were the other independent variables. QoL was measured through FIS domains and total score. Statistical analyses was performed using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests and Poisson regression (p<0.05). The impact values observed in moderate and high caries experience were significantly higher than those found in subjects without caries and low level of parental emotions. Parents’ years of schooling showed more impact on total score and on parental emotions. Older subjects showed significantly higher impact on total score and in all domains. The multivariate model demonstrated that families of older subjects (> 8 years old) experience a higher impact level compared to younger subjects (PR: 2.43; 95%CI: 1.80–3.29, p = 0.001). High caries experience and other socioeconomic factors were not associated with a greater negative impact on parents’ QoL.</p></div

Influence of biofilm formation on the mechanical properties of enamel after treatment with CPP-ACP crème

<div><p>Abstract: The study aimed to investigate the effects of bacterial biofilms on changes in the surface microhardness of enamel treated with casein phosphopeptide—amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) with and without fluoride. Human enamel blocks with incipient caries-like lesions were divided into four groups of 13: G1: Saliva (Control); G2: fluoride dentifrice (Crest™, 1100 ppm as NaF); G3: CPP-ACP (MI Paste; Recaldent™); and G4: CPP-ACPF (MI Paste Plus; Recaldent™ 900 ppm as NaF). The specimens were soaked in demineralizing solution for 6 h and remineralized in artificial saliva for 18 h alternately for 10 days. The dentifrice was prepared with deionized water in a 1 : 3 ratio (w/w) or applied undiluted in the case of the CPP-ACP group. The surface microhardness (SMH) was evaluated at baseline, after artificial caries, after pH cycling and treatment with dentifrices, and after incubation in media with Streptococcus mutans for biofilm formation. The biofilms were exposed once a day to 2% sucrose and the biofilm viability was measured by MTT reduction. The percentage of change in surface microhardness (%SMHC) was calculated for each block. The data were analyzed by nonparametric test comparisons (α = 0.05). The %SMHC values observed in G2 were different from those of G1, G3, and G4 (p < 0.05). After biofilm formation, %SMHC was positive in G2 and G4 when compared to G1 and G3, but resistance to demineralization after biofilm formation was similar in all groups. In conclusion, the presence of biofilms did not influence the treatment outcomes of anticaries products.</p></div