Standardisation, calibration and correlation of the Kübler-index and the vitrinite/bituminite reflectance: an inter-laboratory and field related study

A multiple inter-laboratory calibration with illite Kübler-Frey-Kisch "crystallinity” index and related standards is presented and compared with CIS standards used in the last two decades in very low-grade metamorphic studies. Comparing CIS values with KI standards the CIS values show a higher full width at half-high maximum peak intensity. In all cases due to broadening effects on the Kübler-index, zone-limits, specifically the diagenetic zone/anchizone boundary, a shift is produced in geographical dimensions in a metamorphic map-view. Combining standardised Kübler-index and vitrinite-bituminite reflectance measurements a coherent data set for compilation studies can be generated from the data of different research groups. This attempt to establish a unified database of independent measures to determine diagenetic/metamorphic zones with different analytical instrumental methods are indispensable to present metamorphic maps at very low-grade conditions. Given that the Kübler-Frey-Kisch standards are difficult to preserve for the future and presumably they will be replaced with ongoing time by the CIS standards, a rescue of the laboratory settings from Frey, Kübler and others is done. After having compiled the Kübler-index—vitrinite reflectance zones in the Alps for the "New Metamorphic Map of the Alps”, the presented calibration and inter-laboratory correlation gives a chance to save the KI values obtained by very different preparation procedures applied. This is an important step for further studies in an area like the Central Alps with a very high data grid. This correlation study will also make it possible that nearly 90% of Kübler-index data from Switzerland can be compared in future work. Using the same calibration and preparation technique no fundamental problem in data comparison is achieved for the vitrinite/bituminite reflectance data operation. The main problem arises when rock maturity is compared with CIS calibrated Kübler-index values. Kübler-index values obtained by the so-called CIS calibration are not compatible with Kübler-Frey-Kisch (Árkai, Aprahamian, Brime, Ferreiro Mählmann, H. Krumm, Leoni, Petschick) calibrated Kübler-Indices. Applying both standardisation approaches for field studies, partially different results are obtaine

The Arosa zone in Eastern Switzerland: oceanic, sedimentary burial, accretional and orogenic very low- to low grade patterns in a tectono-metamorphic mélange

In the area of Arosa-Davos-Klosters (Eastern Switzerland) the different tectonic elements of the Arosa zone mélange e.g. the Austroalpine fragments, the sedimentary cover of South Penninic ophiolite fragments, as well as the matrix (oceanic sediments and flysch rocks) show distinctively different metamorphic histories and also different climaxes ("peaks”) of Alpine metamorphism. This is shown by a wealth of Kübler-Index, vitrinite and bituminite reflectance measurements, and K-white mica b cell dimension data. At least six main metamorphic events can be recognized in the area of Arosa-Davos-Klosters: (1) A pre-orogenic event, typical for the Upper Austroalpine and for instance found in the sediments at the base of the Silvretta nappe but also in some tectonic fragments of the Arosa zone (Arosa zone mélange). (2) An epizonal oceanic metamorphism observed in the close vicinity of oceanic basement rocks units of the Arosa zone (South Penninic) is another pre-orogenic process. (3) A metamorphic overprint of the adjacent Lower Austroalpine nappes and structural fragments of the Lower Austroalpine in the Arosa zone. This metamorphic overprint is attributed to the orogenic metamorphic processes during the Late Cretaceous. (4) A thermal climax observed in the South Penninic sediments of the Arosa zone can be bracketed by the Austroalpine Late Cretaceous event (3) and the middle Tertiary event (5) in the Middle Penninic units and predates Oligocene extension of the "Turba phase”. (6) North of Klosters, in the northern part of our study area, the entire tectonic pile from the North Penninic flysches to the Upper Austroalpine is strongly influenced by a late Tertiary high-grade diagenetic to low-anchizone event. In the Arosa zone mélange an individual orogenic metamorphic event is evidenced and gives a chance to resolve diagenetic-metamorphic relations versus deformation. Six heating episodes in sedimentary rocks and seven deformation cycles can be distinguished. This is well explained by the propagation of the Alpine deformation front onto the foreland units. Flysches at the hanging wall of the mélange zone in the north of the study area (Walsertal zone) show data typical for low-grade diagenetic thermal conditions and are therefore sandwiched between higher metamorphic rock units and separated from theses units by a disconformity. The Arosa zone s.s., as defined in this paper, is characterised by metamorphic inversions in the hanging wall and at the footwall thrust, thus shows differences to the Walsertal zone in the north and to the Platta nappe in the sout

Funktionelle Charakterisierung von AM.ADP.Pi-Zuständen des Aktin-Myosin-Komplexes im Kaninchenskelettmuskel

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Determinação do grau de dissociação do oxigênio numa descarga d.c. de O2/N2 e O2/H2

