Perceived norms among university students about their peers and drug use in Bogota, Colombia

Com este trabalho objetivou-se estimar a diferença entre as normas percebidas sobre o uso de drogas pelos estudantes universitários e os seus pares, com idades entre 18 e 24 anos, das faculdades de educação e saúde. É um estudo transversal, baseado em censo e questionário autoadministrado, sem identificação do respondente. Participaram 365 estudantes. Quanto aos resultados, vê-se que a proporção do consumo de tabaco no último ano foi 43,6%; álcool 96,2%, maconha 8,2% e 2,2% cocaína. A norma percebida para a proporção do consumo de tabaco no último ano foi de 78,9%, álcool 88,3%, maconha 35,4% e 20,9% para a cocaína. A proporção do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e a norma percebida estiveram muito próximas, para o consumo de tabaco esteve sobreestimada. Para o acesso fácil ou muito fácil no campus universitário, foi encontrada subestimação para o cigarro e a cocaína, e superestimação para a maconha. Conclui-se que os estudantes universitários sobreestimam o consumo de tabaco, maconha e cocaína pelos seus pares e têm percepção exata do consumo de álcool. A sustância mais sobreestimada foi o tabaco.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo estimar la diferencia entre las normas percibidas sobre uso de drogas en universitarios y sus pares, entre 18 a 24 años, de las áreas de salud y educación. Se trata de un estudio transversal, por encuesta y cuestionario autoaplicado anónimo. Participaron 365 estudiantes. En el último año, la proporción de consumo real de tabaco fue 43,6%, de alcohol 96,2%, de marihuana 8,2%; y 2,2%, de cocaína. La norma percibida de la proporción de consumo de tabaco el último año fue 78,9%, alcohol 88,3%, marihuana 35,4% y 20,9% cocaína. La proporción de consumo real de alcohol entre los estudiantes y la norma percibida por ellos estuvieron muy próximas; para el tabaco, marihuana y cocaína la percepción estuvo sobreestimada. De las drogas de acceso fácil o muy fácil en el campus, se encontró una subestimación para cigarrillo y cocaína, y sobreestimación para marihuana. Se concluye que los universitarios sobrestiman el consumo de tabaco, marihuana y cocaína, parte de sus pares, y tienen una percepción exacta del consumo de alcohol. La sustancia de consumo más sobreestimada de los últimos doce meses fue el tabaco.The objective of this study was to estimate the difference between perceived norms for drug use among university students and their peers, with ages between 18 and 24 years, and attending education and health courses. This cross-sectional study was based on a survey and an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: in total, 365 students participated. The rates for drug use over the last year were as follows: 43.6% for tobacco; 96.2% for alcohol; 8.2% for marijuana; and 2.2% for cocaine. The perceived norm for drug use over the last year was 78.9% for tobacco, 88.3% for alcohol, 35.4% for marijuana and 20.9% for cocaine. The consumption of alcoholic beverages and the perceived norm were very close, but it was overestimated for tobacco use. Regarding access to drugs being easy or very easy on campus, access to cigarettes and cocaine was underestimated, while marijuana was overestimated. CONCLUSIONS: university students overestimate the use of tobacco, marijuana and cocaine by their peers and have a correct perception of alcohol use. Tobacco is the substance with the most overestimated use

Normas percebidas por estudantes universitários sobre seus companheiros e uso de drogas: um estudo multicêntrico em cinco países da América Latina

