Models and Potentials in Hadron Spectroscopy

In the past twenty years, hadron spectroscopy has made immense progress. Experimental facilities have observed different multiquark states during these years. There are different models and phenomenological potentials to study the nature of interquark interaction. In this work, we have reviewed different quark potentials and models used in hadron spectroscopy.Comment: 35 pages, 1 figur

Newer drugs for the treatment of hepatitis B viral infection

One of the main disadvantages of hepatitis B virus treatment is the persistence of the virus even after treatment. The main causes of this viral persistence can be an inadequacy of the immune function as well as some viral factors. The currently available drugs for hepatitis B are five oral nucleoside/nucleotide analogs (lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil, tenofovir, entecavir, telbivudine) and two interferon drugs (interferon alfa-2b, pegylated interferon alfa-2a). However, these therapies do not lead to sustained remission, requiring indefinite treatment as viral load frequently rebounds once suppressive therapy is stopped

Beneficial Effect of Oryzanol on Transient Middle Artery Occlusion Induced Ischemic Stroke in Atherosclerotic Rats. Improvement in Behavioural and Biochemical Parameters

The present study was designed to determine the beneficial effect of oryzanol treatment in the ischemic stroke in atherosclerotic rats. Atherosclerosis was induced in rats using high fat diet (containing 20% ground nut oil, 0.5% cholesterol, 1% cholic acid) for 32 days. Ischemic stroke was induced in the atherosclerotic rat (AT rats) on 33rd day using tMCAO model. In the oryzanol treatment group, oryzanol (100 mg/kg, po) was administered on the very first day (day rats were fed with high fat diet), ischemic stroke was induced on 33rd day and oryzanol treatment was continued after the induction of ischemia from 34th day to 40th day. The neurological score was determined for 7days with gap of 24 hrs between the testing procedure. Rats were sacrificed followed by the blood collection and excision of whole brain for the determination of various parameters including brain damage (infarct volume, brain hemisphere weight difference, and Na+-K+-ATPase activity) and oxidative stress parameter (SOD activity, reduced GSH level, MDA level, nitrite level and LDH level). It was observed that ischemia-reperfusion (IR rats) in atherosclerotic rats increased the neurological score, increase in infarct volume, brain hemisphere weight difference and reduced activity of Na+-K+-ATPase. Further IR rats showed the decreased activity of SOD activity and GSH, whereas the level of MDA, nitrite and LDH activity was found to be increased in the atherosclerotic-IR rats. Further it was observed that the oryzanol treatment in the atherosclerotic counteracted the high fat induced rise in the TG, LDL, and VLDL level and increased the level of HDL in the treated animals. Further the administration of oryzanol improved the neurological score, reduce the infarct volume, brain hemisphere weight difference and improve the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase. Oryzanol treatment further improved the SOD activity, increased the level of GSH, reduced the level of MDA, nitrite and LDH activity in atherosclerotic-IR rat

Mitigation of harmonics for five level multilevel inverter with fuzzy logic controller

Introduction. The advantages of a high-power quality waveform and a high voltage capability of multilevel inverters have made them increasingly popular in recent years. These inverters reduce harmonic distortion and improve the voltage output. Realistically speaking, as the number of voltage levels increases, so does the quality of the multilevel output-voltage waveform. When it comes to industrial power converters, these inverters are by far the most critical. Novelty. Multilevel cascade inverters can be used to convert multiple direct current sources into one direct current. These inverters have been getting a lot of attention recently for high-power applications. A cascade H-bridge multilevel inverter controller is proposed in this paper. A change in the pulse width of selective pulse width modulation modulates the output of the multilevel cascade inverter. Purpose. The total harmonic distortion can be reduced by using filters on controllers like PI and fuzzy logic controllers. Methods. The proposed topology is implemented with MATLAB/Simulink, using gating pulses and pulse width modulation methodology and fuzzy logic controllers. Moreover, the proposed model also has been validated and compared to the hardware system. Results. Total harmonic distortion, number of power switches, output voltage and number of DC sources are analyzed with conventional topologies. Practical value. The proposed topology has been very supportive for implementing photovoltaic based multilevel inverter, which is connected to large demand in grid and industry

