Vision 2050: changement climatique, pêche et aquaculture en Afrique de l’Ouest Du 14 au 16 avril 2010, Dakar, Sénégal

Ce rapport présente les activités et les résultats de l’atelier Vision 2050: Changement climatique, pêche et aquaculture en Afrique de l’Ouest. Les objectifs de l’atelier étaient de discuter les questions critiques et les incertitudes auxquelles est confronté le secteur de la pêche et de l’aquaculture au Ghana, au Sénégal et en Mauritanie, d’élaborer des scénarios sectoriels pour 2050 et de discuter de l’implication de ces scénarios dans le contexte du changement climatique pour ces pays et la région ouest africaine

En torno a la idea de juego a partir de dos escenas de Calderón

El presente trabajo dilucida cierta idea de juego en Calderón a partir de un tipo de metateatralidad consistente en ser actor de sí mismo, localizada en dos escenas. Primeramente se analiza cómo funciona el juego desde un punto de vista dramático en El mayor encanto, amor. En segundo lugar, se estudia/determina la progresión conceptual de esta idea en Los cabellos de Absalón. Por último, se pone en perspectiva el alcance de esta idea calderoniana de juego, a la luz de algunos enfoques contemporáneos sobre la mímesis y la necesidad del teatro.This work deals with a certain idea of game in Calderón, starting from two metatheatrical scenes, which consists in being actor of one-self. At first it is analysed how the game works from a dramatic point of view in El mayor encanto, amor. Then the conceptual progression of this idea in Los cabellos de Absalón is studied. Finally, the author puts the scope of this Calderonian idea of game into perspective by considering some contemporary focuses on mimesis and the necessity of theatre

Ecos platónicos en la estética de Calderón

El impulso platónico presente en la obra de Calderón ha sido ampliamente señalado a partir de La vida es sueño. Este trabajo cuestiona y analiza la influencia de Platón en la estética de Calderón, tal y como se trasluce en El pintor de su deshonra —tragedia y auto sacramental—, La estatua de Prometeo y su Deposición a favor de los profesores de pintura. Se verifica que Calderón aplica el esquema mimético general de Platón, si bien el valor ontológico y la relación de sus conceptos idea e imagen han variado, amalgamando además ideas aristotélicas, neoplatónicas y otras. El de Calderón se perfila como un pensamiento ecléctico cuyo soporte teatral permite la síntesis y problematización del paradigma artístico de la mímesis.The Platonic input in Calderón’s works has been widely pointed out in La vida es sueño. This paper questions and analyzes the influence of Plato on the aesthetics of Calderón, as shown in El pintor de su deshonra —tragedy and auto sacramental—, La estatua de Prometeo and his Deposición a favor de los profesores de pintura. I demonstrate that Calderón follows Plato’s general mimetic pattern, although the ontological value and the relationship between the concepts of idea and image have changed. In addition, he integrates Aristotelian, Neoplatonic and ideas from other sources. Calderón’s thought emerges as an eclectic one, whose theatrical form allows the synthesis and problematization of the artistic paradigm of mimesis

Colorimetric detection of normetanephrine, a pheochromocytoma biomarker, using bifunctionalised gold nanoparticles

[EN] A simple and effective colorimetric method for the detection of normetanephrine (NMN), an O-methylated metabolite of norepinephrine, using functionalised gold nanoparticles is described. This metabolite is an important biomarker in the diagnosis of adrenal tumours such as pheocromocytoma or paraganglioma. The colorimetric probe consists of spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalised with two different ligands, which specifically recognize different functional groups in normetanephrine. Thus, a benzaldehyde-terminated ligand was used for the recognition of the amino alcohol moiety in NMN, by forming the corresponding oxazolidine. On the other hand, N-acetyl-cysteine was chosen for the recognition of the phenolic hydroxyl group through the formation of hydrogen bonds. The selective double molecular recognition between the probe and the hydroxyl and the amino-alcohol moieties of normetanephrine led to interparticle-crosslinking aggregation resulting in a change in the color of the solution, from red to blue, which could be observed by naked eye. The probe was highly selective towards normetanephrine and no color changes were observed in the presence of other neurotransmitter metabolites such as homovanillic acid (HVA) (dopamine metabolite), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) (serotonin metabolite), or other biomolecules present in urine such as glucose (Glc), uric acid (U.A), and urea. Finally, the probe was evaluated in synthetic urine with constituents that mimic human urine, where a limit of detection of 0.5 mu M was achieved.Financial support from the Spanish Government (project MAT2015-64139-C4) and Generalitat Valenciana (Project PROMETEOII/2014/047 and AICO/2017/093) is gratefully acknowledged. T. Godoy-Reyes is grateful to Generalitat Valenciana for her Santiago Grisolia fellowship.Godoy-Reyes, TM.; Costero, AM.; Gaviña, P.; Martínez-Máñez, R.; Sancenón Galarza, F. (2019). Colorimetric detection of normetanephrine, a pheochromocytoma biomarker, using bifunctionalised gold nanoparticles. Analytica Chimica Acta. 1056:146-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2019.01.003S146152105