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas.Neste trabalho estudamos o efeito causado na dissociação do Oxigênio em uma descarga d.c. de O2/N2 e O2/H2. Calibramos o sistema de detecção utilizando a técnica de titulação por NO numa descarga de N2. Com essa técnica, determinamos a concentração de Oxigênio atômico presente na região de pós-descarga, e o grau de dissociação para nossas condições experimentais. Observamos que a presença de N2 e H2 na descarga de Oxigênio aumenta significativa a concentração de Oxigênio atômico. No caso do N2, o grau de dissociação cresce com a porcentagem de impureza adicionada até, aproximadamente, 5% de N2, onde ocorre uma saturação. E para o H2, o grau de dissociação cresce aaté um ponto máximo, que corresponde a cerca de 2% de H2 onde ocorre uma queda no grau de dissociação. Realizamos medidas variando o diâmetro do tubo, e observamos que o aumento na concentração de Oxigênio atômico por ação de Nitrogênio não é devido à reação de volume, mas ao decréscimo da recombinação na parede

Indiscernibles and Flatness in Monadically Stable and Monadically NIP Classes

Monadically stable and monadically NIP classes of structures were initially studied in the context of model theory and defined in logical terms. They have recently attracted attention in the area of structural graph theory, as they generalize notions such as nowhere denseness, bounded cliquewidth, and bounded twinwidth. Our main result is the - to the best of our knowledge first - purely combinatorial characterization of monadically stable classes of graphs, in terms of a property dubbed flip-flatness. A class $\mathcal{C}$ of graphs is flip-flat if for every fixed radius $r$, every sufficiently large set of vertices of a graph $G \in \mathcal{C}$ contains a large subset of vertices with mutual distance larger than $r$, where the distance is measured in some graph $G'$ that can be obtained from $G$ by performing a bounded number of flips that swap edges and non-edges within a subset of vertices. Flip-flatness generalizes the notion of uniform quasi-wideness, which characterizes nowhere dense classes and had a key impact on the combinatorial and algorithmic treatment of nowhere dense classes. To obtain this result, we develop tools that also apply to the more general monadically NIP classes, based on the notion of indiscernible sequences from model theory. We show that in monadically stable and monadically NIP classes indiscernible sequences impose a strong combinatorial structure on their definable neighborhoods. All our proofs are constructive and yield efficient algorithms.Comment: v2: revised presentation; renamed flip-wideness to flip-flatness; changed the title from "Indiscernibles and Wideness [...]" to "Indiscernibles and Flatness [...]

Application of locking compression plates as type 1 external fixators to treat unilateral mandibular fractures in four equids and one dromedary

Objectives To describe a novel fixation of open, unstable, unilateral mandibular fractures applying a locking compression plate as an external skeletal fixator (ESF-LCP). Animals Four horses and one dromedary. Study design Short case series. Methods Animals presented with unstable, open, unilateral fractures of the mandible. Fracture fixation was performed under general anesthesia. A 4.5/5.5 narrow LCP was applied externally above the level of the skin and combined with intraoral tension band wiring. Results Fracture fixation was achieved successfully using an ESF-LCP. Minimal tissue manipulation was required during application and removal of the construct. The ESF-LCPs provided adequate access to the wounds at the fracture site, were well tolerated, and did not interfere with any objects in the animals’ environment. Mild drainage at the screw-skin interface developed in all cases, requiring early implant removal due to surgical site infection in one case. The use of longer plates was associated with superficial pressure necrosis of the skin in the masseter area in two cases. Implants were removed after 3 to 12 weeks, and the long-term functional outcome after 11 to 41 (median 13) months was good in all cases. Conclusion Stabilization of mandibular fractures with ESF-LCP led to good outcomes in this case series. The use of longer plates positioned more caudally and in a ventrolateral position seemed associated with surgical site infection and pressure necrosis of the skin. Clinical significance Use of a locking compression plate as an external skeletal fixator seems to offer a viable alternative to treat unilateral mandibular fractures, especially when these are open and/or infected

Computed tomographic imaging and surgical management of distal insertional avulsion fragments of the caudal cruciate ligament in four horses

Objective To describe cases with caudal cruciate ligament (CdCL) avulsion fragments diagnosed based on computed tomography (CT) examination and report on arthroscopic fragment removal. Animals Four Warmblood horses with hindlimb lameness and osseous fragments located in the caudal medial femorotibial joint (mFTJ). Study design Short case series. Methods CT and arthroscopic evaluation of the caudal mFTJ were performed. The caudal mFTJ and the insertion of the CdCL on the tibia were assessed and removal of the avulsion fragments was attempted in three horses using a cranial intercondylar approach. Results The fragment was not accessible via caudomedial approaches in one horse. A cranial intercondylar approach was used in three horses, allowing removal of the intra-articular fragment in two horses, and removal of two-thirds of the proximal fragment in the last horse. Acute, profuse, arterial bleeding occurred in this horse during surgery with transient postoperative soft tissue swelling. Comorbidities included medial femoral condyle cartilage defects (3), cranial cruciate ligament lesions (2), and medial collateral ligament lesions (2). Horses were followed up for 16 months (median, range 11–28 months), at which point all were back in ridden exercise; owners' satisfaction was good. Conclusion CT examination confirmed the diagnosis and allowed evaluation of the stifle joint for comorbidities. A cranial intercondylar arthroscopic approach facilitated the removal of CdCL insertional avulsion fragments, although not always complete. Clinical significance A cranial intercondylar approach can allow access to CdCL avulsion fragments, but complications and incomplete removal remain possible