Este estudio transversal se comparó la percepción que se tiene del consumo de los pares con el uso real de drogas, en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios de América Latina. Los estudiantes de nueve universidades en cinco países (Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Honduras y Perú) respondieron a un cuestionario que abordaba el uso de tabaco, alcohol, marihuana y cocaína. El análisis se concentró en la comparación de la percepción y el consumo real de drogas. Los resultados en gran medida, aunque no completamente, confirmaron que los estudiantes sobreestiman el uso de drogas entre sus pares. Los resultados inesperados fueron los relacionados con el alcohol. Mientras que los estudiantes generalmente sobrestimaron el consumo de tabaco, marihuana y cocaína entre sus pares, los mismos estimaron con bastante precisión o subestimaron el uso de alcohol entre sus pares. Además de los resultados inesperados en relación al alcohol, este estudio muestra que la percepción del uso de drogas en América Latina se comporta de manera similar a otros lugares. Los resultados también apoyan la sugerencia respecto a que la retroalimentación normativa sería útil para fortalecer los programas de prevención de drogas dirigidos a jóvenes en América Latina.Este estudo transversal comparou a percepção dos companheiros de usuários de drogas em uma amostra de estudantes universitários da América Latina. Os estudantes de nove universidades, localizadas em cinco países (Brasil, Chile, Colômbia, Honduras e Peru) responderam questionário que abordou questões sobre o tagagismo, álcool, maconha e cocaína. A análise foi focalizada na comparação da percepção e da realidade dos atuais usuários de drogas. Os resultados confirmaram, de forma geral, a ideia de que os estudantes superestimam o uso de drogas. Resultados inesperados foram identificados em relação ao uso de álcool. Enquanto os estudantes geralmente superestimam o uso de tabaco, maconha e cocaína, entre seus pares, estimaram com bastante precisão ou subestimaram o uso de álcool entre seus pares. Apesar desse resultado inesperado, este estudo mostra que a percepção do uso de drogas entre estudantes universitários da América Latina se comporta de maneira similar ao uso de drogas em outras localidades. Os resultados também apóiam a sugestão de que intervenções, usando retroalimentação normativa, seriam úteis para fortalecer os programas de prevenção ao uso de drogas, dirigidos aos jovens da América Latina.This cross-sectional study compared perceived peer drug use and actual drug use in a sample of Latin American university students. Students from nine universities in five countries (Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Honduras and Peru) completed a questionnaire that addressed the use of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and cocaine. Analysis focused on comparing perceptions to actual drug use. The findings largely, but not completely, confirmed the idea that students overestimate peer drug use. The unexpected findings were those relating to alcohol. While students generally overestimated peer use of tobacco, marijuana and cocaine, they accurately estimated or underestimated peer use of alcohol. Apart from the anomalous findings with regard to alcohol, this study shows that perceived drug use relates to actual drug use in Latin America as it does elsewhere. The results also support the suggestion that interventions using normative feedback would be useful to strengthen drug use prevention programs aimed at youth in Latin America

Construction of a definition of clinical nursing from an investigative perspective

La enfermería clínica como área de conocimiento y campo de acción, continua siendo motivo de discusión, reflexión y controversia tanto en los ámbitos académicos, como en los profesionales y disciplinares de la enfermería. El presente artículo es el resultado de la actividad académica-investigativa desarrollada por las docentes del Departamento de Enfermería Clínica de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, en reunión durante tres años en el seminario permanente de conceptualización.El seminario investigativo centró sus esfuerzos en buscar una mayor claridad del concepto de Enfermería Clínica; concepto que permitiera enriquecer los elementos teóricos que guían su ser y su quehacer. La construcción del concepto giró alrededor de sus características definitorias, su objeto de estudio y su campo de acción.La actividad académica hizo uso de varias estrategias. En un primer momento recogió las experiencias personales de las docentes con el fin de estudiar los conceptos y las nociones que cada una tuviera sobre lo que delimita y substancializa la enfermería clínica como tal. En un segundo momento se hizo necesario dedicar la atención del seminario en entender cuál es la situación actual de enfermería clínica. Su abordaje se hizo mediante tres ejes de análisis: Cuidado de Enfermería, Área Clínica y Formación en el área clínica, finalizando en un tercer momento con la construcción del concepto de enfermería clínica, aplicando la metodología de "análisis de concepto". ABSTRACTThe Clinical Nursing like area of knowledge and battle area, continuous being reason for discussion, reflection and controversy as much in the academic scopes, as profesional and you will discipline of the Infirmary. The present article is the result of the investigative academic activity, developed by the educational ones of the Department of Clinical Nursing of the Faculty of Nursin of the Pontifical Javeriana University in meeting during three years in the permanent seminary of Conceptualization. The investigative seminary, centered its efforts in looking for a greater clarity of the concept of Clinical Infimary, that allowed to enrich the theoretical elements that guide their being and task. The construction of the concept turned around its characteristics, their object of study and its battle area.The academic activity made use ofseveral strategies; at a first momento it gathered the personal experiences of the educational ones, with the purspose of studying the concepts and slight knowledge, that each one had on which it delimits the clinical Nursing like so. At a second moment it became necessary, to dedicate the attention of the seminary in undestanding which is the present situation of clinical infirmary, his boarding became by means of three axes of analysis: Taken care of Infirmary, Clinical Area and formation in the clinical area, finalizing at a third moment with the construction of the concept of clinical infirmary, applying the methodology of "concept analysis".The Clinical Nursing like area of knowledge and battle area, continuous being reason for discussion, reflection and controversy as much in the academic scopes, as profesional and you will discipline of the Infirmary. The present article is the result of the investigative academic activity, developed by the educational ones of the Department of Clinical Nursing of the Faculty of Nursin of the Pontifical Javeriana University in meeting during three years in the permanent seminary of Conceptualization. The investigative seminary, centered its efforts in looking for a greater clarity of the concept of Clinical Infimary, that allowed to enrich the theoretical elements that guide their being and task. The construction of the concept turned around its characteristics, their object of study and its battle area.The academic activity made use ofseveral strategies; at a first momento it gathered the personal experiences of the educational ones, with the purspose of studying the concepts and slight knowledge, that each one had on which it delimits the clinical Nursing like so. At a second moment it became necessary, to dedicate the attention of the seminary in undestanding which is the present situation of clinical infirmary, his boarding became by means of three axes of analysis: Taken care of Infirmary, Clinical Area and formation in the clinical area, finalizing at a third moment with the construction of the concept of clinical infirmary, applying the methodology of "concept analysis"

