Comparative analysis of semantic distinctions between synonymous adjectives in Tatar and English

Many linguistic researches are devoted to the issues of defining the valid criteria of emergence and preservation of semantically synonymous relations between words, the conditions of their system-based organization in a synonymic row. The aim of the paper is to indicate and analyze the types of semantic distinctions between synonymous adjectives in Tatar and English, thus determine features common for the two non-related languages. Based on the broad review of the theoretical data it is stated in the paper that a synonymic row represents a specific type of word relations based on the sameness/ similarity of meaning and distinction. The distinctions which bear semantic, expressive and stylistic nuances, that serve to preserve gradation inside a synonymic row, are called shades of meaning. The comparative analysis of the examined data let us identify types of semantic distinctions in gradation, motivating circumstances, duration and frequency, nature of outward expression of the quality, range of described objects, semantic associations, evaluative attitude, logical emphasis, emotional coloring. We believe the paper findings may be useful for researchers who deal with contrastive linguistics, typology of non-related languages, lexicographic practice and may help those who study the English language to solve the difficulty of choosing the appropriate word in the communication discourse.peer-reviewe

Significados conotativos do grupo lexico-semantica «eye» nas línguas de inglês e tatar

The paper is aimed at theoretical treatment and practical description of the relationship between language and culture represented by national and cultural connotations. Studying national and cultural connotations leads to the indication of culturally significant information which is one of the criteria for defining the language acquisition level and a desirable advantage in cross-cultural communication. This paper is the first attempt to carry out an in-depth research into the lexical-semantic groups of the English "eye" and the Tatar "kuz", defining the connotative meanings of the lexical units and revealing the counterparts in the given groups. The method of comparative analysis allowed us to determine proximity and distance in anthropological, cognitive, associative, emotional and evaluative backgrounds of these languages. The paper’s findings may be useful for researchers who deal with contrastive and cognitive linguistics, typology of non-related languages, lexicography and may help those who study English as a foreign language.El trabajo tiene como objetivo el tratamiento teórico y la descripción práctica de la relación del lenguaje y la cultura representada por connotaciones nacionales y culturales. Estudiar las connotaciones nacionales y culturales lleva a la indicación de información culturalmente significativa que es uno de los criterios para definir el nivel de adquisición del idioma y una ventaja deseable en la comunicación intercultural. El documento es el primer intento de llevar a cabo una investigación en profundidad sobre los grupos lexico-semánticos del "ojo" inglés y el "kuz" tártaro, definir los significados connotativos de las unidades léxicas, revelar las contrapartidas en los grupos dados. El método de análisis comparativo nos permitió determinar la proximidad y la distancia en los antecedentes antropológicos, cognitivos, asociativos, emocionales y evaluativos de estos lenguajes. Los hallazgos en el documento pueden ser útiles para los investigadores que se ocupan de la lingüística cognitiva y contrastante, la tipología de lenguajes no relacionados, la lexicografía y pueden ayudar a quienes estudian inglés como lengua extranjera.O artigo visa o tratamento teórico e a descrição prática da relação entre língua e cultura representada por conotações nacionais e culturais. Estudar conotações nacionais e culturais leva à indicação de informações culturalmente significativas, que é um dos critérios para definir o nível de aquisição de linguagem e uma vantagem desejável na comunicação intercultural. O artigo é a primeira tentativa de realizar uma pesquisa aprofundada sobre os grupos léxico-semânticos do "olho" inglês e o "kuz" tártaro, que definem os significados conotativos das unidades lexicais, revelando as contrapartes nos grupos dados. O método de análise comparativa permitiu determinar a proximidade e a distância em contextos antropológicos, cognitivos, associativos, emocionais e avaliativos dessas línguas. As descobertas do artigo podem ser úteis para pesquisadores que lidam com linguística contrastiva e cognitiva, tipologia de línguas não-relacionadas, lexicografia e podem ajudar aqueles que estudam inglês como língua estrangeira

LINGUOCULTURAL PECULIARITIES OF ABBREVIATIONS IN THE POLITICAL DISCOURSE

The purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to define the linguocultural peculiarities of the abbreviations in the political discourse.Materials and methods: The leading approach to the study of this problem is scientific. In the article such general scientific research methods as a descriptive-analytical method; method of continuous sampling and contextual analysis were used.Results of the research: there is relevance to the detailed investigation of the active language processes in modern English electronic media. Abbreviations are the language tools that help create a picture of the day. The newspaper is the first source where new abbreviations are fixed. In the English speaking electronic newspapers in political discourse generally accepted abbreviations are used. In political articles the use of abbreviations is in outline. The materials of the article can be useful for students, Masters, and postgraduates in English study. Data on the "language picture of the world" of the analyzed linguistic and cultural community can be applied in the methodology and teaching practice of foreign languages. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Linguocultural Peculiarities of Abbreviations in Political Discourse is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

Metaphors in Media Discourse on Migration

The paper deals with the problems of cognitive linguistic discourse and comparative analysis studies of metaphor as a means of representing migration in mass media. It presents the most productive metaphoric models, shaping the concept of “migration”, that function in printed and electronic media discourses of Great Britain, USA and Russia in 2016-2017. A comparative analysis of metaphorical models representing migration in British, American and Russian media discourses has shown that in media discourses on the migration of 2016-2017, regularly three high-frequency and productive metaphorical models operate: hydronymic, military and morbid. Images of these metaphorical models are united by vectors of anxiety, despair, threats to life and have negative conceptual potential

Inaugural Speech as A Tool of Forming Speech Portrait of the President

The paper deals with the inaugural speeches of Vladimir Putin (2018) and Donald Trump (2017) and is aimed at analyzing the role of verbal means in forming the speech portraits of political leaders. The article is of urgent interest as it demonstrates the speech portraits of country leaders in relation to national identity, mentality and socio-political course of the country. By means of comparative content analysis we looked for grammatical, lexical and stylistic elements peculiar to a specific linguistic persona while comparing the speeches of the presidents as well as we attempted to determine the specific national backgrounds of political discourse. Thus, each president's inauguration context model is mostly characterized by a different set of linguistic means. The paper findings may be useful for researchers who deal with interdisciplinary studies, political and cognitive linguistics, political discourse and communication analysis