A new antifungal phenolic glycoside derivative, iridoids and lignans from Alibertia sessilis (vell.) k. schum. (Rubiaceae)

A new antifungal phenolic glycoside, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-1-O-beta-D-(5-O-syringoyl)apiofuranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), together with four known iridoids, geniposidic acid (2), geniposide (3), 6alpha-hydroxygeniposide (4) and 6beta-hydroxygeniposide (5); two lignans, (+)-lyoniresinol-3alpha-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), (-)-lyoniresinol-3alpha-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7); and two phenolic acids, chlorogenic (8) and salicylic acids (9) and D-manitol (10), were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the stems of Alibertia sessilis. Structures of 1 and of the known compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis. All compounds isolated were evaluated for their antifungal activities against two phytopathogenic fungi strains Cladosporium cladosporioides and C. sphaerospermum by direct bioautography

Fixação de fósforo por um latossolo vermelho escuro-orto

This paper deals with an experiment carried out in pots with the aim of studying the fixation of P in a Dark Red Latosol, from the Municipality of Piracicaba, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The main conclusions were as follows: a) about 90% of the fixed P remained soluble in 0,05N H2SO4 solution; b) Fe and Al contributed to increase the quantities of fixed P; c) the pre-treatment of the soil with Ca(H2PO4)2. H2O decreased its capacity for fixing P.Este trabalho relata os resultados de um ensaio realizado com o objetivo de estudar a fixação de P por um Latossolo Vermelho Escuro-Orto, serie Iracema, de Piracicaba, Estado de São Paulo. O ensaio foi realizado em vasos de plástico, cada um recebendo 500 g de terra e os tratamentos, correspondentes a 0, 100, 200, 400, 600 e 1.200 kg/ha de P2O5 na forma de Ca (H2PO4)2. H2O. Houve 4 repetições de cada tratamento. Seguiu-se um período de incubação de 3 semanas, durante o qual as parcelas permaneceram umidecidas, entre 40 e 70% do poder de retenção de umidade. Depois foram feitos trabalhos necessários do que se concluiu que: a) grande proporção do P fixado permaneceu solúvel em H2SO4 0,05 N; b) o Fe e o Al foram importantes na fixação do P; c) o pré-tratamento do solo com Ca (H2P0(4))2· H2O reduziu-lhe a capacidade de fixação de fosfato

Transboundary cooperation and Mechanisms for Maritime Spatial Planning implementation. SIMNORAT Project

El proyecto SIMNORAT, Supporting Implementation of Maritime Spatial Planning in the Northern European Atlantic region (SIMNORAT), fue un proyecto cofundado por la UE de ordenación del espacio marítimo desarrollado en la región atlántica. Los objetivos del proyecto eran apoyar a los Estados miembros (EM) para aplicar la Directiva 2014/89/UE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 23 de julio de 2014, por la que se establece un marco para la ordenación del espacio marítimo (OEM); y poner en marcha y llevar a cabo iniciativas concretas y transfronterizas de OEM entre los EM participantes en el proyecto (España, Francia y Portugal). Para desarrollar y probar aspectos de la ordenación del espacio marítimo con el fin de elaborar directrices y recomendaciones útiles en un contexto transfronterizo, las autoridades competentes de los países también participaron en el proyecto. Los resultados de SIMNORAT, como el desarrollo de una metodología conceptual para la ordenación del espacio marítimo transfronterizo, el análisis de las herramientas y los datos aplicados en el proceso de ordenación del espacio marítimo, la evaluación de las demandas y tendencias espaciales de los sectores marítimos, y la participación de las partes interesadas, ayudaron a identificar las mejores prácticas en los aspectos científicos, técnicos y sociales de la ordenación del espacio marítimo para una cooperación eficaz, especialmente en las áreas de estudio de casos transfronterizos, para mejorar la aplicación de la Directiva sobre ordenación del espacio marítimo en cada país con esfuerzos de colaboración y una visión común. Esto, a su vez, puede apoyar la creación del marco adecuado para desarrollar una economía azul sostenible en la región, gestionando el sistema socioecológico asociado en un entorno cambiante

Feelings of nurses who work with cancer patients in terminal phase Sentimentos de enfermeiros que atuam junto a pacientes com câncer em fase terminal