Construction of a definition of clinical nursing from an investigative perspective

La enfermería clínica como área de conocimiento y campo de acción, continua siendo motivo de discusión, reflexión y controversia tanto en los ámbitos académicos, como en los profesionales y disciplinares de la enfermería. El presente artículo es el resultado de la actividad académica-investigativa desarrollada por las docentes del Departamento de Enfermería Clínica de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, en reunión durante tres años en el seminario permanente de conceptualización.El seminario investigativo centró sus esfuerzos en buscar una mayor claridad del concepto de Enfermería Clínica; concepto que permitiera enriquecer los elementos teóricos que guían su ser y su quehacer. La construcción del concepto giró alrededor de sus características definitorias, su objeto de estudio y su campo de acción.La actividad académica hizo uso de varias estrategias. En un primer momento recogió las experiencias personales de las docentes con el fin de estudiar los conceptos y las nociones que cada una tuviera sobre lo que delimita y substancializa la enfermería clínica como tal. En un segundo momento se hizo necesario dedicar la atención del seminario en entender cuál es la situación actual de enfermería clínica. Su abordaje se hizo mediante tres ejes de análisis: Cuidado de Enfermería, Área Clínica y Formación en el área clínica, finalizando en un tercer momento con la construcción del concepto de enfermería clínica, aplicando la metodología de "análisis de concepto". ABSTRACTThe Clinical Nursing like area of knowledge and battle area, continuous being reason for discussion, reflection and controversy as much in the academic scopes, as profesional and you will discipline of the Infirmary. The present article is the result of the investigative academic activity, developed by the educational ones of the Department of Clinical Nursing of the Faculty of Nursin of the Pontifical Javeriana University in meeting during three years in the permanent seminary of Conceptualization. The investigative seminary, centered its efforts in looking for a greater clarity of the concept of Clinical Infimary, that allowed to enrich the theoretical elements that guide their being and task. The construction of the concept turned around its characteristics, their object of study and its battle area.The academic activity made use ofseveral strategies; at a first momento it gathered the personal experiences of the educational ones, with the purspose of studying the concepts and slight knowledge, that each one had on which it delimits the clinical Nursing like so. At a second moment it became necessary, to dedicate the attention of the seminary in undestanding which is the present situation of clinical infirmary, his boarding became by means of three axes of analysis: Taken care of Infirmary, Clinical Area and formation in the clinical area, finalizing at a third moment with the construction of the concept of clinical infirmary, applying the methodology of "concept analysis".The Clinical Nursing like area of knowledge and battle area, continuous being reason for discussion, reflection and controversy as much in the academic scopes, as profesional and you will discipline of the Infirmary. The present article is the result of the investigative academic activity, developed by the educational ones of the Department of Clinical Nursing of the Faculty of Nursin of the Pontifical Javeriana University in meeting during three years in the permanent seminary of Conceptualization. The investigative seminary, centered its efforts in looking for a greater clarity of the concept of Clinical Infimary, that allowed to enrich the theoretical elements that guide their being and task. The construction of the concept turned around its characteristics, their object of study and its battle area.The academic activity made use ofseveral strategies; at a first momento it gathered the personal experiences of the educational ones, with the purspose of studying the concepts and slight knowledge, that each one had on which it delimits the clinical Nursing like so. At a second moment it became necessary, to dedicate the attention of the seminary in undestanding which is the present situation of clinical infirmary, his boarding became by means of three axes of analysis: Taken care of Infirmary, Clinical Area and formation in the clinical area, finalizing at a third moment with the construction of the concept of clinical infirmary, applying the methodology of "concept analysis"

University students' perceived norms of peers and drug use: a multicentric study in five Latin American countries

This cross-sectional study compared perceived peer drug use and actual drug use in a sample of Latin American university students. Students from nine universities in five countries (Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Honduras and Peru) completed a questionnaire that addressed the use of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and cocaine. Analysis focused on comparing perceptions to actual drug use. The findings largely, but not completely, confirmed the idea that students overestimate peer drug use. The unexpected findings were those relating to alcohol. While students generally overestimated peer use of tobacco, marijuana and cocaine, they accurately estimated or underestimated peer use of alcohol. Apart from the anomalous findings with regard to alcohol, this study shows that perceived drug use relates to actual drug use in Latin America as it does elsewhere. The results also support the suggestion that interventions using normative feedback would be useful to strengthen drug use prevention programs aimed at youth in Latin America