24 research outputs found

    Statut nutritionnel du lapereau : maturation des structures et des fonctions digestives et sensibilité à une infection par une souche entéropathogÚne d'Escherichia coli.

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    La comprĂ©hension du rĂŽle de l'alimentation sur le fonctionnement du systĂšme digestif autour du sevrage s'avĂšre essentielle afin de dĂ©finir des stratĂ©gies alimentaires permettant de rĂ©duire la frĂ©quence des Ă©pisodes diarrhĂ©iques en Ă©levage cunicole. L'objectif de ce travail est d'Ă©tudier l'implication des facteurs nutritionnels, via la modulation de l'Ăąge au sevrage (3 vs. 5 semaines), sur le dĂ©veloppement des structures et fonctions digestives et sur la sensibilitĂ© du lapereau Ă  une infection expĂ©rimentale par une souche entĂ©ropathogĂšne d'Escherichia coli (EPEC) du sĂ©rogroupe O103. Suite Ă  l'arrĂȘt prĂ©maturĂ© de l'allaitement, un sevrage Ă  3 semaines induit une augmentation de l'ingestion d'aliment granulĂ© dĂšs 2 jours post-sevrage. Les consĂ©quences sur le dĂ©veloppement morphologique de la muqueuse intestinale sont faibles, alors que les fonctions digestives endogĂšnes (hausse des activitĂ©s des enzymes intestinales) et microbiennes s'adaptent rapidement. A 28 jours, la capacitĂ© des lapereaux sevrĂ©s Ă  valoriser l'aliment leur permet d'atteindre un ingĂ©rĂ© d'Ă©nergie digestible Ă©quivalent Ă  celui fourni par la ration mixte lait/aliment des lapereaux allaitĂ©s. Cependant, lors d'une infection expĂ©rimentale Ă  28 jours par une souche EPEC O103, les lapereaux sevrĂ©s Ă  3 semaines s'avĂšrent trĂšs sensibles : taux de 50% de mortalitĂ© atteint en 8 jours. Les lapereaux allaitĂ©s rĂ©sistent temporairement Ă  la colibacillose, qui se dĂ©veloppe aprĂšs leur sevrage Ă  5 semaines : 50% de mortalitĂ© 17 jours aprĂšs l'inoculation. Ce temps de rĂ©ponse Ă  l'infection diffĂ©rentiel selon que les animaux sont sevrĂ©s ou allaitĂ©s au moment de l'inoculation suggĂšre que le lait maternel joue un rĂŽle majeur dans la rĂ©sistance Ă  la colibacillose Ă  EPEC O103. Les triglycĂ©rides du lait de lapine sont riches en caprylate (C8) et en caprate (C10) (65% des acides gras), Ă  activitĂ© potentiellement antimicrobienne. Cependant, leur incorporation (2%) dans l'aliment de pĂ©ri-sevrage ne permet pas de prolonger la protection confĂ©rĂ©e par le lait maternel vis-Ă -vis de la colibacillose. En conclusion, l'adaptation Ă  l'aliment solide des lapereaux sevrĂ©s Ă  3 semaines est rapide. Cependant, l'absence de lait maternel les rend vulnĂ©rables vis-Ă -vis d'une infection Ă  EPEC O103, suggĂ©rant un rĂŽle majeur de certains composĂ©s lactĂ©s non spĂ©cifiques dans la rĂ©sistance Ă  la colibacillose. Ces travaux ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives quant aux stratĂ©gies alimentaires du lapereau autour du sevrage. ABSTRACT : To understand the role of feed on the development of the digestive system around weaning is essential to define feeding strategies improving the digestive health in the young rabbit. This work aimed to study the impact of nutritional factors, by modulating the weaning age (3 vs. 5 weeks), on the development of the digestive structures and functions, and on the sensitivity of the young to an experimental infection with an enteropathogenic strain of E. coli (EPEC) from O103 serogroup. A weaning at 3 weeks of age led to a significant increase in solid feed intake from 2 days post-weaning. The morphologic development of the intestinal mucosa was weakly affected by weaning, whereas intestinal enzymes activities and microbial digestive functions adapted quickly. At 28 days of age, the capacities of young to digest the solid diet allowed them a similar digestible energy intake compared to still suckling rabbits fed a mixed milk/solid feed diet. Rabbits weaned at 3 weeks were very sensitive to an experimental infection with a strain of EPEC O103 at 28 days of age: 50% of dead rabbits 8 days after the inoculation. Suckling rabbits were temporarily protected against colibacillosis, which developed after their weaning at 5 weeks: the level of 50% of mortality was reached 17 days after the inoculation. This differential response time to the infection between weaned and suckling rabbits suggested that maternal milk was essential to protect kits against colibacillosis. Triglycerides of the doe's milk contain mainly caprylate (C8) and caprate (C10) (65% of fatty acids), which have a potential antimicrobial activity. However, their addition (2%) in a diet given around weaning did not extend the protection confered by maternal milk against colibacillosis. In conclusion, the digestive adaptation of rabbits weaned at 3 weeks was rapid. However, the lack of maternal milk made them vulnerable to an infection with EPEC O103, suggesting a major role of some non-specific milk components in their resistance to colibacillosis. This work gives new perspectives for feeding strategies adapted for young rabbits around weaning