Objetivo: identificar os sentimentos de enfermeiros que atuam junto a pacientes com câncer em fase terminal. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com 10 enfermeiros do setor de oncologia de um Hospital de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. Coleta de dados realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, submetida à análise temática. Obtenção de parecer favorável pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Faculdade Santo Agostinho, conforme parecer N°350/10. Resultados: para os enfermeiros, uma das maiores ansiedades enfrentadas é o lidar com a morte, vista como fenômeno doloroso e de difícil aceitação. A maioria dos profissionais admitiu o despreparo no manejo e enfrentamento desta condição, experienciando de forma conflituosa, amarga e cruel tal vivência. Conclusão: mediante a fragilidade dos sentimentos dos enfermeiros, urge apoio ao profissional da área oncológica com formações de grupos de apoio ao profissional, a fim de compartilhar experiências e minimizar o sofrimento emocional. Descritores: Enfermagem; Oncologia; Saúde Mental

Correlations of mutations in katG, oxyR-ahpC and inhA genes and in vitro susceptibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical strains segregated by spoligotype families from tuberculosis prevalent countries in South America

Background Mutations associated with resistance to rifampin or streptomycin have been reported for W/Beijing and Latin American Mediterranean (LAM) strain families of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A few studies with limited sample sizes have separately evaluated mutations in katG, ahpC and inhA genes that are associated with isoniazid (INH) resistance. Increasing prevalence of INH resistance, especially in high tuberculosis (TB) prevalent countries is worsening the burden of TB control programs, since similar transmission rates are noted for INH susceptible and resistant M. tuberculosis strains. Results We, therefore, conducted a comprehensive evaluation of INH resistant M. tuberculosis strains (n = 224) from three South American countries with high burden of drug resistant TB to characterize mutations in katG, ahpC and inhA gene loci and correlate with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) levels and spoligotype strain family. Mutations in katG were observed in 181 (80.8%) of the isolates of which 178 (98.3%) was contributed by the katG S315T mutation. Additional mutations seen included oxyR-ahpC; inhA regulatory region and inhA structural gene. The S315T katG mutation was significantly more likely to be associated with MIC for INH ≥2 μg/mL. The S315T katG mutation was also more frequent in Haarlem family strains than LAM (n = 81) and T strain families. Conclusion Our data suggests that genetic screening for the S315T katG mutation may provide rapid information for anti-TB regimen selection, epidemiological monitoring of INH resistance and, possibly, to track transmission of INH resistant strains.Fil: Dalla Costa, Elis R. State Foundation for Production and Research in Health (FEPPS); Brasil.Fil: Ribeiro, Marta O. State Foundation for Production and Research in Health (FEPPS); Brasil.Fil: Silva, Márcia S. N. State Foundation for Production and Research in Health (FEPPS); Brasil.Fil: Arnold, Liane S. State Foundation for Production and Research in Health (FEPPS); Brasil.Fil: Rostirolla, Diana C. State Foundation for Production and Research in Health (FEPPS); Brasil.Fil: Cafrune, Patricia I. State Foundation for Production and Research in Health (FEPPS); Brasil.Fil: Espinoza, Roger C. Blufstein Clinic Laboratory; Perú.Fil: Palaci, Moises. Federal University of Espírito Santo; Brasil.Fil: Telles, Maria A. Adolfo Lutz Institute; Brasil.Fil: Ritacco, Viviana. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Servicio de Micobacterias; Argentina.Fil: Suffys, Philip N. Oswaldo Cruz Institute; Brasil.Fil: Lopes, Maria L. Evandro Chagas Institute; Brasil.Fil: Campelo, Creuza L. LACEN Ceará; BrasilFil: Miranda, Silvana S. Federal University of Minas Gerais; Brasil.Fil: Kremer, Kristin. National Institute for Public Healthand the Environment (RIVM). Mycobacteria Reference Unit (CIb-LIS); Países Bajos.Fil: Almeida da Silva, Pedro E. Federal Foundation of Rio Grande; Brasil.Fil: de Souza Fonseca, Leila. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Tuberculosis Academic Program; Brasil.Fil: Ho, John L. Cornell University; Estados Unidos.Fil: Kritski, Afrânio L. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Tuberculosis Academic Program; Brasil.Fil: Rossetti, María L. R. State Foundation for Production and Research in Health (FEPPS); Brasil

Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.

Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees ≥ 10 cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors