Back Attention Knowledge Transfer for Low-Resource Named Entity Recognition

In recent years, great success has been achieved in the field of natural language processing (NLP), thanks in part to the considerable amount of annotated resources. For named entity recognition (NER), most languages do not have such an abundance of labeled data as English, so the performances of those languages are relatively lower. To improve the performance, we propose a general approach called Back Attention Network (BAN). BAN uses a translation system to translate other language sentences into English and then applies a new mechanism named back attention knowledge transfer to obtain task-specific information from pre-trained high-resource languages NER model. This strategy can transfer high-layer features of well-trained model and enrich the semantic representations of the original language. Experiments on three different language datasets indicate that the proposed approach outperforms other state-of-the-art methods

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Related Liver Failure: Active Hepatitis B and Comprehensive Literature Analysis

SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination is closely associated with liver injury, and autoimmune hepatitis episodes have been described, but liver failure has not been reported. Here, we report the case of a 41-year-old man, presenting with fatigue, anorexia after activity, greasy, decreased intake, yellow urine, and occasionally acid reflux in the stomach, occurring 2–3 weeks after receiving the first dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, thought to be associated with his underlying chronic hepatitis B and fatty liver condition. The patient took the drug irregularly and did not achieve viral conversion to negative and appear rtA181T-resistant HBV mutation. Recently, the laboratory results showed abnormal liver function with high alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and there was no improvement in liver function after hepatoprotective therapy, and the serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) concentration was greater than 2.0 × 106 IU/mL. Later, after being admitted to our hospital, it was found that he was in, malaise, jaundice, his eyes and sclera were yellow, his lungs were coarse breath sounds, his liver function was abnormally elevated, and his HBV virus developed a drug-resistant mutation. He has no history of autoimmune disease and tests negative for autoimmune antibodies. He became severely ill after intermittently stopping HBV treatment, worsened liver injury after inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and was diagnosed with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). By summarizing the case report, it will provide important information on the vaccine safety assessment of vaccine components, immunization routes, and dosage for people with underlying liver disease

Alterations of Sub-cortical Gray Matter Volume and Their Associations With Disease Duration in Patients With Restless Legs Syndrome

Object: The purpose of this study was to uncover the pathology of restless legs syndrome (RLS) by exploring brain structural alterations and their corresponding functional abnormality.Method: Surface-based morphometry (SBM) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) were performed to explore the alterations in cortical and sub-cortical gray matter volume (GMV) in a cohort of 20 RLS and 18 normal controls (NC). Furthermore, resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) was also performed to identify the functional alterations in patients with RLS.Results: We found significant alterations of sub-cortical GMV, especially the bilateral putamen (PUT), rather than alterations of cortical GMV in patients with RLS compared to NC using both SBM and VBM. Further sub-regional analysis revealed that GMV alterations of PUT was mostly located in the left dorsal caudal PUT in patients with RLS. In addition, altered RSFC patterns of PUT were identified in patients with RLS compared to NC. Moreover, correlation analyses showed that the GMV of the left caudate and the left ventral rostral PUT were positively correlated with disease duration in patients with RLS.Conclusions: The alterations of subcortical GMV might imply that the primarily affected areas are located in sub-cortical areas especially in the sub-region of PUT by the pathologic process of RLS, which might be used as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of RLS

A semi-analytical algorithm for deriving the particle size distribution slope of turbid inland water based on OLCI data: A case study in Lake Hongze

The particle size distribution (PSD) slope (ξ) can indicate the predominant particle size, material composition, and inherent optical properties (IOPs) of inland waters. However, few semi-analytical methods have been proposed for deriving ξ from the surface remote sensing reflectance due to the variable optical state of inland waters. A semi-analytical algorithm was developed for inland waters having a wide range of turbidity and ξ in this study. Application of the proposed model to Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) imagery of the water body resulted in several important observations: (1) the proposed algorithm (754 nm and 779 nm combination) was capable of retrieving ξ with R2 being 0.72 (p < 0.01, n = 60), and MAPE and RMSE being 4.37% and 0.22 (n = 30) respectively; (2) the ξ in HZL was lower in summer than other seasons during the period considered, this variation was driven by the phenological cycle of algae and the runoff caused by rainfall; (3) the band optimization proposed in this study is important for calculating the particle backscattering slope (η) and deriving ξ because it is feasible for both algae dominant and sediment governed turbid inland lakes. These observations help improve our understanding of the relationship between IOPs and ξ, which are affected by different bio-optic processes and algal phenology in the lake environment

Double-Layer MWCNTs@HPPS Photothermal Paper for Water Purification with Strong Acid-Alkali Corrosion Resistance

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology has been identified as a promising method to relieve the global water crisis, and it is particularly important to design an ideal structure of the solar thermal conversion evaporation device. In this paper, hydrophilic polyphenylene sulfide (HPPS) paper with loose structure and appropriate water transmission performance was designed as the based-material, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) layer with excellent photothermal conversion performance was constructed to realize the high-efficiency solar-driven evaporation. Under tail swabbing mode, the cold evaporation surface on the back of the evaporator greatly improved the evaporation rate, cut off the heat transfer channel to bulk water, and achieved the maximum evaporation rate of 1.23 L/m2&middot;h. Ethyl cellulose (EC) was introduced to adjust the water supply performance of HPPS layer, and a large specific surface area of cold evaporation was obtained, thus improving the water evaporation rate. In the simulation experiment of seawater desalination and dye wastewater treatment, it showed good water purification capacity and acid/alkali-resistance, which had great practical application significance