Associações entre variáveis sociodemográficas, comportamentais, fanatismo e agressividade de torcedores de futebol

Soccer fans’ aggressiveness has serious consequences for individuals and society. However, its predictive factors have been poorly investigated. This study aimed to examine variables that predict soccer fans’ aggressiveness. This survey, correlational and cross-sectional research involved 210 participants, which were equivalent in crowd type (105 belonging to organized fan crowds and 105 not belonging to organized fan crowds), sex and age. The measurement instruments were: sociodemographic, occupational and behavioural questionnaires; the Fanaticism Scale for Football Fans; and the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Results showed high aggressiveness in both groups and correlations between aggressiveness and fanaticism, sociodemographic and behavioural variables. Furthermore, the predictors of aggressiveness were fanaticism, age and time affiliated with the organized crowd. Therefore, it is concluded that sociodemographic and behavioural variables and fanaticism are important for understanding this phenomenon.La agresividad de los fanáticos del fútbol tiene graves consecuencias para las personas y la sociedad. Sin embargo, sus factores predictivos han sido poco investigados. Por eso, este estudio buscó examinar variables que predicen la agresividad en fanáticos del fútbol. En los cuestionarios de esta investigación correlacional y transversal participaron 210 fanáticos, siendo equivalentes en tipo de multitud (105 pertenecientes a aficionados organizados y 105 no pertenecientes), sexo y edad. Los instrumentos de medición fueron: cuestionarios sociodemográficos, ocupacionales y de comportamiento, Escala de Fanatismo en Fanáticos del fútbol y Cuestionario de Agresión de Buss y Perry. Los resultados mostraron una alta agresividad en ambos grupos y correlaciones entre agresividad y fanatismo, variables sociodemográficas y de comportamiento. Además, los predictores de agresión fueron: fanatismo, edad y tiempo de afiliación. Se concluye que las variables sociodemográficas, de comportamiento y el fanatismo son importantes para comprender este fenómeno.A agressividade dos torcedores de futebol tem gerado graves consequências aos indivíduos e à sociedade. Entretanto, os fatores preditores têm sido pouco investigados. Este estudo objetivou examinar variáveis preditoras da agressividade desses torcedores. Esta pesquisa de levantamento, correlacional e corte transversal contou com 210 participantes, sendo equivalentes no tipo de torcida (105 pertencentes a torcidas organizadas e 105 não pertencentes), sexo e idade. Os instrumentos de medida foram: Questionários sociodemográfico, ocupacional e comportamental, Escala de Fanatismo em Torcedores de Futebol e Questionário de Agressão de Buss e Perry. Os resultados apontaram alta agressividade em ambos os grupos e correlações entre agressividade e fanatismo, variáveis sociodemográficas e comportamentais. Ademais, os preditores de agressividade foram fanatismo, idade e tempo filiado à torcida organizada. Portanto, conclui-se que as variáveis sociodemográficas e comportamentais e o fanatismo são importantes para o entendimento desse fenômeno

Validation of the short version of the dimensional inventory for child development assessment

Objectives: There is a critical need to monitor the development of children around the world, and in Brazil, this need is substantial since there is a paucity of assessment tools. This study aimed to describe the design and provide evidence of reliability and validity for the short version of the Dimensional Inventory for Child Development Assessment (IDADI-short). Methods: A sample of 1,865 biological mothers of children aged 4---72 months (M = 34.8, SD = 20.20) completed the IDADI to assess Cognitive, socio-emotional, Expressive, and Receptive Language and Communication, Fine and Gross Motor, and Adaptive Behavior development. The psychometric properties of a total of 118 subscales of IDADI were obtained and the IDADI-short age-specific scores were correlated with the original inventory, and criteria variables such as neurodevelopment diagnosis, socioeconomic status, and sex. Results: Item Response Theory analysis, Cronbach’s Alpha, and McDonald’s Omega indicated excellent internal consistency and optimal participant discrimination after minor alterations. IDADI-short scores were strongly associated with the original inventory, with high sensibility and specificity precision for developmental delays. Significant associations with relevant criteria variables were also observed. Conclusion: Findings support the use of IDADI-short as a parental measure of young children’s development

Validation of the short version of the dimensional inventory for child development assessment

Objectives: There is a critical need to monitor the development of children around the world, and in Brazil, this need is substantial since there is a paucity of assessment tools. This study aimed to describe the design and provide evidence of reliability and validity for the short version of the Dimensional Inventory for Child Development Assessment (IDADI-short). Methods: A sample of 1,865 biological mothers of children aged 4---72 months (M = 34.8, SD = 20.20) completed the IDADI to assess Cognitive, socio-emotional, Expressive, and Receptive Language and Communication, Fine and Gross Motor, and Adaptive Behavior development. The psychometric properties of a total of 118 subscales of IDADI were obtained and the IDADI-short age-specific scores were correlated with the original inventory, and criteria variables such as neurodevelopment diagnosis, socioeconomic status, and sex. Results: Item Response Theory analysis, Cronbach’s Alpha, and McDonald’s Omega indicated excellent internal consistency and optimal participant discrimination after minor alterations. IDADI-short scores were strongly associated with the original inventory, with high sensibility and specificity precision for developmental delays. Significant associations with relevant criteria variables were also observed. Conclusion: Findings support the use of IDADI-short as a parental measure of young children’s development

