280 research outputs found

    Casseneuil – L’enclos Laborde

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    Identifiant de l'opĂ©ration archĂ©ologique : 025039 Date de l'opĂ©ration : 2007 (EX) Suite au projet de construction d’un lotissement sur la commune de Casseneuil, au sud-est de Villeneuve sur Lot, une opĂ©ration de diagnostic archĂ©ologique a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©clenchĂ©e. Le site appartient au bassin versant du Lot, riviĂšre qui coule Ă  moins d’un kilomĂštre au sud-ouest de la zone concernĂ©e par l’opĂ©ration. Il est bordĂ© au sud-est (quelques centaines de mĂštres) par le ruisseau de la LĂšde. D’une superficie d’un ..

    Interseismic coupling, segmentation and mechanical behavior of the Central Chile subduction zone.

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    International audienceGlobal Positioning System (GPS) measurements carried out in Chile over the last two decades showed that an entire portion of the Nazca-South America subduction zone (38°S ␣ 24°S) was locked over this period of time. The induced accumulation of elastic deformation in the upper-plate was not released until the recent Maule earthquake of 27 February 2010 (Mw 8.8) that ruptured the southern part of this section. Locking or coupling between the two plates varies both with depth and along strike. Here we use our own GPS data (an updated solution of our extended network in central Chile), combined with other published data sets, to quantify the spatial variations of the coupling that prevailed before the Maule earthquake. Using a simple elastic model based on the back-slip assumption, we show that coupling variations on the subduction plane are sufficient to explain the observed surface deformation, with no need of a sliver in central Chile. We identify four segments characterized by higher coupling and separated by narrow areas of lower coupling. This segmentation is in good agreement with historical and recent seismicity in Chile. In particular the narrow zones of lower coupling seem to have stopped most large seismic ruptures, including Maule's. These zones are often associated with irregular bathymetric or coastal features (fracture zones or peninsulas). Finally, coseismic and early post-seismic slip distribution of the Maule earthquake, occurring either in previously highly or weakly coupled zones, map a complex distribution of velocity-weakening and velocity-strengthening patches on the subduction interface

    Casseneuil – L’enclos Laborde

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    Identifiant de l'opĂ©ration archĂ©ologique : 025039 Date de l'opĂ©ration : 2007 (EX) Suite au projet de construction d’un lotissement sur la commune de Casseneuil, au sud-est de Villeneuve sur Lot, une opĂ©ration de diagnostic archĂ©ologique a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©clenchĂ©e. Le site appartient au bassin versant du Lot, riviĂšre qui coule Ă  moins d’un kilomĂštre au sud-ouest de la zone concernĂ©e par l’opĂ©ration. Il est bordĂ© au sud-est (quelques centaines de mĂštres) par le ruisseau de la LĂšde. D’une superficie d’un ..

    Les secrets d’un recueil mĂ©dico-astrologique du fonds de la reine Christine de SuĂšde

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    Le ms. CittĂ  del Vaticano, B.A.V., Reg. lat. 1334 offre un exemple de la rĂ©partition des savoirs scientifiques et des pratiques magiques en langue française Ă  la fin du Moyen Âge. La description du recueil et l’identification des textes, au cƓur de cette Ă©tude, permettent d’envisager la cohĂ©rence d’un codex rĂ©unissant des traitĂ©s trĂšs divers (mĂ©dicaux, alchimiques, astrologiques et prophĂ©tiques), mais organisĂ© autour d’une thĂ©matique centrale, celle du secret.The Vatican B.A.V. Reg. lat. 1334 manuscript gives an example of the classification of scientific knowledge and magical practices in French in the Late Middle Ages. This paper considers the coherence of this particular codex by describing the miscellany and identifying the texts it contains. Indeed, even if the manuscript brings very diversified treatises together (medicine, alchemy, astrology, prophecy), it is organised around a central topic, the secret

    Musical sound information : musical gestures and embedding synthesis

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    Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Media Arts & Sciences, 1997.Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-145).by Eric MĂ©tois.Ph.D