    Milk digestion in the young rabbit: methodology and first results

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    [EN] This study aims to determine the digestibility of milk by the young rabbit (21-25 d old), taking into account the increment of digesta content and urine excretion. Nineteen litters of 9 young rabbits 21 to 25 d old were used: 12 litters (S group) fed exclusively with milk using controlled suckling, and 7 litters (Control group) with free suckling and access to the pelleted feed of the doe. The faecal digestibility of milk dry matter (DM) was measured between 21 and 25 d of age, for S litters housed from 15 d of age in a metabolism cage separately from their mother. Between 21 and 25 d, the milk intake, faeces and urine excretion were controlled daily, and the mean increment in digesta content was measured by comparing digesta weight of the whole tract at 21 and 25 d of age (one kit per litter). The increment in digesta content from 21 to 25 d averaged 77% (+8.5 g), sourcing mainly from stomach and caecum contents increase (+57 and +120% respectively). The mean increase for the dry content of the gut (from 21 to 25 d) was 1.75 g DM/kit, and was considered as non-digested to calculate the digestibility coefficient of the milk. The milk intake averaged 30 g/d/kit (7.9 g DM/d kit). No faecal excretion was recorded between 21 and 25 d. From the milk intake and increment in digesta content, the corrected digestibility of the milk dry matter reached 94% (minimum=92.9%, maximum=95.6%). The daily urine excretion averaged 5.1 mL/kit, corresponding to 1.2 g DM/kit. Therefore, the corrected DM retention coefficient of the milk was 79.5%. The quantity of nitrogen excreted in urine was low (0.06 g/d kits), thus the corrected nitrogen retention coefficient for milk reached 82% and the nitrogen retained (corrected) reached 0.44 g/d kit. Accordingly, the amount in metabolisable protein for the milk was 90 g/kg (fresh). The corrected energy retention coefficient was estimated to 95.8%, for a crude energy concentration estimated at 28.14 MJ/kg DM for the milk. Thus, the energy retained (corrected) reached 223 kJ/d kit and the content in metabolisable energy for the milk was 26.94 MJ/kg DM.The authors thank INRA PHASE division for the financial support. The authors would also like to thank the technicians involved in the experiment at the INRA UE PECTOUL (Patrick Aymard, Jacques De Dapper & Jean De Dapper) and in the GenPhySE laboratory (VĂ©ronique TartiĂ©).Gidenne, TN.; Bannelier, C.; Gallois, M.; Segura, M.; Lambrecht, V. (2018). Milk digestion in the young rabbit: methodology and first results. World Rabbit Science. 26(4):269-276. doi:10.4995/wrs.2018.10061SWORD269276264Alstin F., Nilsson M. 1990. The SoxtecÂźhydrolysis system improves the official methods for determining total fat content. Ind. Alim. Agric., 107: 1271-1274.Carabaño R., Piquer J., Menoyo D., Badiola I. 2010. The digestive system of the rabbit, In: De Blas C., Wiseman J. (Eds.), Nutrition of the rabbit, CABI; Wallingford; UK, pp. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845936693.0001EGRAN. 2001. Technical note: Attempts to harmonise chemical analyses of feeds and faeces, for rabbit feed evaluation. World Rabbit Sci., 9: 57-64. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2001.446Gallois M., Gidenne T., Fortun-Lamote F., Le Hueron-Luron I., LallĂšs J.P. 2005. An early stimulation of solid feed intake slightly influences the morphological gut maturation in the rabbit. Reprod. Nutr. Develop., 45: 109-122. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731108001730Gallois M., Fortun-Lamothe L., Michelan A., Gidenne T. 2008. Adaptability of the digestive function according to age at weaning in the rabbit: II. Effect on nutrient digestion in the small intestine and in the whole digestive tract. Animal, 2: 536-547. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731108001730Gidenne T., Debray L., Fortun-Lamothe L., Le Huerou-Luron I. 2007. Maturation of the intestinal digestion and of microbial activity in the young rabbit: Impact of the dietary fibre:starch ratio. Comp. Bioch. Physiol. - Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 148: 834-844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.08.025Gidenne T., Lebas F., Savietto D., Dorchies P., Duperray J., Davoust C., Fortun-Lamothe L. 2015. Nutrition et alimentation, In: Gidenne T. (Ed.), Le lapin. De la biologie Ă  l'Ă©levage, Quae Ă©ditions, pp. 152-196.Lebas, F. 1971. Composition chimique du lait de lapine Ă©volution au cours de la traite et en fonction du stade de lactation. Ann. Zootech., 20: 185-191. https://doi.org/10.1051/animres:19710205Maertens L., Lebas F., SzendrƑ Zs. 2006. Rabbit milk: a review of quantity, quality and non-dietary affecting factors. World Rabbit Sci., 14: 205-203. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2006.565Orengo J., Gidenne T. 2007. Feeding behaviour and caecotrophy in the young rabbit before weaning: An approach by analysing the digestive contents. App. Anim. Behav. Sci., 102: 106-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2006.03.010Parigi Bini R., Cesselli P. 1976. Estimate of energy excreted in urine by growing rabbits. In: 1st World Rabbit Congress, Dijon, France, Comm. 20, 6.Parigi Bini R., Xiccato G., Cinetto M., Dalle Zotte A. 1991. Digestive efficiency and energy and protein retention in suckling and weanling rabbits. Zootec. Nutr. Anim., 17: 167-180.Savietto D., Cervera C., Blas E., Baselga M., Larsen T., Friggens N.C., Pascual J.J. 2014. Environmental sensitivity differs between rabbit lines selected for reproductive intensity and longevity. Animal, 7: 1969-1977. https://doi.org/10.1017/S175173111300178XUbilla E., Rebollar P.G., Pazo D., Esquifino A., Alvariño J.M.R. 2000. Effects of doe-litter separation on endocrinological and productivity variables in lactating rabbits. Livest. Prod. Sci., 67: 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(00)00196-2Udert K.M., Larsen T.A., Biebow M., Gujer W.P. 2003. Urea hydrolysis and precipitation dynamics in a urinecollecting system. Water Res., 37: 2571-2582. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00065-4Zhang Y.K., Cui H.X., Sun D.F., Liu L.H., Xu X.R. 2018. Effects of doe-litter separation on intestinal bacteria, immune response and morphology of suckling rabbits. World Rabbit Sci., 26: 71-79. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2018.591