Die Granulation und ihre künstlerischen Interpretationen im Schmuck des 20. und 21. Jahrhunderts

Die Granulation ist eine 4500 Jahre alte Technik der Goldschmiedekunst. Traditionell wird sie zur Verzierung von Oberflächen verwendet. Die lange in Vergessenheit geratene antike Technik wurde durch Goldschmiede des 19. und 20. Jh. wiederentdeckt. Sie ist seitdem mystifiziert, mythologisiert und bis heute von Künstlern immer wieder neu entdeckt worden. Exemplarisch werden ungewöhnliche künstlerische Positionen von Goldschmieden aus drei Generationen beschrieben, untersucht, sowie technisch und formal analysiert. Sie stammen von Elisabeth Treskow (1898 - 1992), Robert Baines (*1949), David Huycke (*1967), Christiane Förster (*1966) und Giovanni Corvaja (*1971). Die genannten Goldschmiedekünstler revolutionieren und erweitern die Möglichkeiten der Granulation, indem sie mit modernster Technik raumgreifende Objekte herstellen und künstlerisch konzeptionelle Strategien der Narration, der Appropriation und des Fake verwenden. Gleichzeitig aber verweisen sie mit ihren Arbeiten und Konzepten auf die antiken Vorbilder und bringen so das Neu- und Wiedererdachte mit dem die Jahrtausende Überdauernden zusammen

Very Low-grade Metamorphic Evolution of Pelitic Rocks under High-pressure/Low-temperature Conditions, NW New Caledonia (SW Pacific)

The P-T gradient in a Late Eocene low-T high-P metamorphic belt in northern New Caledonia increases from SW to NE. Metapelites in the pumpellyite-prehnite and blueschist zones contain lawsonite, Mg-carpholite, Fe-stilpnomelane and Fe-glaucophane. Thermodynamic calculations indicate a progression of metamorphic conditions from less than 0·3 GPa and 250°C in a kaolinite-bearing rock in the SW, up to 1·5 GPa and 410°C in a lawsonite-glaucophane-bearing sample in the NE of the Diahot terrane. Through a multi-method investigation of phyllosilicates, organic matter and fluid inclusions, we demonstrate that the evolution of organic matter and illite crystallinity depends strongly on the evolution of the P-T path with time. In addition, we show that the illite-muscovite b cell dimension provides a robust estimate of maximum pressure reached in low-temperature domains with polyphase metamorphic histories, despite subsequent high-temperature-low-pressure events. Fluid inclusion study reveals an isothermal decompression in the Diahot terran

First-Order Model Checking on Monadically Stable Graph Classes

A graph class $\mathscr{C}$ is called monadically stable if one cannot interpret, in first-order logic, arbitrary large linear orders in colored graphs from $\mathscr{C}$. We prove that the model checking problem for first-order logic is fixed-parameter tractable on every monadically stable graph class. This extends the results of [Grohe, Kreutzer, and Siebertz; J. ACM '17] for nowhere dense classes and of [Dreier, M\"ahlmann, and Siebertz; STOC '23] for structurally nowhere dense classes to all monadically stable classes. As a complementary hardness result, we prove that for every hereditary graph class $\mathscr{C}$ that is edge-stable (excludes some half-graph as a semi-induced subgraph) but not monadically stable, first-order model checking is $\mathrm{AW}[*]$-hard on $\mathscr{C}$, and $\mathrm{W}[1]$-hard when restricted to existential sentences. This confirms, in the special case of edge-stable classes, an on-going conjecture that the notion of monadic NIP delimits the tractability of first-order model checking on hereditary classes of graphs. For our tractability result, we first prove that monadically stable graph classes have almost linear neighborhood complexity. Using this, we construct sparse neighborhood covers for monadically stable classes, which provides the missing ingredient for the algorithm of [Dreier, M\"ahlmann, and Siebertz; STOC '23]. The key component of this construction is the usage of orders with low crossing number [Welzl; SoCG '88], a tool from the area of range queries. For our hardness result, we prove a new characterization of monadically stable graph classes in terms of forbidden induced subgraphs. We then use this characterization to show that in hereditary classes that are edge-stable but not monadically stable, one can effectively interpret the class of all graphs using only existential formulas.Comment: 55 pages, 13 figure