    Quantification du couplage au long de la subduction Chilienne

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    The chilean part of the subduction zone between the Nazca and South American plates is an ideal laboratory to understand the seismic and aseismic processes that take place on such a plate boundary. For instance, measuring the elastic deformation of the upper plate during the interseismic loading phase using GPS can help assessing the degree of locking between both plates. We calculate the kinematic coupling coefficient using a simple elastic modeling in which a backslip motion is applied on a buried dislocation in a semi-infinite elastic half-space. During this PhD, my aim was to obtain the coupling distribution along the entire chilean trench (18 ◩ S-38 ◩ S) and to compare it to seismotectonic segmentation of the megathrust. Therefore I collected all the previously published interseismic velocities and combined them into a single coherent data set. New data were also collected and processed since 2009 on new or renovated campaign networks. We obtain a new data set that covers almost all the subduction zone on more than ahundred benchmarks. Those data were used to map precisely the coupling distribution on the interface. Coupling strongly varies both along strike and along dip and draws a segmentation of the megathrust. The highly coupled segments correlate well with the rupture zones of historical megathrustearthquakes and intersegments, that are low coupled areas, correlate with zones that behave as barriers to the seismic propagation. Furthermore, intersegments often correlate with anomalies in the coastline (bays, peninsulas), subducting bathymetric features (ridges, fracture zones) and with a high-rate of moderate-magnitude subduction earthquakes. The Maule earthquake that occurred on February 27, 2010 ruptured a highly locked segment and stopped in low coupled intersegment areas. This earthquake gave us new insights on the relationship between apparent coupling coefficient and mechanical behavior of the subduction interface. Therefore, coupling maps should help estimating the seismic hazard along the Chilean subduction zone. In particular, we show here that the North Chile seismic gap is not formed of one single highly coupled segment and that it is cut in two by a large intersegment zone where coupling is low around Iquique. Finally, Loa, Paranal and Atacama highly coupled segments are identified as zones that may rupture alone with a Mw>8 subduction earthquake, or with a megathrust earthquake in case of collective rupture, and where the seismic hazard is high.La zone de subduction entre les plaques Nazca et AmĂ©rique du Sud constitue, aux latitudesdu Chili, un laboratoire naturel d’exception pour Ă©tudier les processus qui permettent d’accommoder la convergence sur l’interface de subduction. En particulier, la mesure par GPS de la dĂ©formation de la plaque supĂ©rieure pendant la phase intersismique sur la subduction permet de quantifier l’intensitĂ© du blocage sur l’interface via le coefficient de couplage cinĂ©matique. Ce dernier peut ĂȘtre dĂ©terminĂ© en utilisant un modĂšle de dislocation simple dans un milieu homogĂšne Ă©lastique sur laquelle on applique la thĂ©orie du backslip. Cette thĂšse a pour objectif de dĂ©terminer la valeur de ce couplage intersismique au long de la subduction chilienne (18 ◩ S-38 ◩ S) et d’analyser ces variations en relation avec la segmentation sismotectonique et la sismicitĂ© historique. Pour cela, les vitesses intersismiques collectĂ©es au cours de ces 20 derniĂšres annĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© combinĂ©es dans un mĂȘme rĂ©fĂ©rentiel et de nouvelles donnĂ©es GPS ont Ă©tĂ© acquises sur des rĂ©seaux installĂ©s ou rĂ©novĂ©s par les Ă©quipes franco-chiliennes depuis 2009. Cet effort instrumental associĂ© au travail de traitement des donnĂ©es que j’ai rĂ©alisĂ© conduit Ă  un jeu de vitesses intersismiques sur plusieurs centaines de points et quasi continu sur la marge chilienne. Ces donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es pour Ă©laborer une cartographie prĂ©cise du couplage au long de la subduction chilienne. La distribution de couplage qui est prĂ©sentĂ©e dans ce manuscrit montre d’importantes variations latĂ©rales et en profondeur de la valeur du couplage et dessine ainsi une segmentation de la marge. Les segments fortement couplĂ©s semblent corrĂ©lĂ©s aux grandes ruptures historiques, tandis que les intersegments dĂ©couplĂ©s semblent se comporter comme des barriĂšres Ă  leur propagation. Les zones d’intersegments correspondent Ă  des zones atypiques de la subduction, souvent associĂ©es Ă  des anomalies du trait de cĂŽte (baies, pĂ©ninsules), Ă  l’entrĂ©e en subduction de structures bathymĂ©triques (rides, fractures) et Ă  une sismicitĂ© de fond importante. Le sĂ©isme de Maule du 27 fĂ©vrier 2010 (Mw 8.8) qui a rompu un segment fortement couplĂ© et qui s’est arrĂȘtĂ© dans des zones de faible couplage a permis de proposer un lien entre le couplage apparent et le comportement mĂ©canique de l’interface.Sur la base de cette analyse, il semble possible d’utiliser les cartes de couplage intersismique pour mieux estimer l’alĂ©a sismique au Chili. Dans ce travail, nous apportons notamment un Ă©clairage nouveau sur la lacune du Grand Nord Chili en montrant que le segment couplĂ© du Loaest nettement plus restreint que la lacune en elle-mĂȘme et qu’un large intersegment dĂ©couplĂ© s’y dĂ©veloppe autour d’Iquique. Une attention particuliĂšre est donc portĂ©e aux rĂ©gions de l’Atacama, du Paranal et du Loa qui correspondent Ă  des zones trĂšs fortement couplĂ©es, chacune susceptibles de produire un grand sĂ©isme de subduction potentiellement associĂ© Ă  un tsunami, et un sĂ©isme gĂ©ant en cas de rupture collective

    Strain effects at solid surfaces near the melting point

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    We investigate the effects of strain on a crystal surface close to the bulk melting temperature T_m, where surface melting usually sets in. Strain lowers the bulk melting point, so that at a fixed temperature below but close to T_m the thickness of the quasi-liquid film is expected to grow with strain, irrespective of sign. In addition, a strain-induced solid surface free energy increase/decrease takes place, favoring/disfavoring surface melting depending on the sign of strain relative to surface stress. In the latter case one can produce a strain-induced prewetting transition, where for increasing temperature the liquid film suddenly jumps from zero to a finite thickness. This phenomenology is illustrated by a realistic molecular dynamics simulation of strained Al(110).Comment: Acceped for publication on Surface Scienc

    Why Are Alkali Halide Solid Surfaces Not Wetted By Their Own Melt?

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    Alkali halide (100) crystal surfaces are anomalous, being very poorly wetted by their own melt at the triple point. We present extensive simulations for NaCl, followed by calculations of the solid-vapor, solid-liquid, and liquid-vapor free energies showing that solid NaCl(100) is a nonmelting surface, and that its full behavior can quantitatively be accounted for within a simple Born-Meyer-Huggins-Fumi-Tosi model potential. The incomplete wetting is traced to the conspiracy of three factors: surface anharmonicities stabilizing the solid surface; a large density jump causing bad liquid-solid adhesion; incipient NaCl molecular correlations destabilizing the liquid surface. The latter is pursued in detail, and it is shown that surface short-range charge order acts to raise the surface tension because incipient NaCl molecular formation anomalously reduces the surface entropy of liquid NaCl much below that of solid NaCl(100).Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
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