    Testing the efficacy of medium chain fatty acids against rabbit colibacillosis

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    Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) represents a major cause of lethal diarrhea in young mammals. Although the pathogenicity mechanisms of EPEC are now well understood, the intrinsic and environmental factors that control the expression of EPEC virulence remain largely unknown. In the rabbit, suckling reduces pups’ sensitivity to EPEC infection. Hence, we have hypothesized that uncharacterized factors present in doemilkmay mediate this protection. Medium chain fatty acids (MCFA), known to possess antimicrobial properties, are highly abundant in doe milk.We demonstrate that caprylic acid exhibits a clear bacteriostatic effect in vitro against the rabbit EPEC strain E22 (O103:H2:K-), in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, the dietary inclusion of triglycerides of MCFA did not however reduce the sensitivity of young rabbits challenged with this EPEC strain. The mortality and fecal excretion of EPEC were not reduced, and the bacterial adhesion to ileum was not inhibited. Amount of MCFA reaching the ileal level might have been too low and/or their association to other milk antimicrobials may have been required to observe a positive effect on disease evolution in a context of a highly virulent challenge

    The food contaminant fumonisin B1 reduces the maturation of porcine CD11R1+ intestinal antigen presenting cells and antigen-specific immune responses, leading to a prolonged intestinal ETEC infection

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    Consumption of food or feed contaminated with fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides, can lead to disease in humans and animals. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of FB1 intake on the intestinal immune system. Piglets were used as a target and as a model species for humans since their gastro-intestinal tract is very similar. The animals were orally exposed to a low dose of FB1 (1 mg/kg body weight FB1) for 10 days which did not result in clinical signs. However, when compared to non-exposed animals, FB1-exposed animals showed a longer shedding of F4+ enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) following infection and a lower induction of the antigen-specific immune response following oral immunization. Further analyses to elucidate the mechanisms behind these observations revealed a reduced intestinal expression of IL-12p40, an impaired function of intestinal antigen presenting cells (APC), with decreased upregulation of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II molecule (MHC-II) and reduced T cell stimulatory capacity upon stimulation. Taken together, these results indicate an FB1-mediated reduction of in vivo APC maturation

    Statut nutritionnel du lapereau (maturation des structures et des fonctions digestives et sensibilité à une infection par une souche entéropathogÚne d'Escherichia coli)