Intelligence and socioeconomic context on childhood: comparisons by place of residence and school type

Los diferentes aspectos del contexto socioeconómico pueden afectar la inteligencia. Este estudio investigó el desempeño intelectual de niños de diferentes regiones de vivienda y tipos de escuela. Se llevó a cabo una comparación de niños de la periferia (n = 169) y de la región central (n = 110) de Porto Alegre con niños de escuelas privadas (n = 49) y públicas (n = 61). Para recopilar los datos se utilizó la Escala de Inteligencia Abreviada de Wechsler (WASI) y la ficha sociodemográfica. Se aplicó el análisis de covarianza (entre grupos) y el análisis de varianza para medidas repetidas (intragrupo). El grupo de la periferia tuvo un desempeño más bajo en todos los puntajes de la WASI y presentó los resultados más bajos en las tareas verbales en la comparación intragrupo, lo que no ocurrió con el grupo de la región central. Los puntajes de los niños de las escuelas públicas y privadas fueron distintos en todos los puntajes de la WASI, pero en la comparación intragrupo tuvieron un rendimiento similar.Diferentes aspectos do contexto socioeconômico podem afetar a inteligência. Este estudo investigou o desempenho intelectual de crianças de diferentes regiões de moradia e tipos de escola. As análises compararam crianças da periferia (n = 169) e da região central (n = 110) de Porto Alegre; e crianças de escola privada (n = 49) e pública (n = 61). A coleta de dados incluiu a Escala Wechsler Abreviada de Inteligência (WASI) e ficha sociodemográfica. Utilizou-se Análise de Covariância (entre grupos) e Análise de Variância para medidas repetidas (intragrupo). O grupo de periferia apresentou menor desempenho em todos os escores da WASI e, na comparação intragrupo, resultados mais baixos nas tarefas verbais – o que não ocorreu no grupo da região central. Crianças de escolas públicas e privadas diferiram em todos os escores da WASI, mas apresentaram desempenho intragrupo semelhante.Different aspects of the socioeconomic context can affect intelligence. This study investigated the intellectual performance of children from different places of residence and school types. The analyses compared children from the outskirts (n = 169) and the central region (n = 110) from Porto Alegre; and children from private (n = 49) and public (n = 61) schools. Data collection included the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) and sociodemographic record. Analysis of covariance (between groups) and Analysis of Variance for repeated measures (within-group) were used. Children from the outskirts region showed poorer performance on all WASI scores and, in the within-group comparison, lower results on verbal tasks – which did not occur in the central region group. Children from public and private schools differed in all WASI scores but had a similar within-group performance

Psychometric evidence of the coping inventory for Brazilian paralympic athletes in competition situations

Los deportistas paralímpicos se enfrentan a diario a situaciones estresantes en competición, y es importante evaluar cómo las afrontan. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Afrontamiento para Atletas Paralímpicos Brasileños en Situación de Competición. El estudio incluyó a 531 atletas paralímpicos brasileños, mayores de 18 años, de ambos os sexos, residentes en diferentes regiones de Brasil. Competían a nivel nacional e internacional y presentaban deficiencias físicas y visuales. Respondieron un cuestionario de datos y el inventario de afrontamiento. Se excluyeron los deportistas con parálisis cerebral. El análisis factorial confirmó la estructura de 12 dimensiones teóricas, siendo seis adaptativas (Autosuficiencia, Búsqueda de apoyo, Resolución de problemas, Búsqueda de información, Acomodación, Negociación) y seis desadaptativas (Delegación, Aislamiento social, Desamparo, Escape, Sumisión y Oposición). La confiabilidad varió entre 0,60 y 0,94. Se concluye que el instrumento es confiable para evaluar estrategias de afrontamiento en atletas paralímpicos brasileños.Atletas paralímpicos lidam diariamente com situações estressantes na competição, sendo importante avaliar como as enfrentam. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do Inventário de Coping para Atletas Paralímpicos Brasileiros em Situação de Competição. Participaram 531 atletas paralímpicos brasileiros, a partir de 18 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, residentes em diferentes regiões do Brasil. Competiam em nível nacional e internacional e apresentavam deficiência física e visual. Foram excluídos atletas com paralisia cerebral. Participantes responderam a um questionário de dados e ao inventário de coping. A análise fatorial confirmou a estrutura de 12 dimensões teóricas, sendo seis adaptativas (Autoconfiança, Busca de Suporte, Resolução de Problemas, Busca de Informações, Acomodação, Negociação) e seis mal-adaptativas (Delegação, Isolamento, Desamparo, Fuga, Submissão e Oposição). Os índices de fidedignidade para as dimensões variaram entre 0,60 e 0,94. Conclui-se que o instrumento é confiável para avaliar as estratégias de coping de atletas paralímpicos brasileiros.Paralympic athletes face stressful situations in sports competitions daily, and assessing how they cope with these situations is important. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Coping Inventory for Brazilian Paralympic Athletes in Competition Situations. This study included 531 Brazilian Paralympic athletes aged 18 years or older, of both sexes, living in different Brazilian regions. They competed nationally or internationally and had physical or visual disabilities. Athletes with cerebral palsy were excluded. The participants answered a data questionnaire and the coping inventory. A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a 12-theoretical dimension structure: six adaptive (Self-Reliance, Support-Seeking, Problem-Solving, Information-Seeking, Accommodation, Negotiation) and six maladaptive dimensions (Delegation, Social Isolation, Helplessness, Escape, Submission, and Opposition). Reliability indexes ranged between 0.60 and 0.94. The conclusion is that the instrument is reliable for assessing coping strategies among Brazilian Paralympic athletes