Detection and discrimination of organophosphorus pesticides in water by using a colorimetric probe array

[EN] Detection and discrimination of several organophosphorus pesticides in water using a colorimetric probe array containing twelve dyes has been achieved. A clear discrimination for malathion, leptophos, dichlorvos, dibrom and diazinon was observed. The array was used to determine the concentration of diazinon in orange leavesThe financial support from the Spanish Government (project MAT2012-38429-C04), the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROM-ETEO/2009/016) and the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (project ref. 2711) is gratefully acknowledged. SCSIE (Universidad de Valencia) is also acknowledged for all the equipment employed.Ferri, D.; Gaviña, P.; Costero, AM.; Parra, M.; Vivancos, J.; Martínez-Máñez, R. (2014). Detection and discrimination of organophosphorus pesticides in water by using a colorimetric probe array. Sensors and Actuators B Chemical. 202:727-731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.06.011S72773120

A Colorimetric Probe for the Selective Detection of Norepinephrine Based on a Double Molecular Recognition with Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles

[EN] A simple colorimetric probe for the selective and sensitive detection of neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE), an important biomarker in the detection of tumors such as pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, is described. The sensing strategy is based on the use of spherical gold nanoparticles functionalized with benzaldehyde and boronic acid-terminated moieties. A double molecular recognition involving on one hand the aromatic aldehyde and the aminoalcohol group of NE, and on the other hand the boronic acid and the catechol moiety of the neurotransmitter, results in analyte triggered aggregation of the gold nanoparticles, leading to a bathochromic shift of the SPR band in the UV-vis spectrum of the probe and a clear change in the color of the solution from red to blue. Probe P1 shows a remarkable selectivity toward NE versus other catecholamine neurotransmitters (dopamine and epinephrine) and selected biomolecules (S-HIAA, L-Tyr, glucose, uric acid, Lys and glutamic acid). Moreover, a linear response to NE in the 0-1 mu M concentration range was observed and a limit of detection of 0.07 mu M in aqueous media was determined by UV-vis spectroscopy. The sensitivity of the probe toward NE in synthetic urine was also evaluated. In this medium, a limit of detection of 0.09 mu M was obtained which falls within the range of clinical interestFinancial support from the Spanish Government (Projects MAT2015-64139-C4-1-R and MAT2015-64139-C4-4-R) and the Generalitat Valencia (Projects PROMETEOII/2014/047 and AICO/2017/093) is gratefully acknowledged. T. Godoy-Reyes is grateful to the Generalitat Valenciana for her Santiago Grisolia fellowship.Godoy-Reyes, TM.; Costero, AM.; Gaviña, P.; Martínez-Máñez, R.; Sancenón Galarza, F. (2019). A Colorimetric Probe for the Selective Detection of Norepinephrine Based on a Double Molecular Recognition with Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles. ACS Applied Nano Materials. 2(3):1367-1373. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.8b02254S136713732

Mesoporous Silica-Based Materials with Bactericidal Properties

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Bernardos, A., Piacenza, E., Sancenón, F., Hamidi, M., Maleki, A., Turner, R. J., Martínez-Máñez, R., Mesoporous Silica-Based Materials with Bactericidal Properties. Small 2019, 15, 1900669. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201900669 , which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201900669. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.[EN] Bacterial infections are the main cause of chronic infections and even mortality. In fact, due to extensive use of antibiotics and, then, emergence of antibiotic resistance, treatment of such infections by conventional antibiotics has become a major concern worldwide. One of the promising strategies to treat infection diseases is the use of nanomaterials. Among them, mesoporous silica materials (MSMs) have attracted burgeoning attention due to high surface area, tunable pore/particle size, and easy surface functionalization. This review discusses how one can exploit capacities of MSMs to design and fabricate multifunctional/controllable drug delivery systems (DDSs) to combat bacterial infections. At first, the emergency of bacterial and biofilm resistance toward conventional antimicrobials is described and then how nanoparticles exert their toxic effects upon pathogenic cells is discussed. Next, the main aspects of MSMs (e.g., physicochemical properties, multifunctionality, and biosafety) which one should consider in the design of MSM-based DDSs against bacterial infections are introduced. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of all the papers published dealing with the use of MSMs for delivery of antibacterial chemicals (antimicrobial agents functionalized/adsorbed on mesoporous silica (MS), MS-loaded with antimicrobial agents, gated MS-loaded with antimicrobial agents, MS with metal-based nanoparticles, and MS-loaded with metal ions) is provided.The authors thank the Spanish Government (projects MAT2015-64139-C4-1-R and AGL2015-70235-C2-2-R (MINECO/FEDER)) and the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEOII/2014/047 and PROMETEO/2018/024) for support. A.B. thanks the Spanish Government for her Juan de la Cierva incorporacion contract IJCI-2014-21534.Bernardos Bau, A.; Piacenza, E.; Sancenón Galarza, F.; Hamidi, M.; Maleki, A.; Turner, R.; Martínez-Máñez, R. (2019). Mesoporous Silica-Based Materials with Bactericidal Properties. Small. 15(24):1-34. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201900669S134152