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    La comprĂ©hension du rĂŽle de l'alimentation sur le fonctionnement du systĂšme digestif autour du sevrage s'avĂšre essentielle afin de dĂ©finir des stratĂ©gies alimentaires permettant de rĂ©duire la frĂ©quence des Ă©pisodes diarrhĂ©iques en Ă©levage cunicole. L'objectif de ce travail est d'Ă©tudier l'implication des facteurs nutritionnels, via la modulation de l'Ăąge au sevrage (3 vs. 5 semaines), sur le dĂ©veloppement des structures et fonctions digestives et sur la sensibilitĂ© du lapereau Ă  une infection expĂ©rimentale par une souche entĂ©ropathogĂšne d'Escherichia coli (EPEC) du sĂ©rogroupe O103.Suite Ă  l'arrĂȘt prĂ©maturĂ© de l'allaitement, un sevrage Ă  3 semaines induit une augmentation de l'ingestion d'aliment granulĂ© dĂšs 2 jours post-sevrage. Les consĂ©quences sur le dĂ©veloppement morphologique de la muqueuse intestinale sont faibles, alors que les fonctions digestives endogĂšnes (hausse des activitĂ©s des enzymes intestinales) et microbiennes s'adaptent rapidement. A 28 jours, la capacitĂ© des lapereaux sevrĂ©s Ă  valoriser l'aliment leur permet d'atteindre un ingĂ©rĂ© d'Ă©nergie digestible Ă©quivalent Ă  celui fourni par la ration mixte lait/aliment des lapereaux allaitĂ©s. Cependant, lors d'une infection expĂ©rimentale Ă  28 jours par une souche EPEC O103, les lapereaux sevrĂ©s Ă  3 semaines s'avĂšrent trĂšs sensibles : taux de 50% de mortalitĂ© atteint en 8 jours. Les lapereaux allaitĂ©s rĂ©sistent temporairement Ă  la colibacillose, qui se dĂ©veloppe aprĂšs leur sevrage Ă  5 semaines : 50% de mortalitĂ© 17 jours aprĂšs l'inoculation. Ce temps de rĂ©ponse Ă  l'infection diffĂ©rentiel selon que les animaux sont sevrĂ©s ou allaitĂ©s au moment de l'inoculation suggĂšre que le lait maternel joue un rĂŽle majeur dans la rĂ©sistance Ă  la colibacillose Ă  EPEC O103. Les triglycĂ©rides du lait de lapine sont riches en caprylate (C8) et en caprate (C10) (65% des acides gras), Ă  activitĂ© potentiellement antimicrobienne. Cependant, leur incorporation (2%) dans l'aliment de pĂ©ri-sevrage ne permet pas de prolonger la protection confĂ©rĂ©e par le lait maternel vis-Ă -vis de la colibacillose. En conclusion, l'adaptation Ă  l'aliment solide des lapereaux sevrĂ©s Ă  3 semaines est rapide. Cependant, l'absence de lait maternel les rend vulnĂ©rables vis-Ă -vis d'une infection Ă  EPEC O103, suggĂ©rant un rĂŽle majeur de certains composĂ©s lactĂ©s non spĂ©cifiques dans la rĂ©sistance Ă  la colibacillose. Ces travaux ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives quant aux stratĂ©gies alimentaires du lapereau autour du sevrageTOULOUSE-ENSAT-Documentation (315552324) / SudocSudocFranceF

    L'hypothyroïdie (quand la thyroïde se dérÚgle ?)

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    LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Epointage des dents des porcelets (conséquences lésionnelles et zootechniques)

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    L'épointage des dents, réalisé couramment pour limiter les lésions cutanées des porcelets et des tétines des truies, est controversé. Les effets de la technique utilisée (meulage et section à la pince) ont été étudiés à la mise-bas, à 7, 14 et 28 jours de lactation dans 6 élevages bretons (107 truies et 1273 porcelets). Les conséquences de l'épointage sur les lésions des mamelles diffÚrent selon la localisation des tétines (antérieures à postérieures), à la mise-bas et à 7 jours de lactation. L'épointage n'a pas d'effet sur la croissance des portées (P>0,05). Les lésions cutanées des porcelets sont plus importantes quand leurs dents sont intactes que lorsqu'elles sont sectionnées, à 7 et 28 jours (P0,05), l'épointage seul n'explique pas les différences constatées. Les nombreuses lésions dentaires observées, surtout aprÚs section à la pince, pourraient susciter de la douleur.NANTES-BU Médecine pharmacie (441092101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Impact du ratio lait/aliment sec sur la sensibilité du lapereau à une inoculation expérimentale colibacillaire

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    National audienceLes colibacilloses sont fréquentes en élevage cunicole. Plusieurs facteurs peuvent favoriser leur déclenchement. Ainsi, Licois et al. (1990) avaient mis en évidence une période de sensibilité maximale des lapereaux à une souche pathogÚne d'E. coli O103 entre 4 et 5 semaines d'ùge. L'hypothÚse que le déclenchement de la colibacillose pouvait dépendre du ration lait/aliment n'a jamais été envisagée. Nous avons donc modulé ce facteur nutritionnel en comparant 2 ùges de sevrage sur la sensibilité de lapereaux à une infection expérimentale à 28 jours par la souche E22 (sérogroupe O103) d'E. coli (Boullier et al., 2003)
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