Convergent Analysis of Energy Conservative Algorithm for the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation

Using average vector field method in time and Fourier pseudospectral method in space, we obtain an energy-preserving scheme for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We prove that the proposed method conserves the discrete global energy exactly. A deduction argument is used to prove that the numerical solution is convergent to the exact solution in discrete L2 norm. Some numerical results are reported to illustrate the efficiency of the numerical scheme in preserving the energy conservation law

2-Cyano-N,N-dimethyl­acetamide

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C5H8N2O, mol­ecules are linked by weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

HDAC5 Inhibits Hepatic Lipogenic Genes Expression by Attenuating the Transcriptional Activity of Liver X Receptor

Background/Aims: Liver X receptor (LXR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is known to induce the expression of SREBP-1c and ChREBP, two master regulators of hepatic lipogenesis. Histone deacyetylases (HDACs) have been shown to play critical roles in glucose and lipids metabolism. However, the exact role of HDAC5 in lipogenesis remains elusive. Methods: mRNA and protein levels of HDAC5 were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blots in high-fat-diet-induced and leptin receptor deficiency-induced obese mice. HDAC5 was overexpressed or depleted in HepG2 cells, followed by analysis of cellular triglycerides contents. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression levels of lipogenic genes. Luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the regulation of HDAC on the transcriptional activity of LXR. Co-immunoprecipitation experiment was used to determine the interaction between HDAC5 and LXR. Results: We found that mRNA and protein expression levels of hepatic HDAC5 were reduced in high-fat-diet-induced and leptin receptor deficiency-induced obese mice. In vitro studies further demonstrated that knockdown of HDAC5 promoted cellular triglycerides accumulation, accompanied with up-regulation of lipogenic genes. At the molecular level, HDAC5 was shown to interact with LXR, thereby attenuating its transcriptional activity. Conclusion: Overall, our data suggest that hepatic HDAC5 is an important regulator of lipogenesis

Critical considerations and effective assessment of extraction and recovery processes of RAP

With the increasing shortage of resources, the reuse of recycled asphalt pavements (RAP) in pavement engineering is considered as a sustainable technology. Challenges posed by common extraction and recovery methods may result in misjudgment of asphalt pavement performance. In this study, we investigate the optimization of extraction and recovery processes in recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) recycling, aiming to promote sustainable development within the pavement engineering sector. We prepared eleven asphalt samples to simulate common extraction and recovery scenarios, using virgin SBS-modified asphalt as a reference. Employing Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) testing, we assessed the samples' rheological and chemical properties. We pointed out three common but easily overlooked problems in the extraction and recovery process, namely residual mineral powder, residual trichloroethylene, and incomplete extraction. Residual mineral powder and trichloroethylene greatly influence extraction recovery accuracy; high-speed centrifugation effectively addresses trichloroethylene, but completely removing mineral powder remains challenging. Accurate evaluation of residual substances in recycled asphalt is achievable through FTIR, TGA, and rheological tests, providing valuable insights for material selection and processing. Additionally, it is crucial to fully recover the binder from RAP for precise performance evaluation, as the binder's interior exhibits lower aging levels compared to the surface. This aging heterogeneity should be considered when assessing RAP performance and developing effective rehabilitation strategies. Our findings hold significant implications for enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of extraction and recovery processes in RAP recycling, ultimately contributing to sustainable development in pavement engineering