vanA in Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus casseliflavus detected in French cattle.

The goal of this study was to assess the presence of enterococci species presenting van-mediated glycopeptide resistance in French cattle. Fecal samples were collected from healthy and sick animals, and enterococci were screened for vancomycin resistance. Vancomycin resistance was principally encountered in Enterococcus gallinarum and Enterococcus casseliflavus strains. However, glycopeptide resistance was detected in three different species of enterococci (E. faecalis, E. faecium, and E. casseliflavus). Molecular characterization of the genetic support proved that they all presented the prototypic VanA element. Interestingly, the E. casseliflavus strain displayed a remarkable VanB phenotype/vanA-vanC genotype. Transferability, associated resistances, and factors of vanA cotransfer were sought. This study proved that acquired vanA genes can still be detected in food-producing animals more than a decade after the avoparcin ban. Indeed, calves, which are recurrently exposed to antibiotics in France, may allow the re-emergence of glycopeptide resistance through coselection factors, and this might potentially be concerning for human health

Impact of neonatal digestion on the physiology of breast milk bacteria and their immunomodulation capacities

International audienceExclusive breastfeeding in the first months of life has protective effects on infant health compared to formula-fed infants including a lower risk of gastrointestinal and respiratory infections and of metabolic and immune disorders. These observable differences in 'health effect' are likely due to differences in composition between breast milk and infant formula. In particular, breast milk contains a wide variety of bacterial species that are present at low dose. This microbial counterpart contributes to the development of the newborn's gut microbiota after digestion of milk matrix. It was also suggested to influence more largely intestinal homeostasis, acting on the gut immunity and intestinal barrier, and thus to contribute to breastmilk health promoting effects [1]. Several studies have investigated the impact of commensal bacteria on gut homeostasis. However, they generally do not include the different phases of digestion, like gastric (G) or intestinal (I) phases, which could have an impact on the physiological state and properties of the bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of newborn digestion on the physiology of breastmilk bacteria and on their mmunomodulatory potential. For this study, six strains representative of the prevalent bacteria in breast milk were selected. The strains were digested in a static in vitro model of digestion, at full-term infant stage, in a milk matrix. Following the G and I phases, bacterial cultivability was measured and the immunomodulation properties were determined through the quantification of IL-10 and TNF-α released by macrophages (THP-1 line: human monocytic cell line differentiated into macrophages). The impact of the G and I digestion phases on both viability and immunomodulation properties was strain-dependent, pointing out the interest to consider these steps for the determination of ingested bacteria properties.This study is part of the PROLIFIC project and was financially supported by the Régions Bretagne and Pays de Loire and the Milkvalley-BBA consortium

Comparaison of dynamic in vitro digestion of human milk vs standard infant formula to better understand their digestive kinetics

International audienceHuman milk (HM) and Infant formula (IF) are assumed to present different digestion kinetics, while rarely directly compared. The study aimed to address this question using a dynamic digestion model (DIDGI®) at the infant stage.Fresh HM (pool from 50 mothers) and standard IF with similar total nitrogen content were digested in triplicate. Digesta were sampled regularly in gastric and intestinal phase from 0 to 180 min to evaluate structural changes (confocal microscopy and laser light scattering), proteolysis (SDS-PAGE and densitometry, OPA), and nitrogen digestibility (µ-Kjeldahl). Differences between groups were assessed using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA.The microstructure of the digesta differed between HM and IF along the gastric digestion. Proteolysis of the common HM and IF proteins, caseins and α-lactalbumin, was significantly slower for HM than for IF. The intestinal degree of proteolysis was lower for HM than IF, at least during the first two hours. Total N digestibility was lower with HM, such as observed in vivo. Peptidomic and lipolysis data will complete the dataset.Despite nutritional similarity, this study highlights the influence of the matrix on the digestion kinetics and gives some further understanding to the global value of digestibility, such as determined in vivo

Quelle communication pour les PME industrielles de l'Arc jurassien franco-suisse? Projet Interreg "COM-PME-B2B" ::livre blanc

Partenaires depuis plus de dix ans dans le cadre des Journées franco-suisses d’intelligence économique et de veille stratégique, l’IUT de Besançon, Université de Franche-Comté et la Haute école de gestion Arc à Neuchâtel ont décidé en 2013 de mener un projet de recherche transfrontalier bénéficiant d’un financement Interreg sur un sujet trop rarement abordé de manière scientifique : la communication des PME industrielles fonctionnant en business to business 1 (B2B) ou en sous-traitance 2 de l’Arc jurassien franco-suisse

Comparaison of dynamic in vitro digestion of human milk vs standard infant formula to better understand their digestive kinetics

International audienceHuman milk (HM) and Infant formula (IF) are assumed to present different digestion kinetics, while rarely directly compared. The study aimed to address this question using a dynamic digestion model (DIDGI®) at the infant stage.Fresh HM (pool from 50 mothers) and standard IF with similar total nitrogen content were digested in triplicate. Digesta were sampled regularly in gastric and intestinal phase from 0 to 180 min to evaluate structural changes (confocal microscopy and laser light scattering), proteolysis (SDS-PAGE and densitometry, OPA), and nitrogen digestibility (µ-Kjeldahl). Differences between groups were assessed using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA.The microstructure of the digesta differed between HM and IF along the gastric digestion. Proteolysis of the common HM and IF proteins, caseins and α-lactalbumin, was significantly slower for HM than for IF. The intestinal degree of proteolysis was lower for HM than IF, at least during the first two hours. Total N digestibility was lower with HM, such as observed in vivo. Peptidomic and lipolysis data will complete the dataset.Despite nutritional similarity, this study highlights the influence of the matrix on the digestion kinetics and gives some further understanding to the global value of digestibility, such as determined in vivo

Diurnal Variation of Urinary Fabry Disease Biomarkers during Enzyme Replacement Therapy Cycles

Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the GLA gene encoding the α-galactosidase A enzyme. This enzyme cleaves the last sugar unit of glycosphingolipids, including globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3), and galabiosylceramide (Ga2). Enzyme impairment leads to substrate accumulation in different organs, vascular endothelia, and biological fluids. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is a commonly used treatment. Urinary analysis of Gb3 isoforms (different fatty acid moieties), as well as lyso-Gb3 and its analogues, is a reliable way to monitor treatment. These analogues correspond to lyso-Gb3 with chemical modifications on the sphingosine moiety (−C2H4, −C2H4+O, −H2, −H2+O, +O, +H2O2, and +H2O3). The effects of sample collection time on urinary biomarker levels between ERT cycles were not previously documented. The main objective of this project was to analyze the aforementioned biomarkers in urine samples from seven Fabry disease patients (three treated males, three treated females, and one ERT-naïve male) collected twice a day (morning and evening) for 42 days (three ERT cycles). Except for one participant, our results show that the biomarker levels were generally more elevated in the evening. However, there was less variability in samples collected in the morning. No cyclic variations in biomarker levels were observed between ERT infusions

Discussion

Delaisi Geneviève, Lorber Judith, Ménard-Forrler Agnès, Fellous Michèle, Pitavy-Souques Danièle, Laborie Françoise, Quéré France, Bernheim Marianne, Hamard Marie-Claire, Comet Paule, Bateman-Novaes Simone, Bouaziz-Léger Emmeline. Discussion. In: Diplômées, n°146, 1988. France-USA. Comparaison des réactions de nos sociétés devant le progrès des connaissances et des techniques en biogénétique de la transmission de la vie : Séminaire AFFDU-Currier 3-4 mars 1988. pp. 200-205