Percepção dos pacientes sobre o tratamento em serviços de saúde mental: validação da Escala de Mudança Percebida Patient's perception on the treatment in mental Health services: validating the Perception of Change Scale - patient version

Na avaliação de serviços de saúde mental, tem-se destacado as escalas de medida que avaliam os resultados do tratamento relatados pelos próprios pacientes. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi validar a Escala de Mudança Percebida (EMP) pelos pacientes. Trezentos pacientes psiquiátricos, atendidos em serviços de saúde mental, participaram de entrevistas individuais estruturadas, com a escala. A escala possui 19 itens que avaliam mudanças percebidas, com alternativas de resposta em escala do tipo Likert de 3 pontos. Análise pelo método dos Componentes Principais resultou em estrutura de 3 fatores: a) Ocupação e saúde física; b) Aspectos psicológicos e sono; c) Relacionamentos e estabilidade emocional. A escala apresentou boa consistência interna (Alfa de Cronbach= 0,85), estabilidade temporal teste-reteste (r=0,93; p<0,05) e validade convergente com uma escala que avalia o construto teoricamente relacionado de satisfação com o serviço (r=0,37; p<0,05).<br>The evaluation of mental health services has stressed the use of patient-reported outcome scales. Thus, this research aimed at validating the Perception of Change Scale - Patient Version (PCS-P). Three hundred psychiatric patients, attending mental health services, participated in individual structured interviews which use the scale. The scale has 19 items which evaluate perceived changes and response alternatives disposed in a three-point Likert-type scale. Analysis using the Principal Components Method revealed a 3-factor structure: (a) occupation and physical health; (b) psychological aspects and sleeping condition; (c) relationships and emotional stability. The scale had good indices of internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.85), test-retest temporal stability (r = 0.93; p<0.05) and convergent validity with another scale evaluating the related construct of service satisfaction (r = 0.37; p<0.05)

Physical exercise interventions and cognitive functions in the elderly: a systematic review

The objective of this systematic review was to analyze and summarize the characteristics of studies evaluating the effect of physical exercise on cognitive functions in the elderly and present possible variables related to improvement in cognition. The databases consisted of Scielo, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and BVS Regional Portal, between the years 2010 and 2020. Empirical research was included, which had exercise intervention with people aged 60 years and older. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria, of which nine found an improvement effect and four a maintenance effect of physical exercise on cognitive functions. Most studies had moderate methodological quality, indicating the need for greater control of bias in future research. In addition, a dose-response effect was evidenced, indicating that high intensity and frequency of physical exercise may be associated with improvement, as well as an acute effect, in which gains are more pronounced in the first months of intervention, tending to stabilize later. This review suggests that physical exercise may be protective to cognition in the elderly

Psicothema

Resumen tomado de la publicaciónFactores asociados con la salud mental en madres con niños menores de siete años. Antecedentes: esta investigación brasileña investigó la prevalencia de los síntomas de trastornos mentales comunes (TMC) y sus factores asociados en madres de niños menores de siete años. Método: las participantes fueron 1.172 madres que respondieron el instrumento SRQ-20 y un cuestionario sobre datos sociodemográficos y clínicos. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos e inferenciales para identificar las variables con un poder predictivo en los síntomas de TMC. Resultados: las variables con mayor poder predictivo fueron: renta, salud de la madre durante el embarazo, deseabilidad del embarazo y satisfacción con su pareja. Conclusión: existen varios factores personales, relacionales y socioeconómicos que afectan la salud mental de la madre. Las intervenciones tempranas son importantes para reducir los problemas relacionados con la salud mental materna y el desarrollo infantil a fin de proporcionar una mejor calidad de vida a la díada madre-hijo.Universidad de Oviedo. Biblioteca de Psicología; Plaza Feijoo, s/n.; 33003 Oviedo; Tel. +34985104146; Fax +34985104126; [email protected]