Whats special about Y6; the working mechanism of neat Y6 organic solar cell

Non-fullerene acceptors (NFA) have delivered advance in bulk heterojunction organic solar cell efficiencies, with the significant milestone of 20% now in sight. However, these materials challenge the accepted wisdom of how organic solar cells work. In this work we present neat Y6 device with efficiency above 4.5%. We thoroughly investigate mechanisms of charge generation and recombination as well as transport in order to understand what is special about Y6. Our data suggest Y6 generates bulk free charges, with ambipolar mobility, which can be extracted in the presence of transport layersComment: 11 pages, 5 figure

Beneficial health effects of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) seeds upon incorporation as a potential feed additive in livestock and poultry: A mini-review

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum Linn) is an annual plant of the family Umbelliferae, with its use dating back to ancient times when it was cultivated for its medicinal and culinary potential. Cumin seeds could contain a wide variety of phytochemicals, including alkaloids, coumarins, anthraquinones, flavonoids, glycosides, proteins, resins, saponins, tannins, and steroids. In particular, linoleic acid, one of the unsaturated fatty acids found in abundance in cumin oleoresin, is credited with promoting good health. Many of cumin's purported biological actions in livestock and poultry have been attributed to flavonoids such as apigenin, luteolin, and glycosides. Cumin has several healthful qualities, such as antibacterial, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-platelet aggregation, hypotensive, bronchodilatory, immunological, anti-amyloidogenic, and anti-osteoporotic properties. Cumin supplementation may improve milk production and reproductive function in dairy cows by altering the feeding pattern of bacteria in the rumen, encouraging the growth of beneficial microbes, or stimulating the secretion of certain digestive enzymes. Because of the low price of cumin seed, it could be concluded that its inclusion in the diet might be beneficial to the commercial poultry industry and reduce the overall cost of egg and meat production. In recent years a rise in cumin's popularity has been seen as a result of the herbal movement spearheaded by naturopaths, yoga gurus, advocates of alternative medicine, and manufacturers of feed additives. Animal nutritionists are exploring the use of cumin for its potential to boost growth, improve nutrient usage efficiency, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This mini-review discusses how cumin could be used as a feed ingredient to boost productivity and ensure healthy animal reproduction

Potential benefits and therapeutic applications of "Panchgavya" therapy (Cowpathy) for human and animal health: Current scientific knowledge

Cow's milk, urine, dung, ghee, and curd (together known as "Panchgavya") have incomparable medicinal value in Ayurveda and ancient Indian clinical methods. Panchgavya is also known as Cowpathy in Ayurveda. In India, the cow is revered as a goddess known as "Gaumata" because of its nurturing qualities similar to those of a mother. Almost no adverse effects are associated with using Panchgavya, which is why it is recommended in Ayurveda for treating disorders affecting numerous body systems. Its possible antimicrobial effects have piqued the curiosity of medical researchers and practitioners. Cow milk is widely regarded as a nutritious diet and has been shown to effectively treat various medical conditions, including high body temperature, pain, cancer, diabetes, kidney diseases, and weakness. Milk can prevent the growth of microorganisms, has erotic qualities when combined with the leaves of medicinal herbs, and the fat in milk has anticancer characteristics. Toned and skim milk, lassi, yoghurt, cottage cheese, and khoa all come from milk and have important medicinal characteristics. Curd (dahi) is recommended as a blood purifier for conditions such as hemorrhoids, piles, and gastrointestinal issues. Ghee made from cows has been shown to boost immunity. It is important to highlight the use of cow dung as an antifungal and for treating malaria and tuberculosis. It has the potential to aid in the development of a populace free from disease, the creation of sustainable energy systems, the fulfilment of all nutritional needs, the elimination of poverty, the promotion of organic farming culture, and the like. Cow urine is a powerful remedy for numerous medical conditions, including but not limited to epileptic convulsions, diabetes, hepatitis, inflammation, fever, and anaemia. The current review article explores how the Panchgavya ingredients can be employed to safeguard human and animal health