A Qualitative Study of a Native American Mascot at Public University

At the time this study began, there were approximately 60 senior colleges and universities using Native American mascots or nicknames to represent their athletic teams (Fournier, 2003). Many Native Americans, coalitions, organizations, and researchers (Connolly, 2000; Davis, 2002; King & Springwood, 2000; NCAA, 2001) believe that these mascots are racist stereotypes of Native Americans and recommend that they be banned. In contrast, other people believe that Native American mascots signify honor and tradition. Differing meanings or opinions create an obvious conflict and each viewpoint includes a set of arguments to justify their beliefs. For example, many universities claim their alumni will stop contributing to the university if the mascot is removed. For the purpose of this study, the theory of semiotics was used to explain different meanings associated with Native American mascots and nicknames. The civil rights movement was successful in decreasing the number of offensive African-American images and caricatures (U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 2001). However, it did not diminish the use of Native American images. Native American images and caricatures are used in everything from company logos to sports team mascots. The purpose of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of the process that guided the removal of a Native American Mascot at one university. Data for this study was gathered from public and university records, ten personal interviews with faculty, staff, alumni, and community members, and one focus group with twenty-one students. The study examined historical documentation regarding the university’s mascot/nickname, the recent process that was used to change the mascot/nickname at the university, and opinions from students, faculty, alumni and the community regarding the university’s former Native American mascot/nickname. The opinions were gathered from the documents, interviews, and focus group and were coded using the most common themes that support and oppose Native American mascots found in the research literature. Overall, 153 opinions were coded in opposition of the Native American mascot and the most common theme was Code O7: Marketing and School Spirit. Overall, 543 opinions supported the use of the Native American Mascot and the most common theme was code S1: Honor, Respect, and Pride

An Invitation for Engagement: Assigning and Assessing Field Notes to Promote Deeper Levels of Observation

This paper explores current practices for teaching the discipline of keeping field notes within academic natural history courses. We investigate how journal projects can be structured to promote engagement with the natural world while emphasizing the importance of recording accurate and honest observations. Particular attention is paid herein to the assignment of field notes, and to the process of assessing the results of these assignments. Our discussion includes results from an informal survey of best practices among colleagues representing numerous natural history disciplines

Influence Of Starter Fertilizer And Hard Red Winter Wheat Seeding Practices On Interference From Jointed Goatgrass And Cheat

Field experiments were conducted at three sites in north central Oklahoma to determine the effects of wheat row spacing and starter fertilizer treatment on the interference of jointed goatgrass with hard red winter wheat. At two of three sites, bandi.ng fertilizer with the wheat seed decreased juvenile wheat plant density. Mean sunlight interception by the vegetative canopy in April varied from 87 to 93% at all sites. At two sites, fertilizer treatment and weed presence did not affect sunlight interception, but sunlight interception increased as row spacing decreased from 30 to 20 cm. Jointed goatgrass mean spikelet production was affected by fertilizer treatment at two sites. Wheat spike density was increased by decreasing wheat row spacing. At two sites, banding 10-34-0 fertilizer at 168 kg/ha reduced wheat yield. Averaged over other factors, reducing row spacing increased wheat yield. Field experiments were conducted at two sites for two years in north central Oklahoma to determine the effects of row spacing and starter fertilizer treatment on the interference of cheat with hard red winter wheat. Mean sunlight interception by the vegetative canopy was not increased by starter fertilizer treatments either year at one site. Averaged over cheat presence, banded fertilizer treatments increased sunlight interception at a second site one year. In 1997-98 fertHizer treatment effects on sunlight interception occurred only in the absence of cheat. Sunlight interception was less in wheat seeded in 30- than in 10- or 20-cm rows both years at one site and neither year at the other. Cheat consistently reduced wheat yield but interactions with fertilizer treatment and row spacing were abs.ent. In one of four experiments, reducing row spacing reduced dockage

Moyo Vol. V N 2

Fiden, Dan. The Almighty Dollar (Why Our Student Government Scares the Shit Out Of Me) . 2. Fair, Adrienne. From Toulouse-Lautrec to Tabatha Gash (A Look at Prostitution in Paris . 4 Kellie, Megan. Mommy, What is a Caucus? (Three Days in the Life of a Republican). 8. Fiden, Dan. Denison\u27s Red-Headed Stepchild (An interview with Ann Magnuson) . 10. Kahlenberg, Michelle. Dorm, Sweet Dorm (Where The Hell Can I Live Next Year?) . 14. Moncrief, Lyn. From Socialism to Santeria (An American Experiences Life in Cuba) . 16

Relationship between individual differences in functional connectivity and facial emotion recognition abilities in traumatic brain injury

Although several studies have demonstrated that facial-affect recognition impairment is common following moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), and that there are diffuse alterations in large-scale functional brain networks in TBI populations, little is known about the relationship between the two. Here, in a sample of26 participants with TBI and 20 healthy comparison participants (HC) we measured facial-affect recognition abilities and resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) using fMRI. We then used network-based statistics to ex-amine (A) the presence of rs-FC differences between individuals with TBI and HC within the facial-affect processing network, and (B) the association between inter-individual differences in emotion recognition skills and rs-FC within the facial-affect processing network. We found that participants with TBI showed significantly lower rs-FC in a component comprising homotopic and within-hemisphere, anterior-posterior connections with-in the facial-affect processing network. In addition, within the TBI group, participants with higher emotion-labeling skills showed stronger rs-FC within a network comprised of intra- and inter-hemispheric bilateral connections. Findings indicate that the ability to successfully recognize facial-affect after TBI is related to rs-FC within components of facial-affective networks, and provide new evidence that further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying emotion recognition impairment in TBI

Spaced Retrieval Teletherapy for persons with chronic TBI

The effects of Spaced Retrieval (SR) training delivered over the phone on the everyday memory problems of subjects with chronic TBI were investigated in an experimental treatment-control group study. Experimental subjects received SR training on 3 goals; their paired control subject received the same total amount of therapy discussing the use a variety of compensatory memory strategies without SR techniques. Results indicate that SR participants achieved 100% goal mastery, 97% goal maintenance and 63% generalization of mastered goals at 1-month follow-up compared to control subjects who reported 36% use of strategies and 26% generalization of strategies at 1-month

Incorporating climate change into invasive species management: insights from managers

Invasive alien species are likely to interact with climate change, thus necessitating management that proactively addresses both global changes. However, invasive species managers’ concerns about the effects of climate change, the degree to which they incorporate climate change into their management, and what stops them from doing so remain unknown. Therefore, we surveyed natural resource managers addressing invasive species across the U.S. about their priorities, concerns, and management strategies in a changing climate. Of the 211 managers we surveyed, most were very concerned about the influence of climate change on invasive species management, but their organizations were significantly less so. Managers reported that lack of funding and personnel limited their ability to effectively manage invasive species, while lack of information limited their consideration of climate change in decision-making. Additionally, managers prioritized research that identifies range-shifting invasive species and native communities resilient to invasions and climate change. Managers also reported that this information would be most effectively communicated through conversations, research summaries, and meetings/symposia. Despite the need for more information, 65% of managers incorporate climate change into their invasive species management through strategic planning, preventative management, changing treatment and control, and increasing education and outreach. These results show the potential for incorporating climate change into management, but also highlight a clear and pressing need for more targeted research, accessible science communication, and two-way dialogue between researchers and managers focused on invasive species and climate change

Trafficking in women: when survivors find their voice

The purpose of this study is to help survivors of human trafficking, who so desire, break the silence and give voice to their stories of trafficking and surviving in order to educate the public about trafficking, help service providers improve current advocacy/assistance programs available to and help protect others who are at risk of being trafficked. There is a need for the creation of protected spaces for victims and survivors of trafficking where those who choose to break the silence feel safe and for those who choose to keep silent to be nurtured. It is through these stories that we can identify some of the conditions that lead to trafficking, thereby, helping us to disrupt the pattern of slavery and combat the problem. In addition, hearing from survivors helps improve aftercare services based on their specific needs reducing the possibility of re-victimization and victim blaming which marginalize the victim/survivor making recovery even more difficult. The research paradigm used in this study is the qualitative approach utilizing a narrative study and an advocacy/participatory worldview by conducting a holistic interview process with research participants. Data was collected over six months and included individual interviews and field notes from anti-human trafficking campaign conferences

Exploring the role of pain as an early predictor of category 2 pressure ulcers: a prospective cohort study

Objective To explore pressure area related pain as a predictor of category ≥2 pressure ulcer (PU) development. Design Multicentre prospective cohort study. Setting UK hospital and community settings. Participants inclusion Consenting acutely ill patients aged ≥18 years, defined as high risk (Braden bedfast/chairfast AND completely immobile/very limited mobility; pressure area related pain or; category 1 PU). Exclusion Patients too unwell, unable to report pain, 2 or more category ≥2 PUs. Follow-up Twice weekly for 30 days. Primary and secondary outcome measures Development and time to development of one or more category ≥2 PUs. Results Of 3819 screened, 1266 were eligible, 634 patients were recruited, 32 lost to follow-up, providing a 602 analysis population. 152 (25.2%) developed one or more category ≥2 PUs. 464 (77.1%) patients reported pressure area related pain on a healthy, altered or category 1 skin site of whom 130 (28.0%) developed a category ≥2 PU compared with 22 (15.9%) of those without pain. Full stepwise variable selection was used throughout the analyses. (1) Multivariable logistic regression model to assess 9 a priori factors: presence of category 1 PU (OR=3.25, 95% CI (2.17 to 4.86), p<0.0001), alterations to intact skin (OR=1.98, 95% CI (1.30 to 3.00), p=0.0014), pressure area related pain (OR=1.56, 95% CI (0.93 to 2.63), p=0.0931). (2) Multivariable logistic regression model to account for overdispersion: presence of category 1 PU (OR=3.20, 95% CI (2.11 to 4.85), p<0.0001), alterations to intact skin (OR=1.90, 95% CI (1.24 to 2.91), p=0.0032), pressure area related pain (OR=1.85, 95% CI (1.07 to 3.20), p=0.0271), pre-existing category 2 PU (OR=2.09, 95% CI (1.35 to 3.23), p=0.0009), presence of chronic wound (OR=1.66, 95% CI (1.06 to 2.62), p=0.0277), Braden activity (p=0.0476). (3) Accelerated failure time model: presence of category 1 PU (AF=2.32, 95% CI (1.73 to 3.12), p<0.0001), pressure area related pain (AF=2.28, 95% CI (1.59 to 3.27), p<0.0001). (4) 2-level random-intercept logistic regression model: skin status which comprised 2 levels (versus healthy skin); alterations to intact skin (OR=4.65, 95% CI (3.01 to 7.18), p<0.0001), presence of category 1 PU (OR=17.30, 95% CI (11.09 to 27.00), p<0.0001) and pressure area related pain (OR=2.25, 95% CI (1.53 to 3.29), p<0.0001). Conclusions This is the first study to assess pain as a predictor of category ≥2 PU development. In all 4 models, pain emerged as a risk factor associated with an increased probability of category ≥2 PU development