The motivation to study abroad : what motivates students to apply for Erasmus grant?

The purpose is to find out the motivation of the Erasmus scholar students, from Széchenyi István University. This subject is very topical, because there are more and more chances for the students to study abroad who are beginning to explore the potential of the opportunities of the grants. It was a successful research, a lot of information is known now about the motivation of the Erasmus students from the Széchenyi István University, which are proved by the conclusionsFacultad de Ciencias de la Empres

The Minimal Degree Standard Identity on MnE2M_nE^2 and MnE3M_nE^3

We prove an Amitsur--Levitzki-type theorem for Grassmann algebras, stating that the minimal degree of a standard identity that is a polynomial identity of the ring of $n \times n$ matrices over the $m$-generated Grassmann algebra is at least $2\left\lfloor\frac{m}{2}\right\rfloor+4n-4$ for all $n,m\geq 2$ and this bound is sharp for $m=2,3$ and any $n\geq 2$. The arguments are purely combinatorial, based on computing sums of signs corresponding to Eulerian trails in directed graphs.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures, since version1 the statement of the lower bound got extended and a conjecture has been adde

TrajFlow: Learning the Distribution over Trajectories

Predicting the future behaviour of people remains an open challenge for the development of risk-aware autonomous vehicles. An important aspect of this challenge is effectively capturing the uncertainty which is inherent to human behaviour. This paper studies an approach for probabilistic motion forecasting with improved accuracy in the predicted sample likelihoods. We are able to learn multi-modal distributions over the motions of an agent solely from data, while also being able to provide predictions in real-time. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art results on the inD dataset when evaluated with the standard metrics employed for motion forecasting. Furthermore, our approach also achieves state-of-the-art results when evaluated with respect to the likelihoods it assigns to its generated trajectories. Evaluations on artificial datasets indicate that the distributions learned by our model closely correspond to the true distributions observed in data and are not as prone towards being over-confident in a single outcome in the face of uncertainty

Cadmium-induced turion formation of Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden

L

The factors of competitiveness of Hungarian beef cattle sector

This paper analyses the position of the Hungarian beef cattle sector by using secondary data and determines the factors, which may influence profitability. The analysis includes the impacts of the recent and the present market processes, as well. The paper examines the beef cattle sector in economic and ecological aspects of sustainability, as these factors play an increasingly important role in the market. The beef cattle sector was analysed in the following three aspects: - role in food production, - profitability, and - sustainability in economic and environmental aspects

Cadmium-induced turion formation of Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden

Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden (giant duckweed) is an extensively studied representative of duckweeds (Lemnoideae subfamily, Araceae). Despite its widespread application in numerous research areas and well-known capability for producing turions, the effects of various toxicants on turion production are sporadically discussed in the scientific literature. Our aim was to study the growth of S. polyrhiza under cadmium stress and to test its potential interference with turion production. Effects of cadmium were assessed in axenic cultures of a local S. polyrhiza clone in 7-days-long duckweed growth inhibition tests. Our results indicated that higher cadmium concentrations decreased the relative growth rates of cultures within 3 days and growth inhibition reached its maximum between the 3rd and 5th days with 0.080 mg l-1 IC50. Parallel with slowed frond production - by mirror image pattern - induction of turion formation was observed. The first turions protruded by the 5th day of treatments in the 0.075-0.75 mg l-1 concentration range. Such rapid onset of turion formation is indicative of an almost immediate switch between normal and turion mode of meristem function upon cadmium stress. The consideration of this mechanism in practical applications of S. polyrhiza is recommended

ILoSA: Interactive Learning of Stiffness and Attractors

Teaching robots how to apply forces according to our preferences is still an open challenge that has to be tackled from multiple engineering perspectives. This paper studies how to learn variable impedance policies where both the Cartesian stiffness and the attractor can be learned from human demonstrations and corrections with a user-friendly interface. The presented framework, named ILoSA, uses Gaussian Processes for policy learning, identifying regions of uncertainty and allowing interactive corrections, stiffness modulation and active disturbance rejection. The experimental evaluation of the framework is carried out on a Franka-Emika Panda in three separate cases with unique force interaction properties: 1) pulling a plug wherein a sudden force discontinuity occurs upon successful removal of the plug, 2) pushing a box where a sustained force is required to keep the robot in motion, and 3) wiping a whiteboard in which the force is applied perpendicular to the direction of movement

Genome-wide selection signatures in Pinzgau cattle

The aim of this study was to identify the evidence of recent selection based on estimation of the integrated Haplotype Score (iHS), population differentiation index (FST) and characterize affected regions near QTL associated with traits under strong selection in Pinzgau cattle. In total 21 Austrian and 19 Slovak purebreed bulls genotyped with Illumina bovineHD and  bovineSNP50 BeadChip were used to identify genomic regions under selection. Only autosomal loci with call rate higher than 90%, minor allele frequency higher than 0.01 and Hardy-Weinberg equlibrium limit of 0.001 were included in the subsequent analyses of selection sweeps presence. The final dataset was consisted from 30538 SNPs with 81.86 kb average adjacent SNPs spacing. The iHS score were averaged into non-overlapping 500 kb segments across the genome. The FST values were also plotted against genome position based on sliding windows approach and averaged over 8 consecutive SNPs. Based on integrated Haplotype Score evaluation only 7 regions with iHS score higher than 1.7 was found. The average iHS score observed for each adjacent syntenic regions indicated slight effect of recent selection in analysed group of Pinzgau bulls. The level of genetic differentiation between Austrian and Slovak bulls estimated based on FST index was low. Only 24% of FST values calculated for each SNP was greather than 0.01. By using sliding windows approach was found that 5% of analysed windows had higher value than 0.01. Our results indicated use of similar selection scheme in breeding programs of Slovak and Austrian Pinzgau bulls. The evidence for genome-wide association between signatures of selection and regions affecting complex traits such as milk production was insignificant, because the loci in segments identified as affected by selection were very distant from each other. Identification of genomic regions that may be under pressure of selection for phenotypic traits to better understanding of the relationship between genotype and phenotype is one of the challenges for livestock genetics