Selective and sensitive colorimetric detection of the neurotransmitter serotonin based on the aggregation of bifunctionalised gold nanoparticles

[EN] We report a simple, sensitive and selective method for the colorimetric detection of serotonin (5-HT) in aqueous media using bifunctionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The probe (1) consisted of AuNPs functionalised with dithiobis(succinimidylpropionate) (DSP) and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NALC). DSP was chosen to react with the amino group of 5-HT, whereas NALC was chosen to bind the hydroxyl group in 5-HT through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. A double interaction between nanoparticles and the hydroxyl and the amino group of serotonin led to interparticle-crosslinking aggregation. This, resulted in a colour change from red to blue that can be observed by the naked eye. The probe was selective to 5-HT and no colour modulation was observed in the presence of other neurotransmitters (i.e. dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine), selected biomolecules (i.e. L-tyrosine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, L-cysteine, uric acid, oxalic acid, aspartic acid and glutamic acid) and common inorganic species. A limit of detection as low as 0.1 mu M was determined in buffered water at pH 7 by UV-vis titrations. Similar response of the probe to 5-HT was observed in simulated blood serum, with a limit of detection of 0.12 mu M, and a linear response within the 0-3 mu M concentration range, which is within the range of the 5-HT concentrations of clinical interest. Finally, the performance of probe (1) in real human blood samples was evaluated, and showed a remarkable ability to distinguish between normal 5-HT levels and 5-HT levels indicative of disease. (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Financial support from the Spanish Government (Projects MAT2015-64139-C4-1-R and MAT2015-64139-C4-4-R) and the Generalitat Valenciana (Project PROMETEOII/2014/047) is gratefully acknowledged. T. Godoy-Reyes is grateful to the Generalitat Valenciana for her Santiago Grisolia fellowship. A. Llopis-Lorente thanks "La Caixa" Banking Foundation for his PhD grant. SCSIE (Universitat de Valencia) is gratefully acknowledged for all the equipment employed. NMR was registered at the U26 facility of ICTS "NANBIOSIS" at the Universitat de Valencia. Support from the Juana Portaceli Health Centre of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia to obtain blood samples from a healthy volunteer is gratefully acknowledged.Godoy-Reyes, TM.; Llopis-Lorente, A.; Costero, AM.; Sancenón, F.; Gaviña, P.; Martínez-Máñez, R. (2018). Selective and sensitive colorimetric detection of the neurotransmitter serotonin based on the aggregation of bifunctionalised gold nanoparticles. Sensors and Actuators B Chemical. 258:829-835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.11.181S82983525

Urinary metabolic signatures detect recurrences in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer

Patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) undergo lifelong monitoring based on repeated cystoscopy and urinary cytology due to the high recurrence rate of this tumor. Nevertheless, these techniques have some drawbacks, namely, low accuracy in detection of low-grade tumors, omission of pre-neoplastic lesions and carcinomas in situ (CIS), invasiveness, and high costs. This work aims to identify a urinary metabolomic signature of recurrence by proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy for the follow-up of NMIBC patients. To do this, changes in the urinary metabolome before and after transurethral resection (TUR) of tumors are analyzed and a Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) model is developed. The usefulness of this discriminant model for the detection of tumor recurrences is assessed using a cohort of patients undergoing monitoring. The trajectories of the metabolomic profile in the follow-up period provide a negative predictive value of 92.7% in the sample classification. Pathway analyses show taurine, alanine, aspartate, glutamate, and phenylalanine perturbed metabolism associated with NMIBC. These results highlight the potential of 1H NMR metabolomics to detect bladder cancer (BC) recurrences through a non-